Sports Rehabilitation Research Articles

An examination of changes in psychological status across four phases of injury recovery and return to sport: A prospective weekly study of competitive athletes from acute care to return to sport.

While ample research has shown that sport injuries are associated with poor psychological status, scant attention has been given to changes in injured athletes' psychological status over the full course of recovery and return to sport. The aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate potential changes in injured athletes' psychological status across four phases of recovery and return to sport. A total of 38 severely injured adult competitive athletes (58% female; mean age 24.1 ± 7.18 years) participated in this prospective weekly investigation (n = 319 observations). Athletes' were asked to indicate their current phase of recovery or return to sport (acute care, rehabilitation, adapted training, or full return to sport) after which they responded to visual analog scales assessing post-injury psychological status, including: perceived pain (frequency and intensity), emotions (positive and negative), anxiety (cognitive and physiological), motivation, self-efficacy, and satisfaction. During the acute care phase, participants showed higher scores of perceived pain, and physiological anxiety compared to the other phases. During the adapted training phase, amotivation was higher than in the acute care phase, and self-efficacy was lower than in other phases. At full return to sport, athletes showed less perceived pain, cognitive anxiety, and more satisfaction than during other phases. The present study provides a deeper prospective understanding of changes in athlete's psychological status over the course of injury recovery and return to sport and highlight the importance of monitoring psychological status.

No correlation found between palpation and ultrasound for evaluation of effusion in the medial femorotibial and femoropatellar joint compartments of horses.

To compare palpation and ultrasound scores of effusion of the medial femorotibial and femoropatellar joints of horses. 40 horses (80 stifles) were evaluated over a 12-week period. Horses > 1 year of age without history of stifle disease were enrolled from September to December 2022. Palpation of right and left medial femorotibial and femoropatellar joint compartments was performed. Amount of effusion was scored by a board-certified large animal surgeon, a third-year large animal surgery resident, and an equine sports medicine intern. Effusion of right and left medial femorotibial and femoropatellar joints was quantified with ultrasound by a board-certified equine sports medicine and rehabilitation clinician. Amount of effusion on palpation and ultrasound was graded as none-mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3). A 2-way intraclass correlation coefficient evaluated interrater reliability of palpation scores. The Spearman rank correlation determined association between palpation and ultrasound scores. Interrater reliability for palpation of effusion was poor between all observers for all joint compartments. No significant correlation was identified between palpation and ultrasound scores for any joint compartment for any observer. Clinicians often rely on palpation of joint effusion as an indication of stifle pathology. We found interrater reliability to be poor for palpation scores, indicating low agreement for palpation of joint effusion between clinicians within our group. No correlation was found between palpation and ultrasound scores for joint effusion, indicating that clinicians should not rely on palpation alone to quantify joint effusion of the medial femorotibial and femoropatellar joints.

How do people with long COVID utilize COVID-19 vaccination and rehabilitation services and what are their experiences with these services? results of a qualitative study with 48 participants from Germany

BackgroundStudies estimate that at least 7.5% of adults are affected by long-term symptoms such as fatigue or cognitive impairment after the acute phase of COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccination may reduce the risk of long COVID. Rehabilitation can have a positive impact on recovery. This study aims to present the experiences of people with long COVID with COVID-19 vaccination and rehabilitation. Such research is important because perceptions of these measures can impact healthcare utilization and health status.Methods48 adults with long COVID participated in this qualitative study, 25 of them in one-on-one interviews and 23 in focus groups. Participants were recruited via calls for participation on the websites and social media channels of two university hospitals and with the help of respondents’ networks. The conversations were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Subsequently, the results were compared, interpreted, and discussed by scientific literature.Results35 study participants reported that they had received a COVID-19 vaccination and 16 of them stated that they had utilized a rehabilitation service. These participants had varying experiences with COVID-19 vaccination and rehabilitation. Nine of them stated that they developed long COVID despite vaccination before COVID-19. Ten participants reported vaccine reactions, and two participants reported severe side effects. Two participants reported persistent deterioration of their long COVID symptoms after vaccination. This led to uncertainty about the safety, benefits, and handling of COVID-19 vaccination. However, most participants perceived the vaccine as effective regarding milder COVID-19 sequelae. Four participants felt their rehabilitation was helpful and four participants felt it was unhelpful. Two persons found the combination of inpatient rehabilitation and rehabilitation sport helpful.ConclusionsSeveral implications can be derived from this study: (1) researchers should explore the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on long COVID symptoms; (2) vaccination campaigns should be more responsive to the perspectives of people with long COVID on vaccination; (3) care planners should build rehabilitation facilities specialized in long COVID; (4) rehabilitation providers should train their professionals regarding long COVID and develop rehabilitation programs tailored to different clinical pictures.Trial registrationGerman register for clinical trials DRKS00026007, 09 September 2021.

Peculiarities of the application of physical culture and sports rehabilitation of adolescents aged 12-15 years with Down syndrome in rehabilitation centers for persons with disabilities

In the article, based on the study of scientific literature, an analysis of the peculiarities of physical culture and sports rehabilitation of adolescents aged 12-15 years with Down syndrome in rehabilitation centers for persons with disabilities was carried out. In the course of the obtained data, the problem of the use of physical culture and sports rehabilitation of adolescents aged 12-15 years with Down syndrome in rehabilitation centers for persons with disabilities was identified and considered. It is indicated that physical culture and sports rehabilitation of adolescents aged 12-15 years with Down syndrome is aimed at restoring their cognitive functions, aerobic capacity, development of balance, muscle strength and functional abilities of the body. Among the main goals of physical culture and sports rehabilitation of teenagers with Down syndrome, scientists include: increasing muscle strength; increase in muscle endurance; increasing the stability of the joints in case of hypermobility of the joints; teaching the control mechanisms of postural stability, balance, coordination and controlled abilities; correction of posture and correct body position. The peculiarities of the use of means and methods of physical culture and sports rehabilitation of adolescents aged 12-15 years with Down syndrome in rehabilitation centers for persons with disabilities were analyzed. It is indicated that the means of physical culture and sports rehabilitation in the process of recovery of teenagers with Down's syndrome should ensure improvement of existing and development of new skills of motor functions; development of alternative dynamics in case of impaired motor functions; motivation to improve health. The advantages of using physical culture and sports rehabilitation in the process of restoring the health of adolescents aged 12-15 with Down syndrome in rehabilitation centers for persons with disabilities have been revealed.

Features of physical education and sports rehabilitation for combat veterans with traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common consequence of combat actions, leading to significant disability of military personnel. The purpose of the article was to characterize the features of physical culture and sports rehabilitation of combatants with TBI. Scientific publications on medical and physical rehabilitation of individuals with traumatic brain injuries were analyzed. It was found that the integrated use of kinesitherapy, physical exercises, motor learning, sensory stimulation and cognitive training is effective. It is indicated that mine-explosive injury, which dominates among combat injuries, is often combined and accompanied by damage to several anatomical areas. It is the main cause of military casualties. Combat traumatic brain injuries cause severe and combined injuries, which causes high mortality and disability due to the development of a wide range of disorders. This significantly worsens the quality of life of victims. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the Ukrainian health care system will continuously face the consequences of war for the civilian population and military. Veterans will need not only timely and highly qualified medical care, but also long-term rehabilitation, which will contribute to their full reintegration into post-war society. The features of the development of long-term consequences of TBI in combat veterans have been insufficiently studied and need to be investigated to improve the rehabilitation and quality of life of victims, return them to labor and social activity. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a special program of physical culture and sports rehabilitation for this category of combat veterans.

Features of physical education and sports rehabilitation for teenagers with hearing impairments

The number of children suffering from partial or complete hearing loss is steadily increasing according to the Worldwide organization protection health. This trend is a cause for concern, as this condition can hinder a child's overall development and social adaptation. The aim of this article was to characterize the features of physical and sports rehabilitation for adolescents with hearing impairments. Scientific publications on physical and health rehabilitation of children with partial or complete hearing loss were analyzed. The effectiveness of physical exercises, massage, the use of technical rehabilitation means, methods of correction of motor disorders, swimming training, and activation of cognitive activity were revealed. It was indicated that hearing impairment leads to underdevelopment of speech, slowing down or specific development of other functions associated with the affected organ, which slows down mental development as a whole. Underdevelopment in the functioning of some sensory organs and the relative preservation of others are also characteristic. A correlation was found between hearing impairments and the characteristics of the development of the emotional sphere, attention, memory, and thinking. Such features negatively affect the quality of life of a child, especially during adolescence, since this stage is considered critical. Attention is drawn to the fact that modern Ukrainian state policy is aimed at the formation and strengthening of democratic egalitarian attitudes, as well as the recognition of each person regardless of their physical, mental, or intellectual state. This leads to the expansion of the infrastructure of social rehabilitation institutions to help families raising children with disabilities. The implementation of this strategy lies in the development of a rehabilitation process that takes into account the individual capabilities of each child with problems in physical, intellectual, social, and psychological status. The conclusion was made about the necessity and relevance of developing a program of physical and sports rehabilitation for adolescents with hearing impairments.

Creating a Rehabilitation Sports Public Service Information Systems Using Service Design Thinking: Physical Activity Management of the Disabled after Discharge in the Republic of Korea.

The Republic of Korea has established an institutional framework to expedite the provision of rehabilitation sports public services to individuals with disabilities post-hospital discharge (Act on Guarantee of Right to Health and Access to Health Services for People with Disabilities in December 2017). Regrettably, this service remains non-operational to date. This study employs a service design approach to identify and develop essential elements for the effective implementation of public rehabilitation sports services in Korea. Adopting the service design method, including the empathize-define-ideate-prototype phases, co-creation activities were conducted with three teams comprising people with disabilities, caregivers, rehabilitation physicians, specialized sports instructors, facility managers, and government officials, emphasizing equitable distribution. By leveraging the experiences of people with disabilities, these teams collaboratively engaged in creative activities to formulate strategies for delivering prompt and user-friendly rehabilitation sports public services post-hospital discharge. Contributions from each team were meticulously collected and organized, incorporating diverse perspectives into the development of the Korean Rehabilitation Sports Public Service Information System (KRSPSIS). Additionally, we presented a scenario illustrating the practical application of the KRSPSIS. Through this system, we anticipate providing more efficient and convenient rehabilitation sports public services to individuals with disabilities during the critical early stages following hospital discharge.

Measurement of 3D Wrist Angles by Combining Textile Stretch Sensors and AI Algorithm.

The wrist is one of the most complex joints in our body, composed of eight bones. Therefore, measuring the angles of this intricate wrist movement can prove valuable in various fields such as sports analysis and rehabilitation. Textile stretch sensors can be easily produced by immersing an E-band in a SWCNT solution. The lightweight, cost-effective, and reproducible nature of textile stretch sensors makes them well suited for practical applications in clothing. In this paper, wrist angles were measured by attaching textile stretch sensors to an arm sleeve. Three sensors were utilized to measure all three axes of the wrist. Additionally, sensor precision was heightened through the utilization of the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) technique, a subtype of deep learning. Rather than fixing the measurement values of each sensor to specific axes, we created an algorithm utilizing the coupling between sensors, allowing the measurement of wrist angles in three dimensions. Using this algorithm, the error angle of wrist angles measured with textile stretch sensors could be measured at less than 4.5°. This demonstrated higher accuracy compared to other soft sensors available for measuring wrist angles.

The Effect of Kinesiophobia on Return to Sports After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review

Background and Aims Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the injuries that can permanently end the professional courier of an athlete. Almost half of athletes cannot return to their competitive levels before injury, even after successful rehabilitation. For this reason, there is another factor besides physical factors in not returning to sports practice, which in most studies is attributed to psychological factors. Fear of re-injury and fear of movement (kinesiophobia) are factors that prevent athletes from returning to sports activities after the reconstruction of the ACL. Many studies have examined the psychological factors after reconstruction and injury of the ACL. However, no study has so far examined and concluded about kinesiophobia after ACL reconstruction. Methods In this study, we searched published studies from 2000 to 2020 examining the effect of kinesiophobia on return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. In this study, we searched the relevant articles considering specialized English and Persian keywords, including «fear of movement,» «fear of re-injury,» «kinesiophobia,» «psychological factors of exercise,» «return to sport,» and «anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction» in academic Persian and English databases: Google Scholar, TRIP, PEDro, PubMed, Irandoc, SID, and Magiran. Results After the search, 162 articles were initially found. After reviewing the abstracts, 57 articles were remained. Then, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 articles were finally selected for inclusion in this study. Conclusion According to research findings, fear of movement and fear of re-injury in athletes after ACL reconstruction can delay their return to sports activities. This setback can reduce the quality of life and participation in sports and recreational games and causes depression and stress. Different rehabilitation approaches are highly effective in gaining various results after the reconstruction of ACL. Because physical and psychological improvement do not advance in parallel, it seems necessary to establish a new approach in sports rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction.

Utilizing Wearable Technology to Enhance Training and Performance Monitoring in Indonesian Badminton Players

This research delves into the integration of wearable technology and sports rehabilitation in the training of Indonesian badminton players. The study explores both realized and potential impacts, considering biomechanical refinement, performance optimization, strategic development, and injury prevention. Challenges in implementation, including resource accessibility and psychological readiness, are addressed, accompanied by recommendations for improvement. The potential impacts of enhanced skill acquisition, cognitive training advancements, personalized programs, and global competitiveness are discussed. This transformative journey signifies a paradigm shift in Indonesian badminton training, promising continuous innovation and excellence.

Research Progress on the Implementation of the FHIR Framework in Sports Medicine Applications

Understanding the current status of Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) applications in the real world would be beneficial for sports medicine research and rehabilitation studies. It would further promote the development of the athlete ecosystem. This paper examines the applications and research progress of the FHIR framework in the field of sports medicine applications at home and abroad in recent years, compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between CardinalKit FHIR and different frameworks, discusses the opportunities and challenges faced by FHIR currently, and constructs interoperable sports medicine applications using FHIR and CardinalKit FHIR. CardinalKit FHIR is a helpful framework for any developer wishing to build innovative medical solutions using FHIR. Developers can break down data silos, improve athlete injury care, enhance performance monitoring, simplify management tasks, and pave the way for the future of Internet medicine.

Evaluation and Monitoring System for Exercise Rehabilitation Based on Combined Chinese and Western Medicine Technology

INTRODUCTION: Developing exercise rehabilitation assessment and monitoring systems is essential in rehabilitation medicine. Introduces a sports rehabilitation assessment and monitoring system based on combining Chinese and Western medicine technology, aiming to integrate traditional Chinese and Western medicine theory and modern Western medicine technology to provide more comprehensive and personalized rehabilitation services. Through the systematic integration of technologies, the author is committed to building an efficient and precise rehabilitation system to provide patients with more scientific and practical rehabilitation programs. OBJECTIVE: The research system employs various sensor technologies, including motion capture devices, biosensors, and pulse recognition technology, by combining Chinese and Western medicine. The motion capture device enables real-time monitoring of the patient's movement trajectory, joint mobility, and other physiological indicators; the biosensor collects the patient's physiological data, such as heart rate and blood pressure. Meanwhile, Chinese and Western medicine pulse recognition technology was introduced to obtain pulse information specific to Chinese and Western medicine to provide more comprehensive data support for rehabilitation assessment. Integrating these technologies, a multi-level and multi-dimensional rehabilitation assessment system was established. METHODS: This study aims to improve the accuracy and personalization of the rehabilitation assessment and to tailor a rehabilitation plan more in line with the patient's actual situation. Through the combination of Chinese and Western medicine techniques, it aims to break the single perspective of traditional rehabilitation assessment and make the rehabilitation plan closer to the physiological characteristics and pathological state of the patients as well as the needs of the combination of Chinese and Western medicine in the identification and treatment. RESULTS: The system has achieved remarkable results in practical application. The accurate monitoring of the motion capture device provides a more comprehensive understanding of the patient's motor status and accurately analyzes the rehabilitation progress. At the same time, the data collection of biosensors provides doctors with more detailed physiological information, enabling them to formulate rehabilitation plans more comprehensively. The introduction of combined Chinese and Western medicine pulse recognition technology adds a unique auxiliary diagnostic tool of collaborative Chinese and Western medicine to the rehabilitation assessment and improves the personalized level of the rehabilitation plan. CONCLUSION: The sports rehabilitation assessment and monitoring system combining Chinese and Western medicine technology brings new ideas and methods for developing rehabilitation medicine. By fully utilizing the advantages of modern technology and traditional medical knowledge, a comprehensive and in-depth rehabilitation assessment system was constructed to provide patients with more scientific and caring rehabilitation services. Future research will optimize the system's performance and promote the broad application of integrated Chinese and Western medicine technology in rehabilitation.

Ego-perspective enhanced fitness training experience of AR Try to Move game

AR, a recent emerging technology, has been widely used in entertainment to provide users with immersive, interactive, and, sometimes, engaging experiences. The process of rehabilitation treatment and motor training process is often boring, and it is well known that users exercise efficiency is often not as efficient as in a rehabilitation institution. Thus far, there is no effective upper limb sports rehabilitation training game based on the ego-perspective. Hence, with the objective of enhancing the enjoyment experience in rehabilitation and more effective remote rehabilitation training, this work aims to provide an AR Try to Move game and a convolutional neural network (CNN) for identifying and classifying user gestures from a self-collected AR multiple interactive gestures dataset. Utilizing an AR game scoring system, users are incentivized to enhance their upper limb muscle system through remote training with greater effectiveness and convenience.

International survey of equine orthopaedic specialists reveals diverse treatment strategies for horses with overriding spinous processes.

Overriding spinous processes, also known as 'kissing spines', are one of the most common causes of back pain in horses. The aim of this study was to investigate which options for diagnosis and treatment are preferred by equine orthopaedic specialists and assess which techniques are used for local injection. An online survey was distributed among members of the European/American College of Veterinary Surgeons, the European/American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, the International Society of Equine Locomotor Pathology and nationally recognised advanced equine orthopaedic practitioners. The survey was completed by 353 respondents. The injection techniques most commonly used involve placing two needles abaxial to the interspinous space (42%) under ultrasonographic guidance (32%) or one needle in the midline (35%) between two spinous processes. The most popular combination for overriding dorsal spinous process therapy was local injection (26.7%) combined with controlled exercise (25.5%). Manual therapy was considered by 42% of European and 25% of American specialists (p = 0.01). Surgical intervention as a first-line treatment was recommended mainly by specialists working in the United States, the UK or Ireland (p = 0.001). Overall, most equine orthopaedic veterinarians (71%; n = 201) preferred conservative management and recommended surgery only for horses that did not respond to conservative therapy. Respondents' personal bias may have skewed the findings. Despite a growing body of evidence, the therapeutic approach to 'kissing spines' in horses is influenced by professional specialisation and regional preferences. Variations in injection techniques and differing criteria for surgical intervention warrant further investigation.

Assessment of Self-report, Palpation, and Surface Electromyography Dataset During Isometric Muscle Contraction

Measuring muscle fatigue involves assessing various components within the motor system. While subjective and sensor-based measures have been proposed, a comprehensive comparison of these assessment measures is currently lacking. This study aims to bridge this gap by utilizing three commonly used measures: participant self-reported perceived muscle fatigue scores, a sports physiotherapist’s manual palpation-based muscle tightness scores, and surface electromyography sensors. Compensatory muscle fatigue occurs when one muscle group becomes fatigued, leading to the involvement and subsequent fatigue of other muscles as they compensate for the workload. The evaluation of compensatory muscle fatigue focuses on nine different upper body muscles selected by the sports physiotherapist. With a cohort of 30 male subjects, this study provides a valuable dataset for researchers and healthcare practitioners in sports science, rehabilitation, and human performance. It enables the exploration and comparison of diverse methods for evaluating different muscles in isometric contraction.

The effect of a rehabilitation program using some exercises and ultrasound on the posterior shoulder muscle tear in athletes


 Excessive physical pressure causes injury. It may occur at a sudden moment and is usually the result of an error in the application or an unexpected accident, or it may arise as a result of repeated injury to the same place, which leads to serious injury if it continues to occur. Hence the need to use methods and techniques in Treatment and rehabilitation of sports injuries and rehabilitation of the injured faster and better, a research problem is whether rehabilitative exercises with the ultrasound device have a role in improving the strength and range of motion of the injured hidden shoulder muscle. The current research aims to prepare rehabilitative exercises with an ultrasound device to rehabilitate the rupture of the posterior shoulder muscle in some athletes and to identify the preference of the program through the pre and post tests. To achieve this goal, the researcher used the experimental approach in one group design (pre-post). As for the research community, the researcher identified his research community in the intentional way, which is represented by the players with rupture of the posterior shoulder muscle from the Muthanna Governorate clubs, who numbered (8) injured (handball, volleyball, gymnastics, and wrestling). The researchers used tests that measure the extent of injury improvement, by testing (Kinetic range of the shoulder joint) As for the rehabilitation program, it took (6) weeks to be implemented, at the rate of (3) units per week, bringing the total number of rehabilitation units to (18) units, as the first and second week included ultrasound sessions only. As for the rehabilitative exercises, they were applied from the third week to the sixth week, at a rate of four weeks, as the number of units reached (12) rehabilitative units.
 

Synthesis of surgeon and rehabilitation therapist treatment methods of bicipital tenosynovitis in dogs allows development of an initial consensus therapeutic protocol.

To compare the therapeutic approach of surgical specialists, sports medicine and rehabilitation specialists, and veterinarians with rehabilitation certification when treating bicipital tendon disease or tenosynovitis in dogs and to combine this information with existing research to develop a treatment algorithm that provides a framework for treating bicipital tenosynovitis. 223 respondents to an internet survey of board-certified veterinary surgeons, board-certified sports medicine and rehabilitation therapists, and veterinarians with rehabilitation certification. The survey was promoted via multiple listservs, specialist college newsletters, and private relevant social media sites. Answers were compiled and submitted for statistical analysis. Compared to rehabilitation therapists (RTh), surgeons placed less value on the stabilizing function of the biceps tendon and its role in preventing other shoulder morbidities. Similarly, compared to RTh, surgeons were more inclined to select surgery as the primary therapeutic approach and attributed a less optimistic prognosis to conservative therapy outcomes. There were multiple differences between surgeons and RTh in executing a conservative therapy program, with RTh more likely to recommend therapeutic exercise, extracorporeal shockwave, regenerative medicine, therapeutic ultrasound, exercise restriction, photobiomodulation, and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy. RTh were less likely to prescribe NSAIDS or inject corticosteroids. Despite the above noted differences, there were also multiple areas of agreement. Consensus agreement, combined with existing research, was used to create a treatment algorithm suggesting how to best address multiple manifestations of bicipital tendinopathy. Such guidelines can be considered to direct therapeutic strategies for this common condition.

Athletic Rehabilitation Specialist's Role in Raising the Level of the Players of Some Sports Clubs in the West Bank

This study aims to recognize the athletic rehabilitation specialist’s role in raising the level of players of some sports clubs in the West Bank from the viewpoint of athletes, the study depends on the analytical descriptive approach, and the sample of the study contained 74 male and female players. The study relied on the questionnaire as a tool for data collection, and the validity and stability of performance were confirmed. The results of the study indicated the importance of the role of sports rehabilitation specialists in raising the level of players of some sports clubs in the West Bank. It also found no significant differences in the view of different sports players about the importance of an athletic rehabilitation specialist due to the type and age variable of the athlete. While there are significant differences due to the type of sport variable in favor of team sports. The study recommended the need to have an athletic rehabilitation specialist among the training staff in sports clubs in the West Bank.

Experiences of a student with a visual impairment transitioning to higher education: A narrative inquiry

Transition to higher education is a considerable period of change for students, and can be a particularly challenging time for students with a visual impairment. The aim of this study was to understand the transition experiences of an undergraduate student in Sport Rehabilitation with a visual impairment. A narrative inquiry was conducted with one participant purposively sampled due to being certified severely sight impaired. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview, and analysed by creating narrative threads within Clandinin and Connelly’s three-dimensional framework. The social influence of role models, peers, and staff were noted in relation to their impact on confidence and feeling of fitting in. Navigating the campus, teaching spaces, and demonstrations were all highlighted as spatial factors that affected independence and participation during transition. Time-related aspects such a personal development, proactivity, and pre-, during, and post-teaching session experiences were identified as key considerations. The narratives uncovered should serve as a tool to trigger reflection on previous teaching practice, and inform future direction. The findings and recommendations within this study will benefit transition and inclusivity for students with a visual impairment, particularly on Sport Rehabilitation or other healthcare programmes, allowing them to study and practice effectively.

Assessing Differences and Implications of Two Methods for Calculating Outcomes in the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test

Background : The Lower Quarter Y-balance test (YBT-LQ) is a widely used tool in the field of sports medicine and rehabilitation. Interestingly, there are inconsistencies in the literature regarding the methodology for calculating YBT-LQ outcomes.