Sports Council Research Articles

School and Family Environment is Positively Associated with Extracurricular Physical Activity Practice among 8 to 16 Years Old School Boys and Girls.

Extracurricular physical activity in children and adolescents can help achieve compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for physical activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors in school and family environments of children and adolescents in Spain that could be related to the practice of extracurricular physical activity. Multistage random cluster sampling was conducted to include 128 schools with the participation of 10,096 students between the ages of 7 and 16. Participants completed the survey of sports habits designed by the National Sports Council. The results revealed a higher participation in extracurricular sports activities among boys (OR: 1.67 (1.5–1.9)) and students in primary education (up to 12 years old) (OR: 1.8 (1.7–2.0)). Likewise, a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.005) was observed between families where another family member practiced sports and lower number of screen time hours, improved academic performance, and better self-perceived health. Participation of children and adolescents in extracurricular sports activities seems to be associated with their immediate environment. It is therefore essential to emphasize the importance of establishing physical activity habits from an early age in family and school environments.

Strategic management failures in the pursuit of community sport development in a local sports council

ABSTRACT Rationale/purpose: This case study examined how board members’ actions, experiences, and priorities influenced the strategic management process related to the pursuit of community sport development in a local sports council. Design/methodology/approach: The study incorporates interviews, document analysis, and active-member researcher observations with stakeholder theory to provide insight from multiple stakeholders into the role of the board of directors in the strategic management process. Findings: Despite good intentions, the Council was not able to effectively utilize a strategic management process to foster community sport development due to unrealized stakeholder buy-in to the Council's philosophy, reduced board collaboration, and strong self-interest driving an agenda towards particular strategic issues. Practical implications: Recommendations are provided for navigating the challenges of strategizing for community sport development. Research contribution: The findings offer a critical perspective on the role of board of directors in the strategic management process and the challenges associated with using strategic management for the pursuit of community sport development.

Epidemiology Of Sudden Death In Organized School Sports In Japan

There are approximately three-million four-hundred thousand registered student athletes in middle and high school in Japan. Despite a large number of participants, health and safety policies for student athletes in Japan are at its infancy and there is paucity of data-driven policies to reduce catastrophic and fatal injuries from sports. PURPOSE: Describe the epidemiology of sudden death in organized school sports in Japan. METHODS: Data submitted to Japan Sport Council (JSC) Injury and Accident Mutual Aid Benefit System between 2005-2016 were retrieved from JSC website for analysis (n=1,137). Case information on fatal incidents occurred during organized school sports in middle and high school students were extracted for further analysis (n=198). Descriptive statistics related to information about activity type, sex, sport, diagnosis, and presence of on-site trained medical personnel were calculated using frequency and proportion. Sudden death incidence rates were expressed per 100,000 athlete-years and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Fatalities were reported in practice (n=120/198, 60.6%), scrimmage (n=16/198, 8.1%), game (n=10/198, 5.1%), training camp (n=16/198, 8.1%), and other (n=36/198, 18.2%). The average incidence rate of sport related fatality was 0.39 death per 100,000 athlete-years (95% CI= 0.31-0.47). Most fatalities were in male student athletes (n=149/162, 92%), which yielded to 7.5 times greater fatality rate in male than female student athletes (male, 0.60 death per 100,000 athlete-years, 95% CI= 0.46-0.73; female, 0.08 death per 100,000 athlete-years, 95% CI= 0.03-0.13). Baseball (n=25/162, 15.4%), judo (n=24/162, 14.8%), soccer/futsal (n=20/162, 12.3%), and basketball (n=18/162, 11.1%) accounted for 53.7% of fatalities. Sudden cardiac death (n=68/162, 42.0%), head trauma (n=32/162, 19.8%), and heat related injury (n=25/162, 15.4%) were the top three diagnosis of fatality. Only three cases (2%) reported of having trained medical personnel on-site at the time of incident. CONCLUSIONS: Sports-related fatality among Japanese student athletes was highest in male baseball players during practice due to sudden cardiac death. Almost no incidents had trained medical personnel on-site at the time of catastrophic injuries during school organized athletics in Japan.

COACHES’ REQUIRED LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ATHLETES’ MOTIVATION IN TEAM SPORTS, ADAMAWA STATE SPORTS COUNCIL, NIGERIA

The study was assessed relationship between coaches’ required leadership style and athletes’ motivation in selected team sports in Adamawa State Sports Council, Nigeria. Correlational design was used for the study. The population for the study comprised all the male and female programme athletes in team sports of basketball, football, handball and volleyball in Adamawa State Sports Council, Nigeria. One hundred and eight copies of questionnaires were administered but only one hundred and four copies of questionnaires were well completed making 96.3% return rate. Purposive sampling technique was used to select one hundred and eight athletes that make the first and second teams of each of the four sports of basketball, football, handball and volleyball in Adamawa State Sports Council, Nigeria. Two instruments were adopted, modified and used for the study. The first was the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) used to determine coaches’ leadership styles. The second was the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) utilized to measure athletes’ motivation in team sports. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage) was used to analyze the demographic information of the respondents and research questions while inferential statistics (Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient) was utilized to test the research hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed that coaches’ required leadership style is significant to athletes’ motivation in team sports of basketball, football, handball and volleyball in Adamawa State Sports Council, Nigeria. Therefore, the following recommended that coaches should be mindful of situational consideration and type of leadership style they employ or use to coach their teams. Article visualizations:

시도체육회 사업분석 및 사업 재정립 연구

시도체육회 사업분석 및 사업 재정립 연구

지방체육회 자율성 확보와 재정 자립 기반 조성을 위한 법 제도 개선 방안

지방체육회 자율성 확보와 재정 자립 기반 조성을 위한 법 제도 개선 방안

Monitoring 2011–2020 Traffic Patterns in Wuhan (China) with COSMO-SkyMed SAR, Amidst the 7th CISM Military World Games and COVID-19 Outbreak

Vehicle detection from satellite imagery can support different applications, such as security and situational awareness. In the civilian domain, it can provide quantitative evidence to investigate urban mobility and traffic patterns in cities. Satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can help in detecting vehicles in (almost) all weather conditions and during the day and night. In this study, the capability of SAR StripMap imaging mode data to monitor traffic is analyzed using the case study of Wuhan, China. In ordinary times, the bridges crossing the Yangtze river are the key infrastructure allowing for urban mobility in Wuhan. More recently, the city has been the first in the world to be put in lockdown due to the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Using a very long time series of 294 COSMO-SkyMed StripMap HIMAGE mode scenes collected from 2011 to 2020, we detected vehicles on seven bridges, estimated their speed, and analyzed the traffic pattern over time. Vehicles are detected based on their azimuth shift caused by their across-track motion. Our goal is to monitor the variations in traffic instead of single-car detection. The results from 2011 to 2019 show a general increase in the number of vehicles crossing the bridges, as new infrastructure was built over the years. Variations in detected vehicle numbers were especially found during the two events of the 7th International Military Sports Council (CISM) Military World Games in October 2019, and the COVID-19 lockdown in early 2020. These events were therefore used for internal validation of our assessment of traffic patterns. On the other side, TomTom traffic index data were used for external validation. The results and their comparison with TomTom data prove the effectiveness of our method in detecting traffic patterns, but also demonstrate that mostly large vehicles (e.g., trucks or buses) are detected. Future work should be carried out to improve the detection rate of smaller vehicles.

Interpersonal Relationship and Staff Development Programmes as Indices of Job Satisfaction among the Service Providers of Oyo State Sports Council (OYSSC), Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to find out if interpersonal relationship and staff development programmes were indices of job satisfaction among the service providers of Oyo State Sports Council (OYSSC). For the purpose of this study, two research hypotheses were proposed. The study was delimited to the entire service providers of OYSSC, the independent variables of interpersonal relationship and staff development programmes, dependent variable of job satisfaction, descriptive survey research design, self-developed, validated and closed-ended modified Likert type questionnaire as the only instrument for data collection, judgmental sampling technique and 4- trained and tested research assistants who were employed to administer the instrument to, and retrieve them from the respondents. The inferential statistics of chi-square (X2), set at 0.05 confidence level was used to test the hypotheses under study. Consequent upon the findings of this study, it was therefore concluded that; interpersonal relationship and staff development were indices of job satisfaction among the service providers of OYSSC. Sequel to the findings, it was therefore recommended among others that; OYSSC sports council management should encourage the development of close and mutually satisfying relationship among the staff, continue to allow the staff to work as a group or team in a desired direction towards achieving the establishment's goals, continue to provide means for staff professional skills development and provide more training opportunities for their staff to develop as professionals.

한국스포츠조직의 자기생산체계: 통합체육회를 중심으로

이 연구는 사회적 체계의 복잡성과 그로 인해 발생되는 문제 해결을 위해 새로운 해석을 제시한 루만의 체계이론에 기초하여 한국스포츠조직체계의 자기생산과정과 그 과정에서 발생되는 오류를 종합적으로 분석하여 향후 한국스포츠조직체계의 발전적 방향과 대안을 제시하는데 목적을 두고 수행되었다. 이러한 연구목적 달성을 위해 질적 연구방법을 활용하여 연구를 진행하였다. 연구대상은 준거표집과 눈덩이 표집을 활용하여 통합체육회 근무자 3인과 통합지역체육회 근무자 3인으로 총 6명을 선정하였다. 자료 수집은 심층면담, 문헌조사, 언론보도 등 다양한 자료 수집원을 통해 이루어졌으며, 수집된 자료는 루만의 체계이론에 기초한 질적 내용분석방법을 통해 분석하였다. 이러한 과정을 통해 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국스포츠조직체계를 이끄는 주도적 코드는 전문체육지향코드와 지속불가능성코드로 도출되었다. 둘째, 주도적 코드에 가치를 부여하는 프로그램은 화학적 문화융합, 예산의 비(非)코드화, 구조·기능적 모순으로 도출되었다. 셋째, 한국스포츠조직체계의 후속 커뮤니케이션을 연결하는 매개체는 전통적 권위주의, 사회적 이슈, 양화(量化)된 스포츠가치로 도출되었다. 이처럼 한국스포츠조직체계는 프로그램 측면의 일부 긍정적 변화를 제외하고, 통합체육회의 목적과 가치에 부합하는 주도적 코드, 프로그램, 커뮤니케이션 매체를 합리적으로 재생산하지 못함으로써 통합체육회 출범 이전의 조직체계와 큰 차이를 생산해내지 못하는 것으로 확인되었다.

한국스포츠조직의 자기생산체계: 통합체육회를 중심으로

이 연구는 사회적 체계의 복잡성과 그로 인해 발생되는 문제 해결을 위해 새로운 해석을 제시한 루만의 체계이론에 기초하여 한국스포츠조직체계의 자기생산과정과 그 과정에서 발생되는 오류를 종합적으로 분석하여 향후 한국스포츠조직체계의 발전적 방향과 대안을 제시하는데 목적을 두고 수행되었다. 이러한 연구목적 달성을 위해 질적 연구방법을 활용하여 연구를 진행하였다. 연구대상은 준거표집과 눈덩이 표집을 활용하여 통합체육회 근무자 3인과 통합지역체육회 근무자 3인으로 총 6명을 선정하였다. 자료 수집은 심층면담, 문헌조사, 언론보도 등 다양한 자료 수집원을 통해 이루어졌으며, 수집된 자료는 루만의 체계이론에 기초한 질적 내용분석방법을 통해 분석하였다. 이러한 과정을 통해 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국스포츠조직체계를 이끄는 주도적 코드는 전문체육지향코드와 지속불가능성코드로 도출되었다. 둘째, 주도적 코드에 가치를 부여하는 프로그램은 화학적 문화융합, 예산의 비(非)코드화, 구조·기능적 모순으로 도출되었다. 셋째, 한국스포츠조직체계의 후속 커뮤니케이션을 연결하는 매개체는 전통적 권위주의, 사회적 이슈, 양화(量化)된 스포츠가치로 도출되었다. 이처럼 한국스포츠조직체계는 프로그램 측면의 일부 긍정적 변화를 제외하고, 통합체육회의 목적과 가치에 부합하는 주도적 코드, 프로그램, 커뮤니케이션 매체를 합리적으로 재생산하지 못함으로써 통합체육회 출범 이전의 조직체계와 큰 차이를 생산해내지 못하는 것으로 확인되었다.

통합체육회 체제의 충북도민체육대회 미래전망: 델파이 기법 적용

통합체육회 체제의 충북도민체육대회 미래전망: 델파이 기법 적용

Impact of Incentives on Perfromance of Sports Administrators and Athletes in Anambra State Sports Council

Impact of Incentives on Perfromance of Sports Administrators and Athletes in Anambra State Sports Council

Perspectivas y retos de la intervención e investigación en aprendizaje-servicio universitario en actividades físico-deportivas para la inclusión social

El presente monográfico, centrado en el aprendizaje-servicio (ApS) en el ámbito de las actividades físico-deportivas (AFD), pone el foco de atención en las desigualdades que todavía existen en el acceso de muchos colectivos vulnerados a la práctica de actividad física y deportiva. El objetivo de este texto inicial es presentar la creación de la “Red de Investigación en Aprendizaje-Servicio en Actividad Física y Deporte para la Inclusión Social” (RIADIS), bajo el amparo del Consejo Superior de Deportes. En el momento de su nacimiento RIADIS acoge a investigadoras e investigadores de diez universidades españolas que integran capacidades y recursos dirigidos hacia la excelencia docente e investigadora con el propósito de dialogar, encontrar respuestas, construir conocimientos y unirse en la búsqueda o creación de soluciones respecto a la AFD como herramienta para la inclusión social, en aras a lograr una sociedad más justa.

Who is the student athlete? Focusing on positioning in the campus unrest period in Japan

This study aims to clarify the process by which student athletes in Japan were socially classified during the period of campus unrest. To this end, a constructionist discourse analysis was conducted using newspaper and magazine articles, as well as materials published by the Japanese Ministry of Education. This analysis revealed two key factors in this social construction process: first, there was public concern regarding the thuggery exhibited by student athletes during the campus unrest period; second, there was public concern regarding the semi-professionalisation of student athletes during the subsequent university reforms. These factors engendered the perception of student athletes as thuggish and disinterested in their studies, which in turn negatively affected the activities and organisational structures of varsity teams. Eventually, this perception prompted student athletes to be dubbed ‘sport council types’ (taiikukai-kei), solidifying their social classification as a special category distinct from regular students.

Common Coaching Leadership Style and Leadership Practice Differences between Team Athletes in Kuala Lumpur School Sports Council (MSSWPKL)

The purpose of this research conducted was to identify the common popular leadership style and leadership practices differences between teams athlete in Kuala Lumpur School Sports Council (MSSWPKL). 50 respondants from various teams athletes of MSSWPKL which comprise of 30 male and 20 female athletes were selected. The research methodology utilized series of questionnaire which was based on Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) developed by Chelladurai and Saleh (1978; 1980). The questionnaire consists of 5 dimension styles of coaching which are a) Practice and Instructional Dimension, b) Democratic Dimension, c) Autocratic Dimension, d) Social Support Dimension, 5) Positive Feedback Dimension. Independent T-Test statistical inferencing analysis is use to analyses the data. Findings indicate that there are no significant differences between genders preferences for the entire coaching dimension in MSSWPKL. The findings also identified practice and instructional dimension is preferred by the athletes in MSSWPKL.

Sex Disparities in Receipt of Bystander Interventions for Students Who Experienced Cardiac Arrest in Japan

Bystander interventions are a factor for improving survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but it is hypothesized that girls and women experiencing OHCA may be less likely to receive bystander interventions than boys and men. To investigate sex disparities in receiving public-access automated external defibrillator (AED) pad application and bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among students who experienced OHCA in school settings. This nationwide cohort study used the Stop and Prevent Cardiac Arrest, Injury, and Trauma in Schools (SPIRITS) database to link databases from 2 nationally representative registries-the Injury and Accident Mutual Aid Benefit System of the Japan Sport Council and the All-Japan Utstein Registry of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency. Students from elementary schools (ages 6-12 years), junior high schools (ages 12-15 years), high schools (ages 15-21 years), and technical colleges (ages 15-21 years) who experienced nontraumatic OHCA involving attempted resuscitation by emergency medical service personnel or bystanders in school settings from April 1, 2008, to December 31, 2015, were included. Data analysis was performed from January 5, 2019, to April 11, 2019. Sex and school level. Application of public-access AED pads or initiation of CPR by a bystander. A total of 232 students who experienced OHCA with nontraumatic causes in school settings (mean [SD] age, 14.5 [2.9] years; 175 [75.4%] male) were included. In multivariable analysis of the full cohort of students who experienced OHCA, female sex was associated with significantly lower odds of receiving public-access AED pad application compared with male sex (36 of 57 female students [63.2%] received AED pad application vs 141 of 175 male students [80.6%]; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.44; 95% CI, 0.20-0.97; P = .04). In the subgroup analysis of students who experienced OHCA in high schools or technical schools, female sex was associated with significantly lower odds of receiving public-access AED pad application compared with male sex (10 of 18 female students [55.6%] vs 84 of 101 male students [83.2%]; adjusted OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.08-0.87; P = .03). Among the full cohort, 48 of 57 female students (84.2%) and 151 of 175 male students (86.3%) received CPR from bystanders (adjusted OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.30-2.22), and there were no significant differences in receiving bystander-initiated CPR between sexes, irrespective of school level. Among students who experienced OHCA in schools in Japan, female sex was associated with lower odds of receiving public-access AED pad application compared with male sex.

Modern Weightlifting and Emerging Communities of Malayan and Singaporean Weightlifters during Pre-Second World War and Post-War British Colonial Rule, 1900s–1959: Competing in the Asian Games, Empire and Commonwealth Games, and Olympic Games

British Malaya consisted the Straits Settlements (Penang, Malacca, and Singapore), Federated Malay States (Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan, and Pahang), and the Unfederated Malay States (Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan, Trengganu, and Johore). This study attempts to document the development of weightlifting into two periods. During the first period of the early twentiethcentury the wealthy Straits Chinese community promoted weightlifting in the Penisula. As the Malayan economy grew and produced a working class population, the other Chinese and Malay communities set up clubs to practice weightlifting. The Singapore Amateur Weight Lifting Federation (SAWLF) was founded in 1934 to organize competitions according to the British Amateur Weight Lifting Association (BAWLA) regulations. In 1936 a Chinese weightlifter represented China at the 1936 Olympic Games. The second period occurred after the Japanese occupation (1942–1945). Singapore was separated from the rest of British Malaya in 1946. The Singapore Olympic and Sports Council (SOSC) was established in 1947. The Federation of Malaya Olympic Council was founded in 1953 and Malayan Amateur Weight Lifting Federation (MAWLF) in 1955. The Malayan and Singapore weightlifters competed separately at the Asian Games, Empire and Commonwealth Games, and the Olympic Games. Later, Malaya and Singapore became independent states in 1957 and 1959.

Una experiencia en deporte inclusivo: el evento final

El deporte inclusivo es una herramienta facilitadora de la inclusión de alumnos con discapacidad en Educación Física. Su práctica debe promover interacciones de calidad entre los alumnos con y sin discapacidad. El programa educativo Deporte Inclusivo en la Escuela consiste en una serie de actividades y recursos didácticos, dirigidos especialmente a alumnos y profesores de Educación Física, que buscan la participación activa de sus alumnos en las actividades deportivas inclusivas desde un planteamiento educativo en un ambiente motivador y ameno.

Bicuspid aortic valve behaviour in elite athletes.

To determine the prevalence and characteristics of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) among elite athletes and to analyse the effect of long-term exercise training on their aortas. Consecutive BAV and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) elite athletes from a population of 5136 athletes evaluated at the Sports Medicine Center of the Spanish National Sports Council were identified using echocardiography. A total of 41 BAV elite athletes were matched with 41 TAV elite athletes, and 41 BAV non-athletic patients from three Spanish tertiary hospitals. Sixteen BAV elite athletes who had undergone at least two cardiac evaluations separated by more than 3 years were selected to assess their clinical course. The prevalence of BAV in elite athletes was 0.8%. The proximal ascending aorta was larger for both BAV groups in comparison to TAV athletes (P = 0.001). No differences in aortic diameters were found between BAV athletes and BAV non-athletes. In BAV elite athletes, the annual growth rates for aortic annulus, sinuses of Valsalva, sinotubular junction, and proximal ascending aorta were 0.04 ± 0.24, 0.11 ± 0.59, 0.14 ± 0.38, and 0.21 ± 0.44 mm/year, respectively. Aortic regurgitation was the only functional abnormality, but no significant progression was found. High-intensity training and sports competition may not aggravate BAV condition during elite athletes' careers. BAV elite athletes with mild-to-moderately dilated aortas may engage in high dynamic cardiovascular exercise without adverse consequences, although an echocardiographic follow-up is recommended.

Barbarians, Bridge Builders, and Boycott: The British Sports Council’s Fact-Finding Mission to South Africa

In January 1980, four representatives of the British Sports Council began a fact-finding mission in South Africa to assess whether or not the apartheid nation had taken significant steps towards social and racial equality in its sports culture. The Council published its conclusions in a long and detailed document. Although the report unreservedly ‘condemned’ apartheid, it indicated that South African sport was experiencing increasing levels of integration. The Sports Council’s work, and the public discourse it generated in Britain, helped to clarify two important issues. First, any changes South Africa might have made or would make to its sporting infrastructure were, by 1980, almost completely irrelevant as a strategy to end isolation. The global coalition behind the boycott – under pressure from the anti-apartheid movement, African states, and the communist bloc – would only sanction South Africa’s readmission if apartheid per se ceased to exist. Second, any investigation or recommendation vis-a-vis South Africa’s isolation made by Britain alone lacked credibility. With a history of consistently flouting the boycott, anti-apartheid activists viewed Britain as a ‘weak link’ in the chain. Britain could contribute to the maintenance of South Africa’s isolation, but on its own could not end it.