Sports Councils Research Articles

Analysis of Victims' Attitude and Isolation from Sexual Harassment among Athletes in South-South State Sports Councils of Nigeria

This study was designed to determine the Prevalence and Determinants of Sexual Harassment Among Athletes in South-South States Sports Council in Nigeria. Two specific objectives, two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The population for the study comprised of 1,647 male and 1,274 female athletes. They give a total of 2,921 sports athletes in South-South Sports Council which spread across the six states. The sample size of the study consisted of 336 male and 262 female athletes giving a total of 598 representing 20% of athletes from each of the state Sport Council. Instrument titled “Victims Attitude and Isolation as a determinant of Sexual Harassment of Athletes Questionnaire (VAIDSHAQ)” was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three research experts, all from the University of Uyo. Instrument was trial tested on 20 athletes who were not part of the research sample. Cronbach Alpha Reliability Statistics and reliability co-efficient of 0.98 was obtained. The data was analysed using simple regression to answer research questionswhile the hypothesis was tested using F-ratio in simple linear regressionat .05 levels of significance. The prevalence of victim attitudes and isolations from sexual partners are determined of sexual harassments among athletes. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended among measures that individuals with records of sexual abuse should not be admitted into the sport council in order to avoid repetition of such act. Also, that victims of sexual harassment who refuse to report the incidence should be sanctioned by the sport council when noticed.

Sexual Orientation and Moral Value as a Determinant of Sexual Harassment among Athletes in South-South State Sports Councils in Nigeria

This study was designed to determinesexual orientation and moral value as a determinant of sexual harassment among athletes in south-south states sports council in Nigeria. Two specific objectives, two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey design. The population for the study comprised of one thousand six hundred and forty seven (1,647) male athletes and one thousand two hundred and seventy four (1,274) female athletes. They give a total of two thousand, nine hundred and twenty one (2,921) sports athletes in South-South Sports Council which spread across the six states. The sample size of the study consisted of three hundred and thirty six (336) male athletes and two hundred and sixty two (262) female athletes giving a total of (598) representing twenty percent (20%) of athletes from each of the state Sport Council. Instrument titled “Orientation and Moral Value as a Determinant of Sexual Harassment of Athletes Questionnaire (OMVDSHAQ)” was used for data collection. Instrument was trial tested on 20 athletes who were not part of the research sample. Cronbach Alpha Reliability Statistics and reliability co-efficient of 0.98 was obtained. The data was analysed using simple regression to answer the research questions while simple linear regression was used to test the hypotheses at .05 levels of significance. The finding of the study showed sexual orientations and moral values are determined by sexual harassments among athletes. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended among others that training on moral values should be organized for athletes from time to time in order to ensure high moral values, athletes should be encouraged to report cases of sexual harassment in the sport council and such report should be treated with all amount of seriousness.

The Effect of HRM Practices on Organizational Performance: A Survey of Malaysian State Sports Councils’ Employees

Organizational performance can be evaluated through the effectiveness of human resource management (HRM) practices implemented in the organization. However, the problem of improper and misguided implementation of HRM practices causes conflict between employees and organizations, influencing organizational performance. This study examines the effect between HRM practices and organizational performance among Malaysian State Sports Councils’ (MSSC) employees by adapting the Social Exchange Theory. This survey involved a total of 280 MSSC employees. This research instrument consists of 35 items that measure HRM practices and organizational performance. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. Based on the findings, there is a significant and direct effect between HRM practices and organizational performance among MSSC employees. In conclusion, the organization’s excellent structure of HRM practices enables employees to commit to work and perform tasks according to the organizational goals. Future researchers are recommended to extend the sample of study to other sports organizations or other public and private organizations in measuring HRM practices and organizational performance.

Whose Interest Really Matters? The Role of NGOs’ Representatives within Local Advisory Councils in Poland

The article shows the results of empirical research conducted among members of advisory councils operating in Polish cities. The study covers five types of councils: councils of NGOs, senior citizen councils, councils for residents with disabilities, labor market councils, and sports councils. The author focuses mainly on advisory council members who are also NGO representatives. Thus, they have a twofold role: a member of a collegial advisory body, which is supposed to consult local authorities, and a representative of an NGO. The article aims to reveal the motives for engaging NGOs’ representatives in social council activities. Considering the specific character of the NGO sector in Poland, one may expect that membership within social councils will become an arena for pushing the interests of NGOs. However, research results show that the motivations for involvement in social council activities do not have clientelistic patterns. The members of the councils are motivated by similar factors as in other forms of prosocial activity, which may be divided into normative, rational, and affiliative-prestigious. Council members are aware of their double role. They, therefore, distance themselves from the possibility of achieving individual (private) benefits or benefits for the NGO they are associated with. Their membership in councils is motivated primarily by a sense of duty to the group or the organization they represent or local authorities, taking part in the decision-making, and being a member of the prestigious group of experts they consider advisory councils to be.

전라남도 민선 지방체육회 사업운영 현황분석 및 전략

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current status of the business operation of the Jeollanam-do local sports council and presenting a strategies. SWOT analysis was conducted based on literature review and expert interview. The results were as follows. First, most of the business of local sports council in Jeollanam-do were operated mainly on sports for all and were operated through financial support. Second, business in operation can be classified into three types: ‘promoting local sports for all’, ‘operating elite sports leaders’, and ‘generating profits’. Third, the strength were that all 22 sports councils in Jeollanam-do focused on sports for all, and the weaknesses were “business operations focused on sports for all and funding,” “lack of sports association

Female Sports Participation, Gender Identity and the British 2010 Equality Act

ABSTRACT The inclusion of girls and women in sport at all levels depends on single sex categories for most sports from puberty onwards, because of the biological differences between the sexes. Most sport is, by definition, competitive; involving invasion games, teams, leagues, races, competitions and sometimes rankings, from foundation to excellence. Girls and women are underrepresented, particularly in traditional sport, as recognised by the UK Sports Councils and most governing bodies of sport. This paper uses feminist philosophy: Lister on androcentric citizenship, and Fraser on justice as balance, framing, recognition, representation and redistribution. It investigates the impact on the inclusion of girls and women, of eligibility policies adopting ‘self-identification of gender’ guidelines for the inclusion of transgender people in sport, at participation rather than elite levels. It explores fairness and equality as incorporated in law in the 2010 Equality Act in Britain, and contributes to ‘equality evidence’ available to the UK Sports Councils and GBS. These bodies are charged with developing fair and inclusive evidence-based eligibility criteria, in sports participation settings, for both girls and women, and transgender people.

시･도체육회 법정법인화 국민체육진흥법 개정 분석 및 정책 제언

시･도체육회 법정법인화 국민체육진흥법 개정 분석 및 정책 제언

시 · 도체육회 직원의 주도적 성격, 다양성 수용도, 지식공유, 그리고 혁신행동 간의 관계

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for finding a connection between sport-for-all and elite sport through investigating the relationship among the local sports council member’s proactive personality, openness to diversity, knowledge sharing, and innovation behavior. The survey was conducted on 250 members of 17 local sports councils, and a total 210 of questions were used for the final analysis, except 40 unsuccessful questionnaires. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 were used for the statistical analysis. The main results of this study are as follows. First, proactive personality has not an effect on knowledge sharing. Second, openness diversity has an effect on knowledge sharing(+). Third, proactive personality has an effect on innovation behavior(+). Fourth, openness diversity has an effect on innovation behavior(+). Fifth, knowledge sharing has an effect on innovation behavior(+). In conclusion, it is important to encourage members to take proactive personality, to increase openness diversity for finding ways to reach innovation behavior through knowledge sharing.

Ten years of the UK’s Equality Standard for Sport

In 2004, the four UK Sports Councils introduced the Equality Standard for Sport. The purpose of The Standard was an approach of policy development through consultation and partnership with National Governing Bodies and built on the lessons learnt through the Racial Equality Standard for Sport (2000). Furthermore, The Standard aimed to recognize the multiple nature of inequality, beyond racial grounds and embrace a wider set of protected characteristics. Whilst this widening scope to The Standard is a positive move, its methodology and focus is still largely founded on an outcome based approach grounded in an audit culture. Previous research on The Standard was critical of this over reliance on the formalized audit approach, its failure to encourage organizations to be reflective on their history and culture and to promote organizational involvement in creating equality policies. This paper provides a comparative analysis to the previous review of The Standard and aims to examine what difference it is making in terms of equality, diversity and inclusion within sports organizations. Results indicate that there is proactive work carried out by sports organizations to widen the appeal of their sports with previously underrepresented groups but it is not clear how much of this work is from a direct result of The Standard. Furthermore, although many organizations had an aspiration to achieve Intermediate Level, very few have progressed beyond the Preliminary Level.

Gender Distribution among Administrative Positions in Ondo and Osun States Sports Councils

Gender Distribution among Administrative Positions in Ondo and Osun States Sports Councils

Strategies for the Management of Risks in Sports for Sports Administrators in State Sports Councils, South East, Nigeria

Risks cannot be completely eliminated from sports hence the need to formulate strategies for the management of risks in sports such as risk of injury, risk of financial or monetary loss and risk of damaging of sports facilities. The study involved seven experts. A 33 items Risk Management Strategies for Sports Administrators Questionnaire (RMSSADsQ) was used for data collection. Copies of the questionnaire were given to the experts to rate the appropriateness of the proposed strategies and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. 2.50 was used as the criterion mean which implies that any item with less than 2.50 mean score was not considered as a strategy. 30 out of the 33 items were adjudged appropriate as strategies for managing risks in sports. Based on the findings, the researchers therefore recommend that sports administrators should adopt or adapt the formulated risk management strategies in order to enhance effective handling of risks in sports in their various sports councils and organizations.

A Study of the Administration of Sports Councils and Their Effects on the Performance of Athletes in Nigeria

A Study of the Administration of Sports Councils and Their Effects on the Performance of Athletes in Nigeria

Sex, sport and money: voice, choice and distributive justice in England, Scotland and Wales

ABSTRACTThe three British Sports Councils are instrumental in developing the policy landscape for sport and physical education (PE). They aspire to equality between the sexes in ‘sport and physical recreation’ (SPR), in keeping with their Royal Charters [Sport England. (1996/2009). Royal Charter of English Sports Council (Sport England). Retrieved from https://www.sportengland.org/media/10309/consolidated-royal-charter.pdf; Sport Scotland. (1996). The Royal Charter for the Scottish Sports Council. Retrieved from http://www.sportscotland.org.uk/sportscotland/Documents/Resources/sportscotlandRoyalCharter.pdf; Sport Wales. (1997). The Royal Charter of the Sports Council for Wales. Retrieved from http://sport.wales/media/128780/royal%20charter.doc] and the Equality Act [HM Government. (2010). Equality Act 2010. London: TSO. Retrieved from http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/pdfs/ukpga_20100015_en.pdf]. As public bodies they are committed to eliminating direct and indirect discrimination in provision, and advancing equality. One of their main functions is the distribution of public money, and all collect participation data detailing the different SPR choices of the sexes. These are primary planning tools in the three home countries. This paper investigates whether equality in relation to sex is considered a ‘first-order’ question of distributive justice for the Councils. Therefore, the funding awarded to the top SPR preferences by sex for each Country is presented. Defining SPR determines eligibility for funding and the boundaries of the SPR infrastructure which influences and interfaces with sport, school sport and PE. Consequently, critical feminist political and economic theory is used to evaluate the Councils’ framing of SPR and equality in relation to sex. Male preferences are disproportionately grant-aided leaving those of females significantly under-funded. Although the remit of the Councils is ‘sport and physical recreation’ this is usually reframed by them as ‘sport’. Equality is generally considered a second-order question of justice, and outsourced to national governing bodies of sport. Further dance, one of the most popular female SPR activities for girls, has not, until 2016, been designated as SPR in England and has been ineligible for funding. These policies suggest indirect discrimination against women and girls who disproportionately prefer physical recreation and dance to competitive sport. Therefore, the Sports Councils and/or overarching government departments may not be fulfilling their legal requirements under the Equality Act.

LEADERSHIP STYLES AND STAFF PERFORMANCE IN SPORTS ORGANIZATIONS

This study examined leadership styles and staff performance in sports organizations. Five hundred and thirty two management staff were purposively selected from five states Sports Councils. The “ Management Staff Response Questionnaire ” (MSRQ) was administered to measure the level of performance of staff of the councils, identify the leadership styles in operation and the extent to which leadership styles enhanced performance of the staff of the councils. The leadership styles most often used by leaders of the councils were autocratic, democratic and pseudo-democratic. The finding also revealed that, there was a high level of job performance of Sports Councils’ staff of South-eastern Nigeria and that leadership styles significantly influenced the job performance of staff. The study concluded that among the several organizational factors which could enhance job performance of Sports Council workers, the style employed by the leader of the Sports Council most of the time play a significant role. Article visualizations:

The impact of administration and sports programme implementation on the achievement of sports council at the 17th national sports Festival competition: a case study of rivers state sports council

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of sports programme implementation by sports administrators as to achieve success. This study examined the impact of administration and sports programme implementation on the achievement of Rivers State Sports Councils at the 17th National Sports Festival competition. The descriptive survey research design was employed for this study. Incidental sampling technique was used to select 260 sports men/women, coaches, organizing secretaries, management staff, and stadium attendants from Rivers State sports council, who severed as subjects for this study. An adapted self designed questionnaire made up of simple questions was used for data collection. The collected data was subjected to chi-square analysis based on the two stated hypotheses. The results of the findings showed that administration of sports has significant effect on the achievement of Rivers State Sports Council at the 17th National Sport Festival with a c2 value of 8.90. The cross tabulation of chi-square value of 9.00 obtained, showed that Rivers State sports council programme implementation at the 17th National sports festival was highly significant. Based on this two results of the findings, it was concluded that Rivers State sports council has a sound administration and excellent pattern of programme implementation. It was recommended, among other things that, qualified and adequate coaches/organizing secretaries and athletes should be recruited for training and more programme planning. Key words: Programme implementation, achievement, sports festivals, sports council, sports commission.

THE IT'S NOT OK CAMPAIGN: CREATING CHANGE TO END FAMILY VIOLENCE IN NEW ZEALAND

BackgroundA primary prevention and social change approach is needed to address high rates of family violence in New Zealand and create safe communities and families.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe national ‘It's not OK’ campaign...

The Evaluation of the Degree of Applying Risk Management Behaviors among Sports Councils in East of Iran

The aim of this study is to determine the degree of applying risk management behaviors among managers and directors of sports councils in Khorasan province which is located in the east of Iran. The method was descriptive-analytic, and conducted on all the managers and directors of sports councils. The samples was included 126 managers and directors of sports councils in Khorasan who had been working in the East area (Khorasan). The questionnaire (risk management, Aeron. 2004) was used and Cronbach Alpha was .87 which was satisfactory. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Kruskal Wallis H, Kendall & Pearson), have been used in data analysis. The findings of the research showed that there isn’t any meaningful relationship between levels of education, the employment status, coaching status and risk management behaviors, while there was meaningful relationship between field of education)p? 0.006), coaching experience(p?0.033, r=0.185), managing experience(p?0.001, r= 0.260) and risk management behaviors. As a whole we can say that the level of performance of risk management behaviors among the sports councils in Kuhorsan province has a desirable condition. It was also found that staff directors performed risk management behaviors better than line directors.

Relationship between organisational climate and effectiveness of state sports councils in Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to examine the climate prevalent in state sports councils (SSCs) in Nigeria and its relationship to organisational effectiveness. The secondary purpose was to examine the influence of selected demographic variables of age, educational level, status, and experience on organisational climate. Discussion about organisational climate revolves around the perceived properties found in the work environment (Downey, 1998). These presumably affect subsequent behaviour of the employees, achievement of organisational goals, andconsequently organisational effectiveness (Zammnto, 1996). Productivity and goal achievement are means to effectiveness (Chelladurai & Haggerty, 1991; Weese, 1997). Three categories of sports directors-directors of sports, deputy directors of sports, and assistant directors of sportsmadeup the sample size of 328 and represented 88.6% of the total population across all the 37 SSCs. The modified Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire (Haplin & Croft, 1962) and the Perceived Organisational Effectiveness Index (Branch Jr., 1990) were used in data collection at the various venues of the zonal preliminaries of the 15th National Sports Festival. Results revealed that organisational climate is related to organisational effectiveness (r=0.5; p < 0.05 at df 35). One way analysis of variance revealed significant influences of age (F, 2.95; p < 0.05) and experience (F=3.82; p < 0.05), while there were no significant influences ofeducational level (F= 0.11; p > 0.05) and status (F = 1.20; p > 0.05) on organisational climate. Findings suggest that SSCs should create a climate that is conducive for employee commitment to work, increased productivity and goal achievement which are means to effectiveness of the councils. Also the management of the SSCs must consider the age and experience of employees when putting in place necessary properties for their work environment.Key words: Organisational climate, effectiveness, sports council.

Nutrition and sport

Nutrition and sport

Conducting an exercise consultation: Guidelines for health professionals

AbstractResearch in the UK reveals that levels of physical activity in various age groups across the population remain low. It is reported that around 75% of the adult population fail to reach the levels of physical activity which have been suggested by the American College of Sports Medicine as a minimum to achieve a health benefit. Individual interventions have tended to focus on a high profile, technology based form of intervention, namely fitness ‘testing’ or assessment. Agencies involved in health related exercise promotion, for example health boards, leisure services and sports councils, have tended to invest heavily in this approach and yet this form of intervention has little if any data to support its effectiveness in changing behaviour.The authors present exercise consultation as an alternative method of one to one intervention in a health promotion setting which does not involve physical testing or measurement. This paper reviews current literature surrounding exercise consultation and suggests...