Sports Venues Research Articles

Aerobic Capacity Response and Hematological Profile during Performing Physical Activity at Two Public Sport Venues with Different Air Pollution Concentrations

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on aerobic capacity and hematological profile of amateur futsal athletes at two public sport venues having the same climatic characteristics with different air pollution concentrations. The method used in this study was a quasi experimental method with a post-test only crossover design approach. Subjects of the study were 15 futsal athletes from futsal clubs in Bandung city. The mean (SD) of age, weight, height, and BMI of the participants were 18.73 ± 1.7 years, 55.29 ± 3.0 Kg, 165.90 ± 2.6 cm, and 19.90 ± 0.8 Kg / m2. The results of this study indicated that a high amount of air pollution could significantly inhibit the increase of VO2max (p = 0.043) and hemoglobin (p = 0.023) and could significantly increase white blood cells (p = 0.042 leukocytes). The findings of this study provide evidence that air pollution can have a negative effect on the hematological profile of futsal athletes. Thus, the athlete and coach should consider the level of air pollution around the venue before doing exercise. It should be anticipated because, basically, exercising can increase the rate of air ventilation in the respiratory system so that it can cause air pollution, such as PM2.5 and PM10, entering the lungs and even the alveoli.

The Role of Social Marketing in Sports Tourism Development in Tehran Province

Purpose: The goal of this study was to investigate the role of social marketing in the development of sports tourism in Tehran Province.Methodology: The study is applied in terms of purpose, and it is a descriptive correlational research in which 100 experts in the field of social marketing (professors of marketing), specialists in sports tourism (professors), authorities in sports tourism (professors and researchers of this field), as well as managers and experts of Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization were selected as the sample using available and selective sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire taken from previous studies. The professors confirmed the face and content validity, with reliability confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.99.Findings: Data were analyzed by SPSS21 and LISREL 8 software. The results showed seven components of social marketing. They include technology, government laws and policies, environment, economic status, safety and security in sports venues, use of ads and communication channels, all but the last item have a positive and significant effect on the development of sports tourism.Originality: The results of this study showed that the investment of tourism organizations in social marketing factors is effective. The present study is one of the few comprehensive studies that have been conducted on credit and infrastructure investments in Iran concerning sports tourism.

Comparative analysis of sports consumption habits in Hungary, Poland and Germany

BackgroundThe so-called sports consumption models are looking for the factors that influence the sports spending of households. This paper aims to examine the Hungarian, Polish and German households’ sports expenditures which can be an important indicator of physical activity and sporty lifestyle.MethodsSurveying of households in three countries (Hungary, Poland and Germany) has been conducted with a self-designed questionnaire. We have used descriptive and bivariate non-parametric and parametric statistical methods: (1) χ2 test, Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test for checking the relationship between sociodemographic and physical activity variables and (2) independent sample t-test and ANOVA for checking the differences in sports expenditures.ResultsOur research concluded that men, especially previous athletes, exercise more than women and those who have no history as registered athletes. The choice of sports venues is obviously different between the countries in the sample. Members of the study population spend the most on sports services while they spend the least on sports equipment. German households have the highest spending rates compared to the other two countries.ConclusionsResults are in line with our previous research findings and with other literatures. The difference in preferences of sports venues could have the reason of different supply of sports clubs or the different living standards too. It needs further researches to clear it. Material wealth, income level and sport socialisation can be a determining factor regarding the level of sports spending.

From public goods theory to municipal capitalism: Evaluating investments in sport venues from an urban entrepreneurial perspective

ABSTRACT Using public goods theory as a guidepost, scholars have correctly observed that subsidies for sport venues are a product of the monopolistic structure of major sport leagues. Without challenging the observation that economic rent is being extracted from cities, we utilize the municipal capitalism framework to explore the ongoing appeal of teams to cities. We note that rising levels of economic segregation required local officials to aggressively pursue partnerships to offer competitive club goods that deflect regional economic activity into their taxing jurisdictions. After reviewing 116 published academic papers to establish the two frameworks (public goods and municipal capitalism), we use three previously studied case studies to assess outcomes in light of a municipal capitalism perspective. This permits us to provide insights into the use of various sources of public capital to deflect economic activity with the potential to enhance economic development and tax revenues. The work also identifies the need for additional research to compare and contrast classical public goods theory, municipal capitalism, and local government initiatives in an era of “fend for yourself federalism.”

Social outcomes from participating in the Youth Olympic Games: the role of the service environment

ABSTRACT Research question: This study investigated social outcomes of interest regarding the Youth Olympic Games (YOG) and the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) from the perspective of the young athletes competing at the Buenos Aires 2018 YOG. In particular, the process of how the YOG's planned service environment contributes to young athletes’ learning is examined using a transformative service research lens and control value theory. Research methods: An online post-Games survey measured the athletes’ perspective on (1) the service environment; (2) enjoyment; (3) learning; and (4) social outcomes of interest. A total of 330 anonymized responses were collected (boys = 130, girls = 200). Results and findings: All service environment-related factors (i.e. service environment outside of sport, service environment in sport venue, and the Learn and Share program) significantly predicted the social outcomes of interest of the YOG through learning (Mediator1 ) and enjoyment (Mediator2 ) both individually and in-sequence. Implications: For the IOC to create greater social outcomes of interest, athletes’ sense of enjoyment and learning must be fostered. Evidence demonstrates that, through athlete enjoyment and learning, the acquisition of social outcomes of interest increases, consequently bolstering the notions advanced in control value theory where positive emotions enhance one's learning. Hence, for the IOC, creating an environment that focuses on the sport competitions as well as on the education and cultural opportunities for athlete exchange is important.

Mega-projects and mega-events: evaluating Vancouver 2010 stadium and convention infrastructure

ABSTRACT This paper evaluates two infrastructure mega-projects connected to the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver’s downtown peninsula: the renovation of BC Place Stadium and the Vancouver Convention Centre expansion. These projects correspond to two categories of mega-projects often constructed alongside sporting mega-events with intended tourism development legacies that have a history of financial underperformance. Touching upon literatures concerning mega-events, event leveraging, urban development, as well as the public finance of sport and convention venues, this work focuses on fiscal impacts and opportunity costs for venue site locations where there are already high property values, with the aim of providing lessons for comparable future mega-event hosts contemplating similar event-related mega-projects. In addition to arguing for the alignment of venue design to efficiently maximize long-term operating returns and event portfolios for tourism development, this article highlights that venue location within a host city shapes the opportunity costs for government investors and that cost overruns to meet a fixed event deadline can undermine what may other be a sustainable financial structure. While a mega-event-related stadium or convention centre is at significant risk of becoming a financial loser when considering both capital and operating costs, as well as a sub-optimal platform for maximising an event portfolio, this does not have to be the case. Beyond more traditional measures of project return, this article highlights and further develops another key measure of evaluating financial and revenue outcomes, which can be summed up as the opportunity cost of alternative land uses on a venue site.

Understanding sport event ticket-type preference in a forced e-ticket environment

PurposeMany sport venues utilize digital ticketing, in some instances exclusively. Forced technology adoption among ticket buyers in nonsport contexts, (i.e. airline passengers) has been shown to produce negative responses among consumers. The purpose of the current study is to examine sport consumer response to forced e-ticket adoption.Design/methodology/approachE-surveys were disseminated to attendees of a major NCAA Division I football conference championship game where digital tickets were required for entry for the first time in event history. Mixed methods were utilized to examine both quantitative and qualitative data from 1,821 respondents.FindingsAmong respondents, 29.6% indicated a preference for traditional paper tickets and 48.3% preferred e-tickets, with younger patrons more likely to prefer the digital option. No significant difference related to future consumption was found between those preferring hard tickets and those preferring e-tickets. An analysis of qualitative responses revealed five primary themes for hard ticket preference: (1) ease of use, (2) souvenir, (3) reliability, (4) lack of technology and (5) preference. Five primary themes supporting e-ticket preference were also uncovered: (1) convenience, (2) simplicity, (3) familiarity, (4) paperless and (5) security.Originality/valueThe current study is the first to examine actual sport event consumers in a forced self-service technology environment. Also, no previous studies have explored respondents' preference motivations. The current study is also the first to link both age and future consumption to ticket-type preference.

Research on energy-saving strategies of college stadiums and sports venues under the concept of low carbon development

More than half of the stadiums and sports venues in China are concentrated in the education system, and a large proportion of them are distributed in various colleges and universities across the country. Therefore, the planning, design, construction, operation and management of stadiums and sports venues of college and university are also getting more and more attention from the society and the educators. The author believes that under the concept of low carbon development, colleges and universities should focus on introducing ideas of energy conservation and put the concepts of low carbon economy development throughout the whole process and all aspects of operational management of stadiums and sports venues, so as to achieve the effects of sustainable development while fulfilling social responsibility of environmental protection, promoting green lifestyle among the students and contributing to green development model.

The Latest Development and Trend Development of Sports Venues Research

Sports venues undertake the arduous task of the Chinese people yearning for a better life. With the rapid development of the times, the general public's demand for sports venue resources and traditions have changed and developed towards diversity. Traditional sports venue resource allocation exists. In the case of unreasonable resource allocation and unbalanced supply and demand, it is necessary to optimize stadium resources in the context of the new era to meet the society's demand for stadium resources. This article uses research methods of literature and logical analysis to compare and analyze the industrial structure of existing stadiums and the industrial structure under the market economy, and then propose strategies for optimizing stadium resources in the future, and conduct research prospects.

Research on the Current Situation and Strategies of Socialized Operation of University Sports Stadiums Based on Questionnaire Survey-take Huaihua College as an example

The article uses questionnaire survey method and mathematical statistics to take Huaihua College as an example，the current situation and impact of social operation of college stadiums are studied, and social operation strategies for college stadiums are proposed based on this. The results of the study show that the social operation of sports venues in Huaihua College has better met the demand of the surrounding residents for sports venues, but there are also problems of a small number of open venues, short opening hours and backward management mode;Although the social operation of sports venues in Huaihua College has alleviated the contradiction between supply and demand of sports venues, revitalised college sports resources and increased school income and exercise opportunities, it has to a certain extent affected the learning environment of students, damaged the hygiene of sports venues and caused the overuse of sports equipment.

Lesiones deportivas y enfermedades presentadas durante los Juegos Universitarios Nacionales ASCUN 2018

Introduction: Sports injuries and medical inquiries are common during sports events, to know their behaviorallows the planning of responsible actions for caring and contributes to the creation of new strategies for care and prevention of injuries in athletes. There is no knowledge about injuries that occur in sports events held in Colombia. Objective: To describe the injuries and illnesses that required medical attention during the 2018 National University Games. Materials and methods: Descriptive study that included 4592 athletes. Medical consultation in different sports venues were recorded, reporting characteristics of the injuries such as anatomical location, compromised tissue, severity and the sport in which the injury was presented. Results: It was found that 11.1% of the records of care were due to sports injury, 3.9% due to general illness, soccer was the sport with the highest number of injuries, muscle injury was the most common and thigh was the site anatomical most frequently compromised. Conclusion: Most of the consultations were due to acute sports injuries, located in the lower limb, the muscle injury being the most common and mainly affecting team sports.

Intelligent construction of smart stadiums and strategies for promoting the development of national fitness

The development scale of China’s sports industry continues to expand, and the development speed of the sports industry continues to accelerate, forming a complete industrial chain of the sports industry. At present, the overall innovative development and renewal of the world’s stadium operations and the characteristics of informatization, intelligence, and integrated development have been widely recognized. The intelligent construction and intelligent transformation of smart stadiums have become the main direction of future development. The research objects of smart stadiums were selected from 12 universities in Wuhan, China as examples, the construction of intelligent stadiums was empirical analyzed. Results show that through the development guidance and strategic adjustment of the construction of intelligent sports venues, the development momentum and the sustainable operation of sports venues is enhanced, and the development of national fitness is promoted. From the perspective of the intelligent construction, a smart stadium promotes the development of national fitness, which can well promote the implementation of the national health strategy. Conclusions obtained from this study put forward the basic ideas of intelligent construction of smart stadiums and propose innovative strategies to promote the development of national fitness.

Exploration of the Path of Community Public Sports Service System Based on the Perspective of "Healthy China"

With the development of economy, the progress of society, and the improvement of people's living standards, the related issues of community sports public services have gradually attracted people's attention. The overall deployment of the construction of a "Healthy China" is a major issue related to the physical fitness of the people. This article uses research methods of literature and logical analysis to systematically analyze the elements of the community public sports service system and the status quo. The research finds that the community is an important form of organization in modern urban life. Only after systematic analysis, only by establishing a comprehensive public sports service system around the community, so that residents of all ages can find suitable sports, sports venues and equipment, and professionally provide various services, can we truly implement the "Healthy China" strategy.

Research on the Current Situation and Development Countermeasures of Physical Exercise for Postgraduates in Chinese Colleges and Universities

This paper aims to explore the countermeasures of improving the quality and effect of physical exercise for graduate students in Chinese colleges and universities. According to the questionnaire survey results of 1080 graduate students from 6 universities, this paper analyzes the interest and willingness of postgraduates in physical exercise, the frequency, duration and intensity of physical exercise, and the status of physical exercise items. The results show that there is a lack of awareness of the importance of physical exercise in postgraduate physical exercise, which affects their willingness to participate in physical exercise. Meanwhile, the effects of physical exercise do not reach the expected goal due to low frequency, short duration, and low intensity of physical exercise for graduate students. In addition, the traditional and single form of physical exercise programs, lack of emphasis on equipment training and confrontational training, and lack of sports venues, facilities, and professional guidance are reasons for the unsatisfactory physical exercise of postgraduate students. putting forward a series of countermeasures such as credit system and tutorial system, applying and promoting sports Apps, increasing network media publicity, standardizing sports community organization, optimizing and updating sports venues, facilities and management mode, so as make efforts to improve graduate students' enthusiasm in physical exercise, promote the cultivation of graduate students' physical exercise behavior and habits, and effectively to ensure the harmonious development of graduate students' physical and mental health.

Microprobe into the Teaching Mode of "Integration of Inside and Outside Class" in College Physical Education

Physical education inside and outside the integration of teaching model to extend the physical education to the outside, pay attention to the theory and practice of the close combination, the combination of classroom and outside the classroom, school physical education and health education, trying to sports teaching the role of the greatest effect to play out. This article uses research method of literature and logical analysis for ordinary university sports teaching mode of "class inside and outside integration" research, the study found that: the evaluation system is not scientific, the chasm between physical education and extracurricular sports activities, sports funds, sports venues and equipment problems such as lack of security, sports curriculum is not reasonable sports in the development of "integration" teaching model, a series of targeted measures are put forward for the existing problems, in order to better the implementation of the "integration of class inside and outside the" sports teaching model and the vigorous development of school sports provide theoretical basis and practical reference.

Simulation of Sports Venue Based on Ant Colony Algorithm and Artificial Intelligence

In order to improve the congestion of the evacuation plan and further improve the evacuation efficiency, this paper proposes the priority Pareto partial order relation and the vector pheromone routing method based on the priority Pareto partial order relation. Numerical experiments show that compared with the hierarchical multiobjective evacuation path optimization algorithm based on the hierarchical network, the fragmented multiobjective evacuation path optimization algorithm proposed in this paper effectively improves the evacuation efficiency of the evacuation plan and the convergence of the noninferior plan set. However, the congestion condition of the noninferior evacuation plan obtained by the fragmented multiobjective evacuation route optimization algorithm is worse than the congestion condition of the noninferior evacuation plan obtained by the hierarchical multiobjective evacuation route optimization algorithm. The multiple factors that affect the routing process considered in the probability transfer function used in the traditional ant colony algorithm routing method must be independent of each other. However, in actual route selection, multiple factors that affect route selection are not necessarily independent of each other. In order to fully consider the various factors that affect the routing, this paper adopts the vector pheromone routing method based on the traditional Pareto partial order relationship instead of the traditional ant colony algorithm. The model mainly improves the original pheromone distribution and volatilization coefficient of the ant colony, speeds up the convergence speed and accuracy of the algorithm, and obtains ideal candidate solutions. The method is applied to the location of sports facilities and has achieved good results. The experimental results show that the improved ant colony algorithm model designed in this paper is suitable for solving the problem of urban sports facilities location in large‐scale space.

Ausencia de escenarios deportivos: cambio en las dinámicas socioeconómicas de la población ibaguereña

Los encuentros nacionales deportivos generan importantes dinámicas socioeconómicas en las ciudades organizadoras, debido a que se vinculan un número significativo de actores de diversos ámbitos: económico, empresarial, capital humano, y el más importante, deportivo. No es un secreto que en Colombia han sucedido un sinfín de inconvenientes jurídicos y de contratación en el desarrollo de estas justas deportivas; sin embargo, lo sucedido en Ibagué marcó un antes y un después desde diversos panoramas. Por consiguiente, esta investigación se centró en la identificación y medición del impacto socioeconómico que generaron los XX Juegos Deportivos Nacionales y los IV Paranacionales 2015 que pasaron de ser una gran oportunidad a dejar sin escenarios deportivos a una ciudad completa.

Barriers to Managing Environmental Sustainability in Public Assembly Venues

Many sport and entertainment venues are still not major adopters of environmental social responsibility (ESR) despite evidence to suggest their benefit. This qualitative study investigated the major barriers that still prevent ESR adoption in public assembly venues (PAVs) used by sport and entertainment organizations. Using resource-based view (RBV) as a framework for analysis, PAV managers of stadiums, arenas, and performing arts centers were interviewed to collect data. Findings suggest a lack of resources to devote to ESR which displays an overall lack of priority given to ESR adoption and knowledge of ESR by PAV managers. If ESR was considered to offer competitive advantage, it would be given more priority, PAV managers would emphasize more training, and it would therefore receive more resource attention.

Sports bars: environmental design, drinking, and sports betting

Background Informed by literature on venue design and ‘nudging’ in the context of choice architecture, the purpose of this article is to investigate the physical design of, and practices enacted within, sports bars to provide some indication as to whether these venues are spaces that encourage risky drinking and betting. Methods Our analysis draws on three arms of data collection: (i) website review of licensed venues in Victoria, Australia that promoted sports telecasting; (ii) observational data collection including site visits to 50 venues in Victoria that promoted sport telecasting, and more intensive sessions of observation during six sporting matches; and (iii) in situ interviews with 200 sports bar patrons. Findings We identified three types of sports bars: (i) prototypical sports bars; (ii) venues that have a sports bar section; and (iii) venues that televise sport on occasion. Sports bar attendees reported moderately heavy drinking at sports bars and frequent engagement in sports betting. We identified two distinct groups of sports bettors. Prototypical sports bars and venues that televise sport on occasion attracted younger men who bet the least frequently but in the highest amounts, while venues that have a sports bar section attracted older men who bet more often but in smaller amounts. Conclusions We identified several design elements across the three types of venues, each ‘nudging’ sports betting and drinking in different ways. Any focused public health work in relation to sports bars will need to consider the social and physical design elements of different sports betting environments.

Environmental Optimization Design of Rainwater Utilization System in Large Sports Venues under the Influence of Ocean Climate

Xu, H.Z., 2020. Environmental optimization design of rainwater utilization system in large sports venues under the influence of ocean climate. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 887–890. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.With the development of modern society, the scarcity of water resources is becoming more and more obvious. In order to improve the utilization rate of water, rainwater utilization system is gradually being built, and with the development of the city and constantly improve. In this paper, large-scale sports venues are selected as research objects, several typical stadium rainwater utilization systems are analyzed in general, and the design examples of China National Stadium and Japan Dome Stadium are combined to put forward the corresponding optimization design.