Sport Physical Activity Research Articles

Physical Activity in Children With Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review

Purpose: This systematic review follows the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and aims to examine physical activity in children with hearing loss. Research questions aimed to compare physical activity levels and participation in organized sports in children with hearing loss relative to peers with no hearing loss. A second aim was to examine the impact of the degree of hearing loss and identify modifiable barriers to physical activity. Method: Three databases were utilized to identify relevant studies: PubMed, Human Kinetics, and Science Direct. All peer-reviewed studies included in the systematic review focused on physical activity of children with hearing loss ages 0–18 years and were published in English in 2010 or later. Data extraction and verification of the extracted data were completed by the first author, and the data were discussed between authors. Nine peer-reviewed studies with varying research designs and sample sizes were included in the systematic review. Each study was assessed using the adapted McMaster Critical Review Form-Quantitative Studies to establish the quality level; ratings across studies were good ( n = 1) or excellent ( n = 7). Results: Results of the systematic review suggest that children with hearing loss have substantially lower physical activity and participation in organized sports due to the influence of social inclusion and support, parent-related issues, gender, and the presence of other disabilities. Conclusions: All research questions were addressed in some capacity. Given that physical activity is vital to the health and development of children, the results of this study support the need for future research focused on mitigation of these and other barriers.

Affective reactions to real-life stressors and the role of physical activity in sports students – An Ambulatory Assessment study

Students are exposed to a variety of stressors that can negatively affect their health and performance. Using an Ambulatory Assessment approach, this study investigated whether and how positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) changed in response to real-life stressors in sports students. In addition, the study investigated how physical activity (PhyA) moderated affective reactions to stressors. 62 participants of a German university (m = 23, f = 38, d = 1; age: M = 21.55 years, SD = 2.47) reported their daily stressors, affective states and PhyA (context, intensity and duration) six times per day via smartphone over five days (30 prompts per participants). To test the hypotheses multilevel models were calculated. Stressor context predicted affective reactions. PA was lower and NA was higher when general (financial problems) or academic (exam periods) stressors were reported. General PhyA had a positive effect on sports students affect (higher PA, lower NA). However, when PhyA was performed in exercise classes within their study program and a stressor was reported, PA decreased. The results showed that certain stressors interact negatively with affective states. Furthermore, the results suggested that PhyA, depending on the context where it occurred, may also induce negative affective changes in this target group of sport students. More studies need to examine how PhyA moderates affective reactions to stressors and examine the influences of context specific PhyA (e.g., type of PhyA) in more detail.

Sport as Medicine for Dyslipidemia (and Other Risk Factors).

Dyslipidemia is a common condition characterized by abnormal lipid levels in the blood, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Physical activity and participation in sports have been shown to have a positive impact on lipid profiles and reduce the risk of dyslipidemia. Additionally, regular physical activity can lead to weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity, both of which are associated with improved lipid profiles. This review aims to provide an overview on the utility of physical activity in the management of dyslipidemia. Improvements in lipid profiles were observed across both short- and long-term durations of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity interval training (MIIT). However, it seems that more significant improvements in lipid profiles can be achieved with longer periods of physical activity and more intense exercise regimens. Several studies have investigated the relationship between aerobic exercise and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and the results suggest that HDL-C levels are more responsive to aerobic exercise compared to LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). Although findings on the effect of aerobic exercise on LDL-C levels have been inconsistent, there may still be beneficial changes in LDL-C subfractions that could provide cardiovascular protection. One such subfraction is plasma Lp(a), which contains Apo(a). However, unlike other LDL subfractions, Lp(a) is determined by genetics and is not influenced by physical activity. Therefore, it cannot be improved through exercise. Exercise is commonly believed to lead to a decrease in plasma TG concentrations. However, it is important to note that the baseline TG level may play a crucial role in determining the effect of exercise on the TG response. Factors such as individual variability and metabolic differences can influence the response of TG levels to exercise. Overall, exercise plays a crucial role in improving lipid profiles and promoting cardiovascular health. In conclusion, sport can be considered a form of medicine for dyslipidemia. Regular physical activity and participation in sports can improve lipid profiles, reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and improve overall health. It is essential to incorporate exercise and a healthy lifestyle into one's daily routine to prevent and manage dyslipidemia effectively.

Proximity Sports as a Sustainable Strategy for the Promotion of Physical Activity at an Early Age: The KIA Project

This paper presents the main results of the Kids in Action (KIA) project, which aimed to promote physical activity and sport among children aged 3 to 11, by linking the education, sports, and family sectors. It applies the concepts of proximity consumption and the 15-min city to sustainable and healthy habits. This study aims to evaluate the application of the concept of proximity to the provision of physical sports activities from an early age to reduce the drop-out rate of PA through collaboration between schools, local government, and the sports sector. A mixed methodology was used, applying a survey and interviews with the stakeholders to identify good practices when promoting physical activity at an early age. A total of 147 children and 10 adults (3 family members, 4 school managers or teachers, and 3 sports managers) participated. The main results included the importance of introducing sport and providing adequate facilities, namely through guided workshops. It influences not only the actual participation in sport but also the intention to continue practicing it. It is observed that children with less affinity for conventional sports benefit particularly from initiatives such as the KIA program. On the other hand, the lack of available resources and the influence of sports culture in families are considered the main barriers. They are factors that harm the quality of participation.

La recreación, habilidades sociales y estrategias de afrontamiento en adolescentes mexicanos durante la primera etapa del confinamiento por Covid-19

The Mexican General Health Council in March 2020 recognized the SARS-CoV2 epidemic as serious and of priority attention, establishing preventive measures and calling for confinement. This paper focuses its attention on an adolescent population, who by nature are in search of mobilization outside the family and independence. The objective stated to analyze the relationship of recreational activity of Mexican adolescents during the first stage of COVID-19 confinement (March-July 2020) with handling social skills and coping strategies. The research design corresponds to the non-experimental empirical type; For the collection of information, an ad hoc questionnaire was designed that integrated three instruments: Questionnaire on recreation in adolescents in a situation of confinement, Validated Scale of Social Skills by its acronym EHS and Coping Scales for adolescents (ACS). Said instrument had a reliability of Cronbach's Alpha of α=.962 and a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient of .969. The selection of the sample was probabilistic, made up of 444 Mexican adolescents from the western zone between 12 and 17 years old, 57.4% women and 42.6% men. The main findings show positive relationships between social skills and coping strategies. Being recreational activities a social support resource that allowed effective coping during the pandemic. 88.1% of the students had enough free time to carry out recreational and physical-sports activities such as exercising or moving (67%), jogging (57.9%), training a sport (57.7%) and taking walks to the open air (50.7%). The most frequently performed recreational activities were listening to music, sleeping, and watching television. Likewise, it was found that women obtain better results than men in Social Skills; differences were found in the Search for Expert Support, with high school students being the ones who most resort to this measure and; finally, a positive association was found between the Coping Activities used by adolescents and Social Skills. This corroborates that the empowerment of adolescents in the positive and active use of leisure and recreation allows better coping and management of social skills, in other words, a mechanism for containment in a situation of youth crisis or social coexistence.

Background, rationale, and methodological overview of the REACT project-return-to-action on growth, motor development, and health after the COVID-19 pandemic in primary school children.

The REACT project was designed around two main aims: (1) to assess children's growth and motor development after the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) to follow their fundamental movement skills' developmental trajectories over 18 months using a novel technological device (Meu Educativo®) in their physical education classes. In this introductory article, the first of the Journal's special issue dedicated to REACT, our goal was to present the project rationale, its methodology, training and certification of the team, statistical approach, quality control, governance, and study management. We sampled 1000 children (6-10 years of age) from 25 of the 32 primary schools in Matosinhos, northern Portugal. The protocol included a set of variables clustered around the child (growth, physical fitness, fundamental movement skills, and health behaviors), family (demographics, socioeconomic status, parental support for sports participation and physical activity), school (policies and practices for health behaviors, infrastructure for physical education and sports practices), and neighborhood and home environments (safety, sidewalks, sports facilities, as well as children electronic devices and play equipment at home). A set of standard protocols were implemented in REACT together with a rigorous system of training and certification of all members of the research team. This was complemented with a pilot study to assess, in loco, the quality of data acquisition, data entry, and control. Results from REACT will provide school administrators and teachers with novel and far-reaching information related to children's growth and motor development as well as health behaviors after the COVID-19 pandemic. It will also provide city-hall education officials with insight regarding children's physical fitness, fundamental movement skills, and sports practices that will be of great importance in devising novel intervention programs to increase health-enhancing physical activity, and combat sedentariness and obesity. Finally, it will offer parents a wealth of information regarding their children's growth, motor development, and health.

2022 Para Report Card on Physical Activity of Israeli Children and Adolescents With Disabilities.

Children and adolescents with disabilities (CAWD) represent 11% of Israeli children and adolescents. The 10 core indicators of the Global Matrix on Para Report Cards of physical activity (PA) of CAWD were used to create the 2022 Israeli Para Report Card. A panel of four experts reviewed resources and synthesized evidence of PA behaviors and policies for CAWD in Israel, converted the data to grades, and charted subcategories of language, sex, and disability across population. Data sources were surveys, reports, and memberships in sport federations and clubs. Among CAWD, levels of participation in daily PA were poor (<20%; Grade F), and participation of CAWD in sports was even lower (<10%; Grade F). A lack of environmental infrastructure may explain the low levels of participation. Females, Arabic speakers, and physiological CAWD need particular attention. Establishing governmental policies and interventions is required to increase overall PA and participation in sports among CAWD.

The Role of Participation in Sports and Physical Activity in The Effects Of Negative Emotions and COVID-19 on Quality of Life

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of sports participation and physical activity on negative emotions and the quality of life of COVID-19. Data were collected through the personal information form, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, the COV19-Impact on Quality of Life scale, and Positive-Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Data were collected through stratified sampling from Recep Tayyip Erdogan University and Kırşehir Ahi Evran University. The sample of the study consisted of 888 students. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Necessary assumptions were ensured before the analysis. Afterwards, descriptive statistics and MANOVA were used in the research. It has seen that the number of students who do not do sports under license, who passively participate in sports 2-3 times a week, and whose physical activity level is moderate are more in number. The findings show that students who do sports under license, passively participate in sports, and are physically active experienced lower levels of negative emotions and COVID-19 affected their quality of life at lower levels. As a result, it can be said that participation in sports and physical activity have an impact on negative emotions and the quality of life of COVID-19 in the sample of university students.Keywords: Negative Emotions, Participation in Sports, Physical Activity, Quality of Life

2022 French Report Card on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Children and Youth: From Continuous Alarming Conclusions to Encouraging Initiatives.

Scientific evidence and public health reports keep highlighting the continuous and alarming worldwide progression of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents. The present paper summarizes findings from the 2022 French Report Card (RC) on physical activity for children and youth and compares them to the 2016, 2018, and 2020 RCs. The 2022 edition of the French RC follows the standardized methodology established by the Active Healthy Kids Global Matrix. Ten physical activity indicators have been evaluated and graded based on the best available evidence coming from national surveys, peer-reviewed literature, governmentand nongovernment reports, and online information. The evaluation was also performed in children and adolescents with disabilities. Indicators were graded from A (high level of evidence) to F (very low level of evidence) or INC for incomplete. The evaluated indicators received the following grades: overall physical activity: D-; organized sport participation and physical activity: C; active play: F; active transportation: C; sedentary behaviors: D-; family and peers: D; physical fitness: C; school: C-; community and the built environment: F; government: B. While this 2022 French RC shows progression for 7 out of the 10 indicators considered, it also underlines the continuous need for actions at the local, regional, and national levels to develop better surveillance systems and favor a long-term improvement of youth movement behaviors.

Higher Family Affluence is Associated With Multi-Sport Participation Among Irish Youth.

The impact of early single sport participation among young people has received much attention, with both sport leaders and pediatricians advocating multi-sport participation at least until early adolescence. In this study we explored the association between family socioeconomic status and level of Irish youth specialization in sport. We relied on data from the Children's Sport Participation and Physical Activity (CSPPA) study, involving a representative sample of 3499 Irish children and adolescents aged 10-15years. We analyzed data from questions related to the number of sports played, the number of days per week the youth were engaged in sport, and family affluence (as a proxy measure for socioeconomic status). Youth sport specialization before 12years of age (males 5.7%; females 4.2%) and even between 13-15years of age (males, 7.8%; females, 5.8%) was uncommon. However, lower levels of specialization were associated with higher socioeconomic status in that more children with high family affluence participated in multiple sports. Careful consideration should be given to whether low socioeconomic status may act as a barrier to participation in multiple sports.

Sport and leisure-time physical activity over the life course

It is desirable to get as many people as possible to engage in long-term leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) due to the health-enhancing effects. Although the proportion of individuals who are physically active in their leisure time appears to have increased in Switzerland in the past years NO RENDERER SUPPLIED, little is known so far about the dynamic of change in LTPA trajectories over the life course. LTPA trajectories of 1,456 Swiss residents aged 35 to 76 years (random sampling) were reconstructed with the help of a retrospective telephone interview (CATI method). To address the difficulties of retrospective data collection, the article presents the careful development of the questionnaire on the basis of current evidence. The majority of the respondents (approx. 73%) show a long-term LTPA without dropout (dropout = LTPA less than once a week over one year and longer), only a minority of whom (approx. 18%) took up their LTPA after the age of 20. In addition, there is also a group with a somewhat unstable LTPA trajectory (approx. 24%) that includes at least one dropout. For members of the latter group, the longer the inactive episode lasted, the lower were their chances of entering an LTPA. While the different LTPA trajectory groups differed only slightly with regard to socioeconomic characteristics, analyses of their sport- and physical activity-related history reveal that self-organized LTPA in childhood and youth may be seen as a success factor for lifelong LTPA. The proportion of people practicing (long-term) LTPA is presumably overrepresented in the sample. This limitation should be taken into account, but analyses of possible advantageous conditions of long-term or lifelong LTPA are nevertheless possible. The results indicate a demand for more specific theories related to the causality behind the observable LTPA behavior.

Sex-related differences in the energy cost of physical activity in seniors

Introduction. The aging of the human body, which is an inevitable and irreversible process, causes changes in the structure and functions of organs and a decrease in intellectual and cognitive functions. Physical activity is essential for the quality of life of seniors. The aim of the study was to compare the energy cost of physical activity of women and men over 65 years of age, living in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Material and methods. Cross-sectional study covered seniors at the age of 65-74, from Podkarpackie Province. The research tool was an International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for the analysis. Results. Energy expenditure related to energy cost of vigorous (p = 0.031), moderate (p = 0.014) and total effort (p = 0.007) job-related, motor vehicle-related effort (p &lt; 0.001), and leisure-time physical activity (p = 0.005) was statistically significantly higher in men. In women, higher values of vigorous physical activities in the garden or yard (p = 0.049) and moderate physical activities at home (p = 0.014) were observed. Conclusions. The energy cost of activities requiring job-related vigorous, moderate and total physical activity, as well as the energy cost of effort related to train, bus, car, tram, or other kind of motor vehicle, as well as recreation, sport, and leisure-time physical activity is higher in men. On the other hand, women are characterized by a higher energy cost of vigorous physical activities in the garden or yard and moderate physical activities inside home. The time spent sitting does not differentiate the surveyed women and men.

The role of physical activity in reducing blood pressure

Although the benefits of sports physical activity and its positive effects on health were not of the present day, many scientific studies and experimental observations whose results confirmed the strength of the relationship between lack of physical activity and health, and this was done by studying the negative effects of physical inactivity, Based on the results of studies conducted on a large number of people, they confirmed the existence of a relationship between physical inactivity and the incidence of many diseases of the age, and indicated the preventive and curative role that physical activity contributes to confronting many chronic diseases.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to highlight the lack of sports physical activity as a risk factor in high blood pressure, and therefore we can say that physical activity has an effective role in maintaining the level of blood pressure in the ideal case. It was proven by the results of the field study, and our strong belief in the effective role of physical activity in combating high blood pressure prompted us to do this study, so it is better for it to be so or more than that for university students, as they constitute a pivotal and essential part of society, and we are certain of the importance of this The category in spreading health awareness was part of our research project, through which we highlighted the effectiveness of dynamic physical activity in the primary prevention of high blood pressure and its impact on the health of other organs such as: pulmonary, respiratory, circulatory, muscular..

The Association between Adult Sport, Fitness, and Recreational Physical Activity and Number and Age of Children Present in the Household: A Secondary Analysis Using NHANES.

Only one in three adults in the United States meets the weekly recommendation for physical activity (PA). The presence of children in the home may restrict adult PA. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between adult moderate and vigorous sport, fitness, and recreational physical activities and the number and age (0-5 and 6-17) of children in their household. Secondary data were drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007-2016. Adults with complete survey data for self-reported moderate (MPA) and vigorous physical activities (VPA), number of children in the home, and other sociodemographic variables were included. The final sample included 2034 adults from 22-65 years of age. Analyses included ANOVAs and separate multivariable regression analyses to determine if the number of children in the household aged 0-5 and 6-17 were significant predictors of weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) after controlling for covariates. For MPA, no differences were found between adult PA regardless of the number and age of children in the home. For VPA, adults with two or more children aged 0-5 reported 80 fewer minutes of weekly VPA (p < 0.05) compared to those with no children or just one child in this age group after controlling for all covariates. Finally, adults with three or more children in the household aged 6-17 reported fifty fewer minutes of weekly VPA (p < 0.05) compared to those with no children, one, or just two in the household. These findings highlight a need to support the vigorous PA behaviors of this population, as the majority of the family-based PA intervention studies to date have primarily focused on family dyads.

PO-03-157 ACTIVITY RESTRICTION IN PEDIATRIC CATECHOLAMINERGIC POLYMORPHIC VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA: DOES IT MATTER WHAT THE DOCTOR SAYS?

Catecholaminergic polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare inherited arrhythmia disorder characterized by adrenergic-induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). Physical activity (PA) restriction was once a mainstay of therapy. Although an individualized, shared decision approach to PA is recommended, the amount activity considered safe remains unknown. To describe 1) the association between PA levels and ventricular arrhythmia scores and 2) the PA levels in relation to Canadian PA guidelines and physician PA recommendations. Patients 8-18 years with CPVT were prospectively recruited from the International Pediatric CPVT Registry. PA levels were assessed via an Actigraph accelerometer (GT3X) worn for ≥ 10-hours a day for 7-days. Ventricular arrhythmia score was ascertained from treadmill tests (to volitional fatigue) by an established scale (1=no ectopy or premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), 2=bigeminy, 3=couplets, 4=non-sustained VT). The association between ventricular arrhythmia and PA metrics were controlled for medication doses. A total of 26 pediatric CPVT patients (median age 14 (IQR 11-17) years; 46% females) were included. Nine (35%) patients were on BB monotherapy, 15 (58%) BB and flecainide and 2 (8%) were on no medication. Of those on medication, 3 (12%) underwent left cardiac sympathetic denervation. Median ventricular arrhythmia score among all patients was 2 (IQR 1-2); 11 (42%) had no ectopy or isolated PVCs on treadmill. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (odds ratio: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95-1.0, p=0.31) was not associated with ventricular arrhythmia scores after adjusting for medication. Median moderate-to-vigorous PA was 44 (IQR 29-59) min/day and only 5 (19%) patients met PA guidelines (≥60 min/day in healthy children). Adolescents were less active than younger children (rho=-0.44, p=0.03), and moderate-to-vigorous PA did not differ based on sex (p=0.18). Physician PA recommendation ranged from no restrictions in 14 (54%) to partial PA restrictions (no competitive, team sport and/or endurance PA) in 12 (46%) patients. Ventricular arrhythmia scores (Figure 1; p=0.42) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (p=0.41) did not differ based on physician PA restrictions. There was no association between amount of PA and clinical ventricular arrhythmia scores in this cohort of predominantly treated CPVT children. Only a fifth of patients met PA guidelines irrespective of physician recommendations, and a large proportion continue to be restricted from PA.

Mental Wellbeing and Recreational Sports – Two Together for a Healthy Win - Implications for Higher Education Institutions

The current research highlights how recreational sports enhance student wellbeing and promote physical and mental health through positive social bonding. The Indian social fabric is culturally and traditionally more interconnected as Indians thrive on social networks and engage in several festivals, celebrations, and get-togethers across the year. Therefore, the pandemic and ensuing lockdown created a vacuum. The study explored how students at higher education institutes (HEIs) engaged in Recreational Sports during the lockdown and its role in increasing social bonds, experiencing a feeling of association, positive emotions, relaxing the mind, and promoting overall wellbeing. Further, the present study identifies factors that influence the intention to continue engaging in recreation sports on an ongoing basis (a behaviour that was picked up during the pandemic to cope with lockdown and isolation). The current need is to understand how learning and developing behavioural competencies can be encouraged through active learning in open spaces to overcome social isolation as all types of physical-sports activities favor psychological wellbeing. The present study uses the TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior) framework to identify factors that influence the intention to continue engaging in recreation sports on an ongoing basis. Social contact time, with many shared experiences, has multiple benefits. It not only helps in stress release but also motivates and provides comfort in the company of friends and colleagues. Therein lies the importance and relevance of Outdoor Behavioral Experiential Learning (OBEL) and recreational sports.

Consumption of Energy Drinks among Italian University students: a cross-sectional multicenter study

PurposeThe aim of the study was to evaluate the caffeinated Energy Drinks (EDs) consumption among a large sample of Italian undergraduates and its association with some of the major lifestyle risk factors.MethodsStudents attending twelve public Italian universities were involved between October 2021 and May 2022. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, ED consumption, and on health-related behaviors of participants was collected by the use of a web-based questionnaire.ResultsA total of 2165 students participated in the study and 15.2% of them reported having used caffeinated EDs in the last six months, mainly once a month (41.5%). In comparison with non-users, ED users showed a higher proportion of males (p < 0.001) and a higher father’s educational level (p = 0.003), came mainly from Northern universities (p = 0.004) and life sciences degree courses (p < 0.001). Besides, ED users reported higher BMI values (p = 0.003), more particular dietary regimens (p < 0.001), higher levels of weekly moderate–vigorous physical activity (p < 0.001) and participation in sports (p < 0.001) and in team sports (p = 0.003), and higher proportion of smokers (p < 0.001) and alcohol drinkers (p = 0.005). ED use was negatively related with female gender (OR 0.546; 95% CI 0.374–0.798), the Mediterranean diet (OR 0.587; 95% CI 0.362–0.951) and coming from the center of Italy (OR 0.500; 95% CI 0.275–0.909) and positively associated with tobacco smoke (OR 1.712; 95% CI 1.176–2.492) and participation in a team sport (OR 1.686; 95% CI 1.051–2.707).ConclusionThese findings could encourage figures engaged in education to increase the students’ awareness on this issue in order to prevent the excessive use of EDs and associated unhealthy behaviors, especially in the most interested subgroups.

The relationship between knee function and psychology on sports readiness, overuse conditions, and physical activity post anterior aruciate ligament reconstructions: a literature review

Background : Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are injuries that result from a tear in the ligament that connects the femur and tibia. This injury can be treated with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), which is an operation in the form of replacing the ACL ligament with other tissue grafts. ACLR can affect knee function so that it has an impact on readiness to return to sports, physical activity levels and the emergence of overuse conditions.&#x0D; Objective : To determine the relationship between knee function and psychology on readiness to return to sports, overuse conditions, and physical activity after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions.&#x0D; Method : The method used is a literature review study using secondary data from published literature. The literature search was conducted online through PubMed, Pedro, Garuda and Google Scholar, using the “key words” Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (ACLR), ACL injury, psychological factors, physical activity of ACL athletes, and overuse injuries and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.&#x0D; Results : From the literature used, it is stated that poor knee function can cause severe pain and fear of re-injury so that it has an impact on readiness to return to sports and decreased levels of physical activity after ACLR. Poor knee function due to surgical factors such as the ipsilateral ACL autograft surgical technique can result in an overuse condition characterized by the emergence of patellofemoral pain syndrome.&#x0D; Conclusion : There is a relationship between knee function on psychological readiness to return to sports, level of physical activity and overuse conditions in athletes after ACL reconstruction.&#x0D; Keywords : ACL Reconstruction, Psychological Readiness and Physical Activity of ACLR Athletes.&#x0D;

Comparison of physical activity and sports engagement between children with ADHD undergoing pharmacotherapy and healthy peers

Abstract: Background: Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often face problems in the engagement and adherence of health-promoting behaviors, such as physical activity and sports. Stimulant treatment is effective for managing core symptoms, but it remains unclear if this type of treatment also normalizes the engagement in health-promoting behavior. In this case-control study, we aim to compare physical activity and sports participation between children with ADHD and healthy peers. Motor skills and aerobic fitness are investigated as potential mediators of differences between groups. Methods: Children with ADHD were matched to healthy peers based on sex, age, and socioeconomic status. Participants ( N=120; age: 10.8±1.4) reported their physical activity and sports participation using a 7-day recall protocol. Their engagement in activities at moderate and vigorous intensity as well as participation in individual and team sports was derived from the protocol. Participants further completed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) and a submaximal test on a cycling ergometer (PWC170). Results: Children with ADHD showed lower vigorous physical activity and participation in individual sports than healthy peers. They also achieved lower scores on the MABC-2 and the PWC170. Based on path-analyses, low PWC170 partially mediated the ADHD-related fewer engagement in vigorous physical activity and individual sports. Conclusion: Children with ADHD undergoing stimulant treatment show less participation in vigorous physical activity and individual sports than healthy peers. Poor aerobic fitness partly contributes to the relation between ADHD and low physical activity.

COVID-19 and unfavorable changes in mental health unrelated to changes in physical activity, sedentary time, and health behaviors among Swedish adolescents: A longitudinal study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had major impact on the daily lives of adolescents. This study examined whether mental health outcomes had changed over the pandemic, and if such changes were related to changes in physical activity (PA), sedentary time, sleep, screen time, and participation in organized sports. In this longitudinal study, data were collected in autumn 2019 with follow-up measurements in spring 2021. In total, 558 schools were invited and 34 schools around Stockholm with a variation in socioeconomic background were included. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured for seven consecutive days by accelerometry (Actigraph). Anxiety, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychosomatic health, stress, sleep duration, screen time, and organized sports participation were self-reported in questionnaires. Linear models were applied to estimate associations between changes in mental health outcomes and exposures. From the baseline sample of 1,139 participants, 585 (55% girls), mean (SD) age 14.9 (0.3) years, participated in the follow-up. Between 2019 and 2021, there was a decrease in HRQoL [mean difference -1.7 (-2.3, -1.2), p < 0.001], increase in psychosomatic health problems [mean difference 1.8 (1.3, 2.3), p < 0.001], and an increase in the number of participants with high stress [from 94 (28%) to 139 (42%), p < 0.001]. Weekly light PA and sleep duration decreased and weekly sedentary time and screen time increased unrelated to changes in mental health outcomes. An increase in sleep duration during weekdays was significantly related to both a decrease in anxiety (B = -0.71, CI: -1.36, -0.06) and an increase in HRQoL (B = 1.00, CI: 0.51, 1.49). During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health appears to have been impaired in Swedish adolescents, but unrelated to changes in PA, sedentary time, screen time, or participation in organized sports. However, increased sleep duration on weekdays was related to less anxiety and better HRQoL. The results may help policy makers and other stakeholders comprehend the differential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health outcomes and help guiding the planning of policy actions. ISRCTN15689873.