Sports Rehabilitation Research Articles

Effect of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) in Increasing Pain Tolerance and Improving the Mental Health of Injured Athletes.

Literature indicates that injured athletes face both physical and psychological distress after they have been injured. In this study, a Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) was utilised as an intervention for use during the period of recovery with injured athletes and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using MBSR as an intervention for this purpose.Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the role of MBSR practise in reducing the perception of pain and decreasing anxiety/stress, as well as increasing pain tolerance and mindfulness. An additional aim was to increase positive mood and decrease negative mood in injured athletes.Methods: The participants comprised of twenty athletes (male = 14; female = 6; age range = 21–36 years) who had severe injuries, preventing their participation in sport for more than 3 months. Prior to their injury, the participants had trained regularly with their University teams and participated in official university championships. Both groups followed their normal physiotherapy treatment, but in addition, the intervention group practised mindfulness meditation for 8 weeks (one 90-min session/week). A Cold Pressor Test (CPT) was used to assess pain tolerance. In contrast, the perception of pain was measured using a Visual Analogue Scale. Other measurements used were the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), and Profile of Mood States (POMS).Results: Our results demonstrated an increase in pain tolerance for the intervention group and an increase in mindful awareness for injured athletes. Moreover, our findings observed a promising change in positive mood for both groups. Regarding the Stress/Anxiety scores, our findings showed a notable decrease across sessions; however, no significant changes were observed in other main and interaction effects in both groups.Conclusion: Injured athletes can benefit from using mindfulness as part of the sport rehabilitation process to increase their pain tolerance and awareness. Further research is required to assess whether increasing pain tolerance could help in the therapeutic process.

PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS SERVICES CONTENT: CRITERIA AND COMPONENTS

Introduction. The analysis of the research has established the lack of a clear internal logic in the construction of a set of criteria for classification services in the field of physical culture and sports. A large variety of criteria, on the one hand, provides an opportunity to get acquainted with the various components of the content of services, which is important for solving practical problems, for example, for the development of a strategy of marketing by sports organizations, the definition of target markets, or for the formation of social standards of consumption of services by the state. On the other hand, relying on such approaches to the classification of sports and sports services, it is extremely difficult to solve the tasks of scientific research. First of all, this relates to the scientific analysis of the system of market relations in the field of physical culture and sports, the nature of the functioning of subsystems or individual components of which is determined by the specific features of this or that kind of physical culture and sports services.The purpose of the study is theoretical and methodological justification of the classification of physical culture and sports services in the context of determining the indicators of the impact of the results of professional activities on the field of physical culture and sports.Results. The article analyzes the main approaches to the classification of sports services in order to determine the economic indicators of influence on the industry. The criteria of the classification of physical culture and sports services have been determined, which made it possible to establish a classification of physical culture and sports services, where all services are divided into physical education, physical culture and health, sports training, sports-entertainment, physical education and rehabilitation, which form these services.Conclusions1. It has been considered that the criteria for classification of sports services are: the social significance of needs that are satisfied as a result of the consumption of a particular service; a way of compensation for the use of services; the form of the existence of a particular service; regularity of consumption of services.2. The classification of physical culture and sports services is defined, where all services are distributed to physical education, physical culture, health, sports and fitness, sports training, sports-entertainment, physical education and rehabilitation, and the indicators that form these services.

Auditory psychophysical analysis of healthy individuals based on audiometry and absolute threshold tests

Psychophysics is one of the most important aspects to assess the auditory behavior in human beings. The present study has been successful in exploring the temporal resolution with respect to auditory stimulus thereby helping in the analysis of the auditory psychophysics in human beings which has been gaining wide acceptance in behavioral research. This research work concentrated on subjects with no known auditory pathological history, both males and females of different age groups, subjects exposed to noise (fabrication industry, chemical industry) and professional basketball players. The subjects were made to undergo conventional Audiometry Test (AT) as well as the Absolute Threshold Test (ATT) developed. A similar pattern was observed in the results of AT across all types of subjects. There were no eminent variations observed other than a characteristic dip between 4000 – 6000 Hz. Hence it was concluded that the AT cannot assess the variations in hearing perception for normal individuals with respect to age, sex and occupational exposure. The Absolute Threshold (ATTh) obtained from the ATT were found to be varying in subjects with respect to age and sex wherein the males had a better ATTh than females. Also ATTh was found to deteriorate with age. ATTh was able to differentiate the hearing perception of the positively conditioned (basketball players) and negatively conditioned (chemical and fabrication industry) subjects thereby proving to be an efficient tool to assess the hearing perception in the conditioned and the control set of subjects. Hence ATT based approach could be very useful in sports training and rehabilitation approaches and hence can be a very useful tool in the assessment of auditory temporal resolution of human beings in various applications.

The study on the application of virtual reality in adapted physical education

With the interest in ICT technology and the efforts of technology development, future ICT technologies such as virtual reality (VR) technology are rapidly developing. Virtual reality technology enables to acquire of specific technologies in a virtual space similar to reality, and can be repeated as many times as necessary. So it is effective to apply it to the disabled as exercise contents for sports experience and rehabilitation. Effective VR sports for the disabled should be applied differently according to the type and severity of disability rather than applying the latest technology unconditionally. And If VR technology is combined with artificial intelligence (AI) in the future, new changes will be made in the field of physical education for the disabled as well as non-disabled sports, furthermore it will help to improve the sports skill of the elite athletes with disabilities.

Research on the Training Mode of Differentiated Talents of Sports Rehabilitation Major in Applied Business Colleges

Sports rehabilitation professional is a new major, good prospects for development, but personnel training status exist in the training target, curriculum setting and teaching characteristics etc., hinders the healthy development of sports rehabilitation professional. Therefore, this movement applied in Business College’s rehabilitation professional training mode of talents alienation difference, based on the way of school characteristics and the model based on differences in employment patterns and based on order training mode three, to promote the healthy development of sports rehabilitation professional.

The Effect of Pain Neuroscience Education on Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Clinical Recommendations Toward Athletes With Chronic Pain.

Context: Pain education is a fundamental part of a holistic approach to athlete injury management. Objective: To investigate the effect of pain neuroscience education (PNE) on sports therapy and rehabilitation students (1)knowledge of persistent pain, (2)attitudes toward athletes with persistent pain, and (3)clinical recommendations for athletes with persistent pain. Design: Parallel groups, single-blind randomized control trial. Setting: A university in the United Kingdom. Participants: Sixty-one undergraduate and postgraduate sports therapy and rehabilitation students. Interventions: The PNE session (intervention group) provided detailed information on the neuroscience of persistent pain, the modulating role of psychosocial factors on pain biology, and how this information could be used to inform clinical practice. The red flags (control group) session provided information on screening patients with persistent pain for serious/sinister pathologies. Each education session lasted 70 minutes. Outcome measures: (1)Knowledge-the Revised Pain Neurophysiology Questionnaire; (2)Attitudes-the Health Care Pain Attitudes and Impairment Relationship Scale; and (3)Clinical recommendations-an athlete case vignette. Results: Posteducation, the PNE group had a greater increase in pain neuroscience knowledge (mean difference 3.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.1 to 4.3; P < .01) and improved attitudes (mean difference -10.1; 95% CI, -16.6 to -3.6; P < .01). In addition, students in the PNE group were more likely to make appropriate clinical recommendations (odds ratio [OR]; 95% CI) regarding return-to-work (OR = 6.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 32.3; P = .03), exercise (OR = 10.7; 95% CI, 2.6 to 43.7; P ≤ 01), and bed rest (OR = 4.3; 95% CI, 1.5 to 12.8; P = 01). Conclusion: A brief PNE session can, in the immediate term, increase sports therapy and rehabilitation students' knowledge of pain neuroscience, improve attitudes toward athletes with pain, and shift their clinical recommendations in line with current guidelines. Such changes could lead to enhanced rehabilitation for athletes with persistent pain.

Effect of 12-Week Rebound Therapy Exercise on Static Stability of Patients With Spinal Cord Injury.

Background: To resolve the impairments associated with spinal cord injury (SCI), such as decreased balance, patients have been recommended to undergo various therapeutic strategies, including the use of different physical exercise methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of using rebound therapy (exercise on a trampoline) on SCI individuals' static stability. Methods: Sixteen people with SCI (American Spinal Cord Association classification: A = 6, B = 6, C = 2, and D = 2) were randomly assigned to an experimental (rebound exercise) group or a control group. The rebound therapy exercise program, lasting 12 weeks, was performed by means of a modified trampoline. During the said period, the experimental group received rebound therapy exercise for 10 to 30 minutes 3 sessions a week. Standing stability parameters (ie,excursion, velocity, and path length of the center of pressure in mediolateral and anteroposterior plane) were assessed before and after the exercise intervention by Kistler force plate (50 × 60cm). Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Significant interactions were observed for all 6 dependent variables except excursion of the center of pressure in mediolateral and the path length of center of pressure in anteroposterior plane (P < .01). This means that the control group had no progress, whereas the experimental group made a significant improvement in terms of static stability. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that rebound therapy could reinforce the static stability of individuals with SCI during motionless standing. It suggests that rebound exercise is a useful sports rehabilitation method for patients with SCI and other wheelchair-bound individuals.

Sports Physical Therapy Section Poster Presentations (Abstracts SPO1-SPO166).

These abstracts are presented here as prepared by the authors. The accuracy and content of each abstract remain the responsibility of the authors. In the identification number above each abstract, SPO designates a Sports Physical Therapy Section poster presentation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(1):A203-A276. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.48.1.A203.

Motor imagery, performance and motor rehabilitation.

Motor imagery has been central to adzvances in sport performance and rehabilitation. Neuroscience has provided techniques for measurement which have aided our understanding, conceptualization and theorizing. Challenges remain in the appropriate measurement of motor imagery. Motor imagery continues to provide an impetus for new findings relating to our emotional network, embodied cognition, inhibitory processes and action representation. New directions are proposed which include exploring the physical setting and conditions in which imagery occurs and investigating if short term impairments to the motor system detract from motor imagery ability and the potential application of motor imagery for recovery.

Elderly Health Care Interventions under the Mode of Smart Sports Rehabilitation and the Background of Big Data

Elderly Health Care Interventions under the Mode of Smart Sports Rehabilitation and the Background of Big Data

Investigation of Perceptual-Motor Behavior Across the Expert Athlete to Disabled Patient Skill Continuum can Advance Theory and Practical Application

ABSTRACTA framework is presented of how theoretical predictions can be tested across the expert athlete to disabled patient skill continuum. Common-coding theory is used as the exemplar to discuss sensory and motor system contributions to perceptual-motor behavior. Behavioral and neural studies investigating expert athletes and patients recovering from cerebral stroke are reviewed. They provide evidence of bi-directional contributions of visual and motor systems to perceptual-motor behavior. Majority of this research is focused on perceptual-motor performance or learning, with less on transfer. The field is ripe for research designed to test theoretical predictions across the expert athlete to disabled patient skill continuum. Our view has implications for theory and practice in sports science, physical education, and rehabilitation.

Lower Limb Symmetry: Comparison of Muscular Power Between Dominant and Nondominant Legs in Healthy Young Adults Associated With Single-Leg-Dominant Sports.

Background:Achieving a symmetrical power performance (difference <15%) between lower limbs is generally recommended during sports rehabilitation. However, athletes in single-leg-dominant sports, such as professional soccer players, could develop significant asymmetry between their dominant and nondominant legs, such that symmetry does not act as a viable comparison.Purpose:To (1) compare maximal muscular power between the dominant and nondominant legs in healthy young adults, (2) evaluate the effect of a single-leg-dominant sport activity performed at the professional level, and (3) propose a parameter of normality for maximal power difference in the lower limbs of this young adult population.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:A total of 78 healthy, male, young adults were divided into 2 groups according to sport activity level. Group 1 consisted of 51 nonathletes (mean ± SD age, 20.8 ± 1.5 years; weight, 71.9 ± 10.5 kg) who participated in less than 8 hours a week of recreational physical activity with nonspecific training; group 2 consisted of 27 single-leg-dominant professional soccer players (age, 18.4 ± 0.6 years; weight, 70.1 ± 7.5 kg) who specifically trained and competed at their particular activity 8 hours or more a week. For assessment of maximal leg power, both groups completed the single-leg squat jump test. Dominance was determined when participants completed 2 of 3 specific tests with the same extremity. Statistical analysis included the Student t test.Results:No statistical difference was found for maximal power between dominant and nondominant legs for nonathletes (t = –1.01, P = .316) or single-leg-dominant professional soccer players (t = –1.10, P = .281). A majority (95%) of participants studied showed a power difference of less than 15% between their lower extremities.Conclusion:Among young healthy adults, symmetrical power performance is expected between lower extremities independent of the existence of dominance and difference in sport activity level. A less than 15% difference in power seems to be a proper parameter to define symmetrical power performance assessed by vertical single-leg jump tests.

A Scoping Review of Health Outcomes Examined in Randomized Controlled Trials Using Guided Imagery.

Guided imagery involves the controlled visualization of detailed mental images. This integrative health technique is used for healing, health maintenance, or the treatment of specific conditions. Guided imagery is an integral part of mindfulness meditation, hypnosis, and various relaxation exercises. However, evidence to support the widespread use and dissemination of guided imagery interventions has been lacking. The purposes of this scoping review were to document the scope of health outcomes and disease processes examined by guided imagery researchers and the journal outlets where this work has been published. Secondary purposes were to review the efficacy of guided imagery, risk of bias from studies published in selected integrative health journals, and gain feedback from clinicians in a practiced-based research network (PBRN) about potential barriers for use in clinical settings. Ten bibliographic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1960 and 2013 that included adult participants. Descriptive and analytic methods were employed to document the journal outlets, diseases, and health outcomes investigated. 320 RCTs that included more than 17,979 adult participants were reviewed. The published studies appeared in 216 peer-reviewed journals from diverse disciplines largely representing psychology, the sport sciences, rehabilitation, nursing, and medicine. Major outcomes observed were coping with pain, stroke recovery, anxiety, coping with stress, and sport skills. Practitioner feedback from the PBRN revealed some interest but skepticism and time constraints were discussed as barriers. Ongoing research and creative dissemination techniques are warranted.

Evaluation of nonsupervised sports rehabilitation for patients with ischemic heart disease

Evaluation of nonsupervised sports rehabilitation for patients with ischemic heart disease

ОСОБЕННОСТИ АГРЕССИВНОСТИ И ЕЕ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ С ПАРАМЕТРАМИ ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ У ЗДОРОВЫХ СПОРТСМЕНОВ И СПОРТСМЕНОВ С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМИ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯМИ ЗДОРОВЬЯ

Aim. The purpose of this research is to analyze the peculiarities of personal aggression and its correlation with the parameters of decision-making in disabled and able-bodied athletes. Materials and Methods. We studied 30 athletes from the sports school “Kaskad” aged 16–21 and 30 athletes from the sports rehabilitation center “Impulse” aged 20–25. During our study, we used the following methodic: “Personal aggression and tendency to conflict” by E.P. Il'in, P.A. Kovalev and “Personal factors of decision-making” by T.V. Kornilova. Results. We found out significant differences between disabled and able-bodied athletes. In relation to aggression parameters, the results show the higher level of Susceptibility (U = 334.5, p &lt; 0.05), Intractability (U = 347, p &lt; 0.05), Intolerance (U = 298, p &lt; 0.05) and Negative Aggression (U = 300, p &lt; 0.05) in able-bodied athletes, while the higher level of Refusal to compromise (U = 99, p &lt; 0.01) is typical for disabled athletes. In the factor structure of disabled athletes’ aggressiveness, we revealed a specific factor that includes the opposition of such parameters as Refusal to compromise and Susceptibility. In able-bodied athletes, we discovered correlations between the decisionmaking and level of aggression: we found out inverse correlation between Rationality and Assertiveness (rs = –0.40, p &lt; 0.05), direct correlation between Risk-taking and Temper (rs = 0.38, p &lt; 0.05) and between Risk-taking and Tendency to conflict (rs = 0.37, p &lt; 0.05). We found out different correlations between the decision-making and levels of aggression in disabled athletes in comparison with able-bodied athletes: we revealed direct correlations between Risk-taking and Intractability (rs = 0.39, p &lt;0.05) and between Risk-taking and Positive aggression (rs = 0.41, p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion. In a situation of uncertainty, able-bodied athletes choose defense strategies through conflict behavior, while disabled athletes prefer attack strategies regardless of the expected outcome and external evaluation.

A Comparative Study on Rehabilitation Sports for People with Disabilities between Germany and Japan on Community-based Rehabilitation

A Comparative Study on Rehabilitation Sports for People with Disabilities between Germany and Japan on Community-based Rehabilitation

ОСОБЕННОСТИ АГРЕССИВНОСТИ И ЕЕ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ С ПАРАМЕТРАМИ ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ У ЗДОРОВЫХ СПОРТСМЕНОВ И СПОРТСМЕНОВ С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМИ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯМИ ЗДОРОВЬЯ

Aim. The purpose of this research is to analyze the peculiarities of personal aggression and its correlation with the parameters of decision-making in disabled and able-bodied athletes. Materials and Methods. We studied 30 athletes from the sports school “Kaskad” aged 16–21 and 30 athletes from the sports rehabilitation center “Impulse” aged 20–25. During our study, we used the following methodic: “Personal aggression and tendency to conflict” by E.P. Il'in, P.A. Kovalev and “Personal factors of decision-making” by T.V. Kornilova. Results. We found out significant differences between disabled and able-bodied athletes. In relation to aggression parameters, the results show the higher level of Susceptibility (U = 334.5, p &< 0.05), Intractability (U = 347, p &< 0.05), Intolerance (U = 298, p &< 0.05) and Negative Aggression (U = 300, p &< 0.05) in able-bodied athletes, while the higher level of Refusal to compromise (U = 99, p &< 0.01) is typical for disabled athletes. In the factor structure of disabled athletes’ aggressiveness, we revealed a specific factor that includes the opposition of such parameters as Refusal to compromise and Susceptibility. In able-bodied athletes, we discovered correlations between the decisionmaking and level of aggression: we found out inverse correlation between Rationality and Assertiveness (rs = –0.40, p &< 0.05), direct correlation between Risk-taking and Temper (rs = 0.38, p &< 0.05) and between Risk-taking and Tendency to conflict (rs = 0.37, p &< 0.05). We found out different correlations between the decision-making and levels of aggression in disabled athletes in comparison with able-bodied athletes: we revealed direct correlations between Risk-taking and Intractability (rs = 0.39, p &

Awareness of Physiotherapy among General Practitioners: a Pilot Study

Background: Physiotherapy is a form of rehabilitation science which helps to make a difference in an individual’s ability to live an active and healthy lifestyle. For many physiotherapists working in India, the primary source of reference is a physician. An aware physician can timely refer patients for physiotherapy who can in turn plan an effective management without making the rehabilitation journey taxing. This article will serve us to know about the interest and acceptance of physiotherapy and also to determine the extent of awareness among general practitioners.Methods: A sample size of 150 subjects were randomly chosen. The study was conducted in a questionnaire based interview format. All willing general practitioners from various streams along with super specialists were included, whereas interns and unwilling practitioners were excluded.Subjects were briefed about the study, written consent was taken before hand, and a validated questionnaire was personally given to fill in the details. The response thus obtained, was taken up for further analysis.Result: From the study, it was learned that there is awareness regarding physiotherapy among general practitioners. With regards to the different streams of physiotherapy, the Orthopedic (36%) and Neurological fields (24%) are the most popular, followed by Cardio respiratory (16%), Sports rehabilitation (14%) and only 6% aware of community-based rehabilitation.Conclusion: The study revealed that there is full awareness of physiotherapy among general practitioners. Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy showed good awareness among the study subjects. This was followed by NeuroPhysiotherapy, Cardio respiratory and Sports Physiotherapy. However, community-based rehabilitation was least known. Also, physicians believe that prescribing exercises is the main intervention used by a therapist and there is less information regarding the recent advances in rehabilitation.

THE REHABILITATION JOURNAL (TRJ)

On behalf of the entire editorial board, I am delighted to inform you that we are releasing a new multidisciplinary International Journal named ‘The Rehabilitation Journal’ (TRJ), which will be an open access, peer reviewed, and online journal. This journal will cover all topics related to medical rehabilitation including but not limited to musculoskeletal rehabilitation, neurological rehabilitation, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, sports rehabilitation, psychosocial rehabilitation, speech and language rehabilitation and community based rehabilitation etc. The primary aim of TRJ is to provide the readers with a platform to access high quality research associated with rehabilitation, which will not only deliver scientific basis to the clinicians for evidence-based practice but also promote rehabilitation research with the aim of improvising the existing research with new ideas and bridging the gaps. We intend to build up an international base of the journal and therefore encourage authors from all around the world to participate and make their work published in an International refereed journal. We ensure strict adherence to International guidelines of reviewing to maintain a high standard of an international journal. Every manuscript submitted to TRJ, which falls under the umbrella term of Rehabilitation, will go through a basic process of scrutinizing by the related associate editors, and then will be sent to experts in the relative field for a detailed review. Based on the comments and recommendations made by the reviewers, the final decision will be made by the managing editor. The most distinct feature of TRJ is continuous publication of articles online after acceptance without waiting for a sufficient number of articles for an issue. The review time will be regularly monitored by the editorial board to ensure faster publications avoiding any unnecessary delay. Other features include the provision of open access and online tracking of the status of manuscript. Open access research articles provide fast and efficient sharing of the findings across the globe. This also ensures high quality work to help influence rehabilitation practice in the shortest possible time to the broadest possible population of scientific researchers. Finally, I would like to pay my sincerest gratitude to entire editorial board for their continuous hard work behind launching of this journal. We hope that you will enjoy reading this new journal and contribute to make it an international platform for sharing good quality work in all fields of rehabilitation.

Are accelerometers a valid tool for measuring overground sprinting symmetry?

Running symmetry is important for performance, injury prevention or rehabilitation in many sports. However, current methods for measuring running symmetry are expensive, time consuming and must typ...