Sports Monitoring Research Articles

A CCII-BASED HIGH IMPEDANCE INPUT STAGE FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

An integrated current mode high impedance input stage designed for Electrocardiography (ECG) systems (or low frequency general applications) is presented. This feature becomes necessary when a two-electrodes ECG apparatus is used (e.g., in fetal ECG or heart monitoring in extreme sports) and a good response of the system to common mode signals is required. The proposed input stage, based on a bootstrap topology that simultaneously increases the ECG electrodes input impedance (from 5 ÷ 50 kΩ to about 50 MΩ) and amplifies the applied signal, is implemented by using a configuration that employs only two second generation current conveyors for each electrode. Post-layout simulations have proved that the proposed system is quite not sensible to electrodes mismatch and battery discharge.

IPhone sensor platforms: Applications to sports monitoring

The testing and monitoring of elite athletes in their natural training environment is becoming an area of interest to the sporting community. Specialised equipment is cumbersome and influences the training and analysis regimens athletes undertake to improve their performance. Ubiquitous and off-the-shelf versatile smartphones with advanced sensing capabilities can be applied to sports activity monitoring, providing a cost-effective means of widespread performance analysis. This paper briefly outlines the case for using these smartphones in sports monitoring applications, presents a model to collect data generated by these devices and presents the results of real-world usage when applied to cricket.

A Server-Based Mobile Coaching System

A prototype system for monitoring, transmitting and processing performance data in sports for the purpose of providing feedback has been developed. During training, athletes are equipped with a mobile device and wireless sensors using the ANT protocol in order to acquire biomechanical, physiological and other sports specific parameters. The measured data is buffered locally and forwarded via the Internet to a server. The server provides experts (coaches, biomechanists, sports medicine specialists etc.) with remote data access, analysis and (partly automated) feedback routines. In this way, experts are able to analyze the athlete’s performance and return individual feedback messages from remote locations.

Adolescent substance use, parental monitoring, and leisure-time activities: 12-year outcomes of primary prevention in Iceland

ObjectiveTo examine 12-year changes in alcohol use and cigarette smoking in response to community-based prevention activities among Icelandic adolescents. MethodsThis study used a quasi-experimental, non-randomized control group design to compare outcomes in 4 Icelandic communities (n=3117) that participated in community-based substance use prevention activities designed to increase levels of parental monitoring and adolescent engagement in healthy leisure-time activities and a matched group of 7 comparison communities (n=1,907). Annual, nationwide, population-based cross-sectional surveys of the prevalence of adolescent substance use were conducted among cohorts of Icelandic adolescents, aged 14–15years (N=5,024), in all communities from 1997 to 2009. ResultsParental monitoring and adolescent participation in organized sports increased in communities that adopted the intervention program compared to communities that did not, whereas unmonitored idle hours and attendance at unsupervised parties decreased. Over time, alcohol use (OR=0.89, 95% CI 0.82, 0.98, p=0.012) and being intoxicated during the last 30days (OR=0.86, 95% CI 0.78, 0.96, p=0.004) decreased more in the intervention than control communities. ConclusionCommunity-based prevention designed to strengthen parental monitoring and participation in organized sports may confer some protection against adolescent substance use.

Live sport monitoring using remote camera system

We present the use of camera for sport judge, where the best sport broadcasting soccer which is popular worldwide to be more interesting with the right result. The audience which is known as sport fan club or spectators expects the right competition results, which may be concerned the gamblers. We use a remote camera system for the game clarification, i.e. fair play because the criticism of judges and the referees may be inappropriate behaviors. We use the system based on closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras to support judges and the lineman decision. Moreover, the monitoring of audience and game can be provided by using the registered and telescope cameras, respectively, which mean that the game result with fairly play can be seen over the audiences.

Illness Monitoring in Team Sports Using a Web-Based Training Diary

Use of Web-based data recording systems has received little attention in sport. An "online" training diary could provide a valuable alternative to pen-paper methods in the regular assessment of physical activity and illness occurrence in athletes. The objective of this study was to design and implement a user-friendly and efficient system to monitor incidences of illness in team sport athletes. Prospective monitoring study over a 48-week rugby season. Players were asked to register presence/absence of weekly illness symptoms with medical staff and also use an online training diary. Submitted self-reported diary illness data were compared with illness complaint data recorded by medical staff. Diary response rates were calculated from the number of completed diary entries against the number of available/required entries over the season. Web-based training diary. Thirty professional rugby union players. Comparison of gastrointestinal and upper respiratory illnesses (URIs) reported by players using an online diary and to medical staff. Incidences of URIs. The diary response rate in the reporting of weekly illnesses was 79% over the study period. Discrepancy existed between the number of self-reported URIs by players using the diary (118 URI incidences) compared with those reported to medical staff (23 URI incidences). Totaling all URI episodes (those self-reported + those registered by medical staff) revealed that players reported just 19% of URI episodes to medical staff. Players tend to underreport incidences of banal infections. Closer monitoring of self-reported illnesses using a similar system in the present study may provide a better alternative to previous methods in nonclinical illness assessment.

가속도 센서를 이용한 실시간 스포츠 동작 분류.모니터링에 관한 연구

본 연구는 3축 가속도 센서를 허리에 부착하여 실시간으로 스포츠 동작분류를 할 수 있는 모니터 링에 관한 연구를 실시하였다. 이 모니터링 시스템은 스포츠 동작의 기본이라고 할 수 있는 걷기, 달리기, 자세변화 동지 정지상태의 동작들과 추가적으로 사이클링 동작을 분류할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 운동 시에 발생할 수 있는 낙상을 감지하여 위급상황에 대한 정보도 나타나게 하였다. 가속도센서모듈은 인체에 부착된 형태로 스포츠 활동을 모니터링하기 위하여 소형으로 설계되었으며 활동에 방해가 되지 않게 허리에 부착되었다. 측정된 데이터는 RF통신을 통해 PC로 전송되며 알고리즘을 통해 실시간으로 동작분류를 시행하게 된다. 개발된 알고리즘을 검증하기 위한 실험으로 5명의 피험자를 대상으로 서로 다른 속도의 걷기, 달리기, 사이클링 동작을 각각 100초간 실시하였으며 낙상과 자세변화 동작(앉았다 일어서기, 누웠다 일어서기, 서있다 앉기, 누웠다 앉기, 서있다 눕기, 앉았다 눕기)은 각각 20회씩 실행하였다. 그 결과 동작분류 정확도는 95.4%를 나타내었다. 이번 연구에서 스포츠 모니터링을 통하여 정확한 자신의 운동 정보를 알려주고 운동 시에 발생하는 낙상에 대한 위급상황을 알려줌으로써 스포츠 활동에 도움을 주고자 하였으며, 추가적인 연구로 각각의 스포츠 활동에 대한 정확한 에너지 소비 추정 알고리즘을 개발 중에 있다. D. W. KANG, J. S. CHOI, and G. R. TACK, A Study on Real-Time Sports Activity Classification & Monitoring Using a Tri-axial Accelerometer. Korean Jouranl of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 59-64, 2008. This study was conducted to study the real-time sports activity classification and monitoring using single waist mounted tri-axial accelerometer. This monitoring system detects events of sports activities such as walking, running, cycling, transitions between movements, resting and emergency event of falls. Accelerometer module was developed small and easily attachable on waist using wireless communication system which does not constrain sports activities. The sensor signal was transferred to PC and each movement pattern was classified using the developed algorithm in real-time environment. To evaluate proposed algorithm, experiment was performed with several sports activities such as walking, running, cycling movement for 100sec each and falls, transition movements(sit to stand, lie to stand, stand to sit, lie to sit, stand to lie and sit to lie) for 20 times each with 5 healthy subjects. The results showed that successful detection rate of the system for all activities was 95.4%. In this study, through sports activity monitoring. it was possible to classify accurate sports activities and to notify emergency event such as falls. For further study, the accurate energy consumption algorithm for each sports activity is under development.

Saliva as the object of biochemical monitoring in sports

Abstract It is the review of literature data concerning the chemical composition of saliva and its changes under different physical loads. The data proves that saliva analysis is highly informative and that the continuation of its biochemical investigations is extremely useful. Keywords: a saliva, a chemical compound, the biochemical control. ВВЕДЕНИЕ В настоящее время в спортивной практике все чаще применяются различные биохимические методы оценки тренированности спортсменов. Биохимические иссле-дования либо проводятся самостоятельно, либо входят в комплексный медико-биологический контроль подготовки спортсменов высокой квалификации. Объектами биохимических исследований обычно являются кровь, моча, выдыхаемый воздух, ре-же – пот и слюна. В некоторых случаях проводится исследование мышечных биопта-тов. Из перечисленных объектов наиболее доступной является слюна. Однако на прак-тике вследствие отсутствия достоверной информации о зависимости изменений хими-ческого состава и свойств слюны от характера нагрузок и уровня тренированности исследование слюны проводится редко. В этой связи нами проведен анализ литерату-ры, посвященной изучению слюны и особенно биохимическим сдвигам, отмечаемых в ней при выполнении нагрузок разной интенсивности и объема спортсменами различ-ных специализаций. Функции и химический состав слюны в норме Слюна наряду с кровью и мочой является важной биологической жидкостью организма и главным компонентом ротовой жидкости. В сутки, в основном в дневное время, выделяется до 600 мл слюны со средней скоростью 0.32 мл/мин, а при приеме пищи - 2-7 мл/мин. Подчелюстные слюные железы секретируют около 60% среднесуточного объема слюны, околоушные - 30-35% и подъязычные - 5% [1]. Слюна выполняет чрезвычайно важные функции. Во-первых, это - "смазка" поверхности зубов и слизистых оболочек, а также пищевого комка, что обеспечивают содержащиеся в слюне белки - муцины. Во-вторых, ферменты серозного секрета слюных желез подавляют микрофлору, что определяет антимикробную функцию создаваемого слюной обвалакивающего покрытия. И, наконец, в третьих, в результате регулирования минерального состава слюны минералсвязывающими белками обеспечивается поддержание долговечности эмали зубов [2]. Чрезвычайно важной для проявления биологических функций является белковая фракция слюны. Следует отметить, что она состоит как из специфических белков слюны, так и из ферментов, не обладающих тканевой специфичностью, но несущих вполне определенную, присущую слюне функциональную нагрузку. Наиболее крупную группу составляют белки, богатые аминокислотой пролином, на которые приходится 70% от всех белков слюны. Эти белки обладают сходным аминокислотным составом и содержат: 40-45% пролина и около 20% глицина и аспарагина. Однако по своим размерам они достаточно гетерогенны, их молекулярная масса колеблется в диапозоне от 6 до 36 кДа. В слюне также содержатся белки цистатины, которые еще в меньшем количестве (до 1%) встречаются в слезах, моче и сперме. Как известно, эти белки являются ингибиторами цистеиновых протеиназ, причем в слюне содержатся цистатины типа II, имеющие малый размер и осуществляющие защиту от протеиназ бактериального и воспалительного происхождения, обладающие противовирусным и противоопухолевым эффектом.

A non-contact proximity sensor with low frequency electromagnetic field

In this paper, a non-contact proximity sensor that is able to detect any kind of material with low frequency electromagnetic field is proposed. The sensor is simple and based on a single probe. In addition, it has two unique features which are flexibility of the probe and sensitivity to object thickness. After the theoretical analysis of the operation principle, experiments are given to analyze the validity of the theory and verify the ability of the sensor to detect object's proximity and thickness. Another experiment is also performed to examine the possibility of the sensor to detect the motion of the human heart. The sensor may potentially be applied in non-contact cardiac disease detection, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), cheap safe-guard system with one single sensor, thickness monitoring in standardization manufacturing, sport monitoring, and a lot of other places, etc.

Development of Sports Monitoring System

Development of Sports Monitoring System