Sports Clothing Research Articles

Does Chemically Treated Sports Clothing Improve Thermoregulation, Comfort and Performance During Exercise in the Heat?

Does Chemically Treated Sports Clothing Improve Thermoregulation, Comfort and Performance During Exercise in the Heat?

Epithelial barrier theory in the context of nutrition and environmental exposure in athletes.

Exposure to toxic substances, introduced into our daily lives during industrialization and modernization, can disrupt the epithelial barriers in the skin, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems, leading to microbial dysbiosis and inflammation. Athletes and physically active individuals are at increased risk of exposure to agents that damage the epithelial barriers and microbiome, and their extreme physical exercise exerts stress on many organs, resulting in tissue damage and inflammation. Epithelial barrier-damaging substances include surfactants and enzymes in cleaning products, laundry and dishwasher detergents, chlorine in swimming pools, microplastics, air pollutants such as ozone, particulate matter, and diesel exhaust. Athletes' high-calorie diet often relies on processed foods that may contain food emulsifiers and other additives that may cause epithelial barrier dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis. The type of the material used in the sport equipment and clothing and their extensive exposure may increase the inflammatory effects. Excessive travel-related stress, sleep disturbances and different food and microbe exposure may represent additional factors. Here, we review the detrimental impact of toxic agents on epithelial barriers and microbiome; bring a new perspective on the factors affecting the health and performance of athletes and physically active individuals.

Modern material and technical support of the educational and training process in rowing at the stage of basic training

The article examines modern views on the training of rowing athletes, as well as the importance of using modern technical means in the training process. As a result of the literature analysis, it was found that when working with rowers at the stage of basic training, insufficient attention is paid to the operational analysis of information obtained during the training process. The relevance of this study is also due to the fact that the issue of the possibility of using modern technical means and portable devices by rowing athletes has not been covered in the scientific literature. The purpose of the work was to determine which technical means are used by rowers in the training process and to determine their priority in the opinion of the athletes themselves. The article describes the results of a questionnaire about the use of material and technical means and equipment in the training process of rowers aged 14-16 at the stage of basic training. It was found that the priority element of the training process according to the rowers is the material and technical base, namely: a gym, a modern paddle and special sports clothes. At the same time, the vast majority of respondents said they would like to be able to train with modern technical equipment such as wearables and GPS. Information from portable devices makes it possible to analyze the capabilities and physiological characteristics of athletes. This helps the athlete and coach to receive automatic feedback on how to improve personal results and prevent injuries. The use of portable devices in combination with modern inventory requires further research. In the future, we plan to develop a training program for rowers 14-16 y.o. with the use of portable devices in the training process.

Application of graphene nanoparticles in sports clothing for enhancing moisture absorption, breathability, wear resistance, and antimicrobial properties

Carbon nanomaterials, with their exceptional properties, exhibit promising potential in the textile industry. In this study, we prepare sports clothing containing graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) for college physical education (PE) teachers and investigate its performance such as moisture absorption, breathability, wear resistance, and antimicrobial properties. The results showed that the moisture absorption rate and air permeability of the sports clothing containing GNPs were significantly superior (31.3% and 203.5 mm/s respectively) compared to conventional sports clothing. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that the sports clothing containing GNPs has excellent wear-resistance and antimicrobial properties. In conclusion, these findings suggest that GNPs can enhance performance in sportswear, which not only provides university physical education instructors with high-quality and durable athletic gear but also offers novel insights into the sports equipment industry.

Extraction and Characterization of Dracaena fragrans Leaf Fibre

Textile industries have recently become prevalent environmental pollutants as a result of natural inconsistencies and resource scarcity. As a remedy, using natural fibres for textile production is strongly encouraged. Dracaena fragrans is an Ethiopian plant with lingo-cellulosic fibres that can be used for textile applications. This study focuses on the extraction and characterization of Ethiopian Dracaena fragrans leaf fibre and evaluates its application in the textile industry. For fibre extraction, water, 10% NaOH, 1% H2O2, EDTA di (with 1.5% and 1%, respectively), 0.2% pectinase (presoak), 0.05% alpha-amylase (for 24 hours, 18 hours, and 12 hours retting), and 5% gel retting methods were utilized. Subsequently, the properties of extracted fibre, mainly fibre length, fineness, tenacity, elongation at break, and degree of whiteness, were evaluated. Longer fibres (46 ± 0.74 cm) were obtained by pectinase retting. Comparatively, finer (11.22 ± 0.64 dtex) fibres were obtained by the water retting method. Fibre with the best tenacity (54.51 ± 0.61, 53.54 ± 0.60, and 52.53 ± 0.61) was obtained by EDTA di (1%), 5% gel retting and water retting methods respectively. On the other hand, higher elongation at break (7.28 ± 0.78%) was obtained by 0.05% alpha-amylase retting with a retting time of 24 hours. And finally, the best fibre whiteness (w* = 71) was obtained by 1% H2O2 retting. Long fibres obtained by the pectinase retting method can be used for the production of packaging sacks and hessians. Fibres obtained by the water retting method can be used for the production of linen fabrics such as lace and sheeting. On the other hand, high-tenacity fibres extracted using (1%) EDTA di retting and 5% gel retting methods can be used for the production of cloths, bags, and shoes. Finally, a highly extensible fibre extracted using α-amylase (24 hours retting) can be used for the production of sports clothes.

TRIBOLOGY OF HUMAN METABOLISM BASED ON SKINLUBRICATION

Human lifespan has been an exciting field and subject of many studies carried out by geriatric biomechanicsspecialists. They believe metabolic rather than chronological age determines healthy and active longevity.The issues of human Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and Metabolic Age (MA) form a new sub-domain ofbiotribology, where human health and limb function are indirectly related to the human living skin tissuelubricated with sweat during a motion of the inorganic surface of tight-fitting underwear (sports clothing).A biohydromechanic cooperation described this way significantly impacts a human’s training activity,including but not limited to their limb function, and is finally related to human sweat’s dynamic viscosity.In the summary, the article presents new biotribological studies to emphasise the complexity of direct andindirect synergistic impacts contributing to the change in the Basal Metabolic Rate and Metabolic Age valuesand their use in health science, sports and physiotherapy.

Athletes' performance increasing techniques through application of aesthetics procedures

Sport performance is the way in which sport participation is measured. It has different aspects, each of which has a number of subcategories. Apart from these, there are some additional elements that are important in the training process, such as nutrition, meal time and supplements, maintaining a healthy weight, hydration, rest and recovery, satisfying body image and well-being. Aesthetician/Cosmetologist can be among the professionals who can be important for the positive outcome of the training process. Massage, sauna, and cryotherapy are some methods which can be used by athletes for recovering as quickly as possible and to be able for best performance for long periods of time. Electrotherapy can be used for the improvement of strength, speed, physical condition and maximum endurance and can increase the ability of red blood cells to deform and absorb more oxygen improving strength in high performance exercise. Electrotherapy and microcurrent have positive effects on body composition by burning fat. Additionally, depilation in sports, is recommended for a variety of reasons including body appearance, improving hydrodynamics and aerodynamics by decrease resistance, the easier putting on sports clothes, cleaning of wounds, easier massage to relax and regenerate muscles and better heat dissipation through the skin.

Role of Bamboo Fabric in Sports Clothing

In the recent era of development, the global market for sportswear textile manufacturing industries has increased in consumption of active sportswear. The performance characteristics of active sportswear directly influence comfort level and athletic performance during sports activities. Different types of sportswear products require different performance characteristics. Appropriate moisture and heat management are the key factors for the endowment of the required physiological comfort level. In highly engineered textile-based sports goods, special characteristics are incorporated in the polymer/fibers/product manufacturing procedures/finishing techniques to obtain the maximum performance and comfort level. The fashion world is constantly seeking new, natural, eco–friendly textile materials. India, after China, is the second richest country in bamboo genetic resources a novel textile material. The bamboo (rayon) fabric was tested for fiber and fabric properties assessing that the sourced fabric was within the minimum expected performance standards. Acceptability and suitability by retailers and sportspersons through another survey was gathered. The use of bamboo knits for sportswear was well accepted showing a high potential for bamboo knitwear in the market. Incorporation of wider color range and surface embellishments will enhance the appearance of sportswear adding more variety.

Textile Fibres and its Impression on Sports Outfit

The sports and associated industries rely deeply on textiles. Active sports clothing is commonly made from a variety of natural and synthetic fibres, including cotton, wool, polyester, and nylon. The term “textile” is always supported in a variety of sports to enhance the performance of the athlete and sportsman. Researchers have begun developing a various apparels including swimsuit that quickly prevents water without exhausting the swimmer’s vitality, suit constructed of modified polyesters for racers and cycle riders that improves performance without diminishing energy.

E-Textiles for Sports and Fitness Sensing: Current State, Challenges, and Future Opportunities.

E-textiles have emerged as a fast-growing area in wearable technology for sports and fitness due to the soft and comfortable nature of textile materials and the capability for smart functionality to be integrated into familiar sports clothing. This review paper presents the roles of wearable technologies in sport and fitness in monitoring movement and biosignals used to assess performance, reduce injury risk, and motivate training/exercise. The drivers of research in e-textiles are discussed after reviewing existing non-textile and textile-based commercial wearable products. Different sensing components/materials (e.g., inertial measurement units, electrodes for biosignals, piezoresistive sensors), manufacturing processes, and their applications in sports and fitness published in the literature were reviewed and discussed. Finally, the paper presents the current challenges of e-textiles to achieve practical applications at scale and future perspectives in e-textiles research and development.

A New Device (3D-MMD) and Method for Measuring Moisture Management Properties of Textiles

ABSTRACT Today, expectations from textile products have increased and the comfort features of clothes have gained more importance, especially for leisure and sports clothes. Therefore, the liquid moisture transmission of clothes is quite important, which has a significant effect on the body's ability to cool itself and the user's feeling cold after sweating. A new test instrument “3D-MMD” (3 Dimension Moisture Mapping Device), that measures the liquid moisture transmission feature of the fabrics in multidirection is introduced in this paper. The developed system includes two thermal cameras that allow measurement below and above of the sample. When the test liquid is dropped on the sample, the heat transfer occurs and due to the heat transfer during the transmission of moisture, the surface temperature of wetted and non-wetted parts of the fabric changes. This change is detected in the form of infrared data with the help of thermal cameras and converted into an electronic image. The wet area can be easily created by processing the images of the color visuals coming instantly from the thermal camera. The patent for this new method has been registered by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (TR2020/21004). Meanwhile, the international patent application process continues (PCT/TR2021/051223).

A novel method to produce sustainable wind resistant and water repellant fabric for outdoor sport clothing

Clothing production have adverse impact on the environment due to inefficient energy utilization during production processing, huge consumption of water and usage of harmful chemicals. Therefore, this work aims to develop a sustainable wind resistant and water repellant fabric through novel technology that reduces production processing steps for efficient energy consumption without compromising required functional performances without durable water repellency coatings (DWR) and application of fluorinated chemicals. This development aims to overcome the drawbacks associated with multiple production processing steps, hazardous chemicals, delamination, degradation, and reduction in vapor permeability due to adhesive layer, etc. In this work, the one-layer fabric was developed using polyester filament yarn on one surface and polyamide low melt yarn on another surface using plaited knitting technique. Further, the fabric was thermally processed at different conditions to create uniform barrier film through melting and flowing of polyamide yarns on fabric surface. The optimized and efficient thermal processing parameters were determined using Box-Behnken design as 120°C, 30 s and 0.5 MPa which yielded a fabric membrane with air permeability of 33.5 cm3/s/cm2, highest resistance to surface wetting with grade 5, exhibited hydrophobicity with water contact angle (WCA) of 120° and water vapor transmission rate of 875.7 (g/(m2·24 h)). Developed fabric also shows high abrasion resistant which would have increased clothing lifespan and comparable stiffness to commercially available wind stopper and water repellant fabrics.

Review of Waterproof Breathable Membranes: Preparation, Performance and Applications in the Textile Field.

Waterproof breathable membranes (WBMs) characterized by a specific internal structure, allowing air and water vapor to be transferred from one side to the other while preventing liquid water penetration, have attracted much attention from researchers. WBMs combine lamination and other technologies with textile materials to form waterproof breathable fabrics, which play a key role in outdoor sports clothing, medical clothing, military clothing, etc. Herein, a systematic overview of the recent progress of WBMs is provided, including the principles of waterproofness and breathability, common preparation methods and the applications of WBMs. Discussion starts with the waterproof and breathable mechanisms of two different membranes: hydrophilic non-porous membranes and hydrophobic microporous membranes. Then evaluation criteria and common preparation methods for WBMs are presented. In addition, treatment processes that promote water vapor transmission and prominent applications in the textile field are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of WBMs are also explored.

Making night-time pedestrians safer using innovative clothing designs

Night-time pedestrians, including recreational walkers and runners, remain at significant risk of being killed or seriously injured, because drivers often fail to see them in time to avoid a collision. Clothing incorporating retro-reflective markers on the moveable joints creates a visual perception of biological motion or “biomotion” which has been shown to improve night-time pedestrian conspicuity. This study investigated whether clothing with markings in the biomotion configuration retains its conspicuity if adapted to include thinner or patterned retro-reflective strips making it more acceptable to wear for recreational pedestrians. In a night-time closed road study, the relative conspicuity of pedestrians to 14 young drivers with normal vision (mean age 24.3 ± 3.1 years) was assessed for pedestrians wearing different thicknesses and patterns of biomotion strips and compared with typical clothing worn by night-time pedestrians, including commercially available sports clothing with retro-reflective elements, a fluorescent yellow top, and black clothing. Results showed that all the biomotion configurations resulted in significantly longer recognition distances: around 2 times longer than the sports clothing, 2.5 times longer than the fluorescent top and 4 times longer than the black clothing. Similar trends were found for the distance at which drivers correctly identified pedestrian orientation (towards or sideways to the vehicle), with significantly longer distances for all the biomotion configurations, when compared to the sports, fluorescent top and black clothing. These findings highlight the effectiveness of biomotion clothing, even when using retro-reflective strips as thin as 0.75 cm and have implications for clothing designs for recreational walkers and runners to enhance their night-time safety.

Four Novels of 1939: Ambition and Redemption; Ethnicity and Race

Four Novels of 1939: Ambition and Redemption; Ethnicity and Race

A Research on the Air Permeability of High Polymer Materials Used to Produce Sports Clothing Fabrics

Composite fabrics based on Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer displays several notable properties. They are waterproof, windproof, permeable to moisture and thermally insulating at the same time. In the present study, PTFE fibers are used as raw material to make fiber membranes. The film is formed by crisscrossing interconnected fiber filaments and the related air permeability: tensile creep characteristics and other properties are tested. The results show that the pore size, thickness, and porosity of the film itself can affect the moisture permeability of the film. The water pressure resistance of the selected fabric is 8.5 kPa, and the moisture permeability is 7038 g/(m2·24 h).

Nanoparticles for Topical Application in the Treatment of Skin Dysfunctions-An Overview of Dermo-Cosmetic and Dermatological Products.

Nanomaterials (NM) arouse interest in various fields of science and industry due to their composition-tunable properties and the ease of modification. They appear currently as components of many consumer products such as sunscreen, dressings, sports clothes, surface-cleaning agents, computer devices, paints, as well as pharmaceutical and cosmetics formulations. The use of NPs in products for topical applications improves the permeation/penetration of the bioactive compounds into deeper layers of the skin, providing a depot effect with sustained drug release and specific cellular and subcellular targeting. Nanocarriers provide advances in dermatology and systemic treatments. Examples are a non-invasive method of vaccination, advanced diagnostic techniques, and transdermal drug delivery. The mechanism of action of NPs, efficiency of skin penetration, and potential threat to human health are still open and not fully explained. This review gives a brief outline of the latest nanotechnology achievements in products used in topical applications to prevent and treat skin diseases. We highlighted aspects such as the penetration of NPs through the skin (influence of physical-chemical properties of NPs, the experimental models for skin penetration, methods applied to improve the penetration of NPs through the skin, and methods applied to investigate the skin penetration by NPs). The review summarizes various therapies using NPs to diagnose and treat skin diseases (melanoma, acne, alopecia, vitiligo, psoriasis) and anti-aging and UV-protectant nano-cosmetics.

Research on Application of Computer Artificial Intelligence Technology in Sports Economic Big Data Analysis

People's fitness concept is becoming more and more mature. The general public has also begun to pursue a higher quality of healthy life. The improvement of physical fitness has become an important part of a healthy life. Sports shoes and clothing, exercise equipment, health management, etc. have become people's daily sports and fitness consumption. At the same time, "intelligence + sports economy" makes more and more people look forward to sports. Intelligent sports that are in line with emerging technologies enter people's lives. Various sports apps, wearable smart devices, etc. not only make people Sports information is digitized, and big data technology can be used to analyze the collected data. For example, the detection of user's fat consumption and sleep quality provides scientific support for users' physical fitness. Sports consumption has become a driving force for the upgrading of the sports industry. Important grip.

아웃도어 스포츠의류 소비가치가 정보원 활용도 및 소비만족에 미치는 영향관계

This study is to investigate effect of outdoor sports clothing consumption on information source utilization and consumption satisfaction In particular, the purpose is to identify the consumption value of outdoor sports clothing and provide practical marketing data to the rapidly changing domestic outdoor sports clothing market. Among the 15 sports clothing stores and discount stores in the metropolitan area and Chungcheong region, the survey subjects used the convenience sampling method for adults aged 20 or older as a target group. As for the survey tool, the items used by Park(2017), Kim(2016), Lee(2015), Kim (2008), and Jang(2021) were modified to meet the purpose of this study and used as 23 questions. For the consumption satisfaction measurement, the items used in Engel & Blackwell (1982), Lee(2020), and Lee(2016) were modified to meet the purpose of this study and used as three questions. In addition, the measurement of the utilization of the information source was modified to meet the purpose of this study, such as Yang(2017), Jang, Koo(2017), Jang(2021), and Choi(2015). SPSS 24.0 Window Version was used for data processing, and the analysis results are as follows. Research hypothesis I was adopted. Second, research hypothesis II was adopted. Third, research hypothesis III was adopted. Fourth, the research hypothesis was adopted.

DIFFERENCES IN THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN BY GENDER

The primary aim of this study is to gain an insight into the “real situation” and to identify gender differences related to physical development among early primary school-aged children in order to reestablish and improve the monitoring system, and make the current school curriculums better. This research included the sample of 447 students (216 boys and 231 girls which was extracted from a population of pupils from five elementary schools, aged 7, 8, 9 and 10 years. Body weight and body height (standing height) was measured according to international standards for anthropometric assessment in a private setting while students were dressed in sports clothing, in the morning hours. Body mass index (BMI) was mathematically estimated according with the equation BMI=weight/height2 (kg/m2). At the level of the sample of respondents from 1st to 4th grade in relation to gender, except for the variables of body height and body weight in the 4th grade, the results of all investigated indicators show that higher values were measured in male respondents. Statistically significant differences were found for the following subspaces in relation to the observed subsample: in relation to gender and in relation to the 1st grade for body weight F=3.979, p=0.048 and for body mass index (BMI) F=6.315, p=0.013, while in relation to 2nd grade, the difference was found in body height F=4.324, p=0.040. There were no statistically significant differences in the observed characteristics of physical development among students of the 3rd and 4th grade. The obtained results on qualitative and quantitative gender differences in physical development in early school age, in addition to theoretical ones, can also have practical significance. Given that this is the age at which the formation of healthy lifestyle habits in children can be significantly influenced, the data of this research can significantly contribute to the adequate organization and implementation of both continuing physical education and extracurricular physical activities of children of the observed age.