Sport In Japan Research Articles

Secular Contrasts in Physical Fitness and Athletic Skills in Japanese Elementary School Students (11-Year-Olds).

Since 1964, Japan has been conducting a wide fitness and athletic skills evaluation among 2000-3000 school children. This study used data made public by the Japan Sports Agency from four events that have continuously been evaluated from 1964 to 2021-grip strength, 50 meter dash, repetitive side jumps, and softball throw-to depict a secular trend over the course of 58 years. This is to statistically categorize these into generations, establishing secular contrast by identifying high and low scores for each event within the categorized generations, with the intent to examine the factors embedded within the background. The generations that had the highest average across all four events were the measurements made in 1970-1993 for males and in 1972-1994 for females. Changes made to the curriculum guidelines may have played a role in the differences found within each event. The goal of physical education and its syllabus and assigned hours in the curriculum guidelines are revised approximately every 10 years to meet social demand. Changes in the social and living environments surrounding children may be exhibited in the form of secular contrast in the measured physical fitness and athletic skills.

Using wet-bulb globe temperature meters to examine the effect of heat on various tennis court surfaces

In this study, we evaluated the thermal environments of different tennis courts using wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) meters. WBGT meters were installed in an outdoor hard court, sand-filled artificial grass court, and clay court (a softball field), and measurements were taken hourly from 9:00 to 17:00 on weekdays from June 1 to September 21, 2022. The results were compared with data from different courts and the nearest Japan Meteorological Agency station (JMA WBGT) based on the Japan Sports Association’s guidelines for exercise to prevent heat stroke. The median WBGT on each court was significantly higher for hard courts at the “Warning” (25 ≤ JMA WBGT < 28) level or above, sand-filled artificial grass courts at the “Severe Warning” (28 ≤ JMA WBGT < 31) level or above, and clay courts at the “Danger” (31 ≤ JMA WBGT) level than the JMA WBGT. Compared with the JMA WBGT, hard and sand-filled artificial grass courts are played on under particularly hot conditions. The results of this study could indicate to tournament organizers and coaches the importance of measuring the WBGT on each court surface from an early stage to prevent heat-related incidents.

An academic cooperation between the Japan Sports Nutrition Association (JSNA) and the Korean Society for Exercise Nutrition (KSEN).

The Japan Sports Nutrition Association (JSNA) is an academic society that aims to contribute to people's health and the development of sports in Japan. After numerous communication and academic events, the JSNA and the Korean Society for Exercise Nutrition (KSEN) exchanged a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in 2018. Based on the MoU, the JSNA and KSEN organized academic exchange events until the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic and subsequent travel restrictions and lockdowns. After four years of the pandemic and the downgrading of Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection risk, it is hoped that academic exchanges between the societies will resume gradually and enhance members' recognition of the cooperation between the JSNA and KSEN for active collaborations in the future.

Practice and relevance of sports psychiatry in promoting athletes’ mental health in Japan

Abstract: Introduction: This article outlines the important and varied role of sports psychiatrists in Japan and highlights the unique challenges and contributions of sports psychiatry to improving the mental health and performance of athletes. The report emphasizes the need for accurate assessment, diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems in athletes and recognizes the cultural stigmas and pressures specific to competitive sport in Japan. Methods: The paper first reviews the development of sports psychiatry with reference to the founding principles of the International Society for Sports Psychiatry and the Japan Association of Sports Psychiatry. It examines the integration of sport into psychiatric care and vice versa and indicates the value of research in the relationship between exercise and mental well-being. Results: This paper also explores the development of comprehensive diagnostic guidelines, the creation of tailored therapeutic approaches in clinical practice, the promotion of collaborative research to advance the field, and the educational development of psychological specialists. The role of sport psychiatrists in education and public awareness is examined, as well as the importance of destigmatizing mental illness in sport and improving mental health literacy among athletes and their support networks. Conclusion: Overall, this article describes the evolving and multifaceted role of sports psychiatrists in Japan, highlighting their crucial contributions to athlete care, research, education and public awareness. It advocates a flexible and adaptable approach to meeting the ever-changing demands of sports and upholding the mental health needs of athletes.

Characteristics of injuries related to Kin-Ball sport in Japan: A questionnaire study

IntroductionThe number of Kin-Ball sport participants is expected to increase in the future. However, there is no report on the characteristics of the injuries associated with Kin-Ball sport. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of injuries relate to Kin-Ball sport. Design: Observational study. Setting: A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Participants: One hundred ninety Kin-Ball sport participants were included in this study. Main Outcome Measures: The questionnaire was designed based on physical characteristics, participation in Kin-Ball sport, and Kin-Ball sport injuries. Participation in Kin-Ball sport includes the length of time spent playing Kin-Ball sport as well as the playing categories (junior, friendly, champion challenge, champion, over 40). Kin-Ball sport injuries include the presence or absence of injury experience, the site, type, situation, and current injuries or pain associated with Kin-Ball sport. ResultsOne hundred fifty-two players (80%) of Kin-Ball sport participants were injured. The ankle was the most frequently visited body site (60; 22.1%), and the elbow was the second most visited body site (40; 14.8%). Sprains were the most common type of injury. ConclusionThis is the first study to describe the characteristics of injuries relate to Kin-Ball sport. The findings of this study could be beneficial for athletes, coaches, trainers, and clinicians to prevent, or treatment of the injuries.

Promotion and Framework Act on Sport in South Korea and Japan : A Comparative Study

PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the enactment and background of Korean and Japanese sports laws, comparatively analyze the major sports-related laws of both countries, namely Korean National Sports Promotion Act, Japanese Sport Promotion Act, and the Framework Act on Sport of both countries, and derive implications for the Korean Framework Act on Sport, sports-related laws, and sports policy.METHODS Research related to sports law were collected through academic databases and major search portals in both countries and analyzed.RESULTS First, as reviewed in previous studies, the Korean National Sports Promotion Act at the time of its enactment imitated the Japanese Sport Promotion Act in almost all articles. Second, Japanese Basic Act on sport, which was a complete revision of Japanese Sport Promotion Act, further expanded the concept of “sports,” and specified nonexistent “sports rights,” “sport nation,” and “sport as a universally shared human culture,” was evaluated as having quasi-constitutional character. Third, the Framework Act on Sport of both countries specified similar sports policies and concepts in many individual articles. The Korea’s Framework Act on Sport independently included articles for superordinate law, spread of sports values into environmental and political fields, inter-Korean exchange and cooperation in sports, sports donation culture, and so on . Japan’s Basic Act on Sport independently specified preamble, sports integrity-related articles, articles for prompt and appropriate resolution of sports disputes, and for promoting anti-doping activities, and so on.CONCLUSIONS This study offers suggestions for clarifying the legal concepts of “sports” and “physical education,” resolving contradictions in the articles of the Korean Sports-related Act, establishing an independent sports policy implementation organization, establishing the legal system of the Korean Sports-related Act, and supporting the “life career” from the time of active athletes.

Development of a Reverse-Yield Factor Database Disaggregating Japanese Composite Foods into Raw Primary Commodity Ingredients Based on the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan.

The reverse-yield factor (RF) database was developed for qualitatively and quantitatively disaggregating Japanese composite foods into raw primary commodity (RPC) ingredients. Representative equations for four types (dried, salted, fermented and mixed foods) were developed to calculate RFs using the food content and composition data for composite foods listed in the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan-2020-(STFCJ), published by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. Out of 1150 composite foods identified in the STFCJ, RFs for 54 dried, 41 salted, 40 fermented and 818 mixed foods were obtained. RFs for 197 mixed foods could not be calculated because these foods were produced from ingredients with no specified information and/or through complex processing. The content and composition of Japanese composite foods would be interpreted representatively by RFs in the developed database.

(Invited) Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition of WS2 on Patterned Substrate

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted much attention in recent years due to their excellent electrical properties and unique nature. Tungsten disulfide (WS2) , as a representative TMD, is a typical two-dimensional stacking material with moderately wide band gap (single layer: 2.03 eV, bulk: 1.32 eV) and, therefore, has led to active application research in various fields. In particular, large-area, few-layer WS2 is expected to have high potential as a channel material for MOSFETs in the next-generation LSIs because of relatively high carrier mobility even in the extremely thin film. Recently, we have succeeded in fabricating continuous WS2 thin films on Si substrates at low temperatures using newly developed organometallic precursor [1]. In this study, we further report the film characteristics and our attempts to deposit films on Fin structures in order to evaluate their applicability to the next-generation channel materials, which should have complicated 3-dimesional structure.In the experiment, n-BuNC-W(CO)5 was synthesized for WS2 deposition. This novel precursor is a liquid above 35 °C with stable vapor supply. It is also expected to interact with the substrate efficiently due to its polarity in the molecule. The vapor pressure is 1.2 torr at 115 °C, which is an appropriate for a CVD precursor. As a sulfur precursor, (t-C4H9)2S2, which is non-toxic in contrast to H2S, was adopted. WS2 thin films were grown by MOCVD in a cold-wall reactor, using the organic compounds introduced above as precursors for W and S, respectively, on flat and patterned silicon (001) substrates at 300 to 350 °C for 5 to 15 minutes. The deposited films were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Raman spectroscopy (excitation wavelength: 355 nm), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Figure 1 summarizes the evaluation results of the WS2 film deposited on the flat substrate. W 4f XPS spectrum (Fig. 1 (a)) show that the film is mostly composed of 2H with a possible slight amount of 1T/1T' structure. In conjunction with S 2p spectrum (Fig. 1 (b)), it can be calculated using the relative sensitivity coefficient that the composition ratio of W to S is approximately 2.1, which is close to the stoichiometric ratio. Moreover, it was confirmed the film was stable more than 6 month in the room atmosphere. In the Raman spectrum shown in Fig. 1(c), two peaks appeared at approximately 350 cm-1 and 420 cm-1 corresponding to in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations, respectively, which are consisted of 2H-WS2 specific peaks of A1g (418 cm-1) and E1 2g (351 cm-1). Here, E1 2g might be broadened by the presence of another smaller mode called 2LA(M) (second-order longitudinal elastic mode), which may be attributed to the various distortions in the grown WS2 thin film. These results are also consistent with previous reports. This Raman results indicating the 2H structure of the film is also consistent with the XPS results as well as the previously reported literatures. Fig. 1(d) shows bright-field TEM images. It can be observed that the film continuously covers the substrate, with no voids larger than micrometer scale. The higher magnification image also shows approximately 10 layers of WS2 film grown with a layered structure parallel to the surface. The WS2 layers are stacked with a face spacing of approximately 0.7 nm, whose distance correlates well with the theoretical tungsten-tungsten interlayer distance of 0.62 nm for the bulk material. The domain size can be estimated to be roughly 50-100 nm.Figure 2 shows cross-sectional TEM images of WS2 thin films deposited on Si Fin structures. It can be observed that a continuous layered film is formed along the 3D Fin structure, and the layered structure is parallel to the surface all over the entire Fin structure. However, the number of layers differs depending on the position, with fewer layers on the sidewalls than those on the top surface, and even fewer layers toward the bottom. This may be due to the insufficient supply of precursor deep in the Fin structure. To improve the uniformity and controllability of layer number, further optimization of the deposition conditions such as precursor supply and deposition temperature, including atomic layer deposition technique, is desired.This research was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) under the project JPJ011438 for the creation of a center for the creation of next-generation X-nics semiconductors.[1] C. Kirito, K. Yamazaki, Y. Hibino, Y. Hashimoto, H. Machida, M. Ishikawa, H. Sudoh, H. Wakabayashi, R. Yokogawa and A. Ogura, ECS Trans. 104, 3 (2021). Figure 1

Metabolic syndrome is linked to the incidence of pancreatic cancer

Although previous studies have showed that metabolic syndrome is one of the contributors of pancreatic cancer, there is no clear consensus that early stages of metabolic syndrome are linked to increased incidence of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we confirmed the linkage between metabolic syndrome and pancreatic cancer, and shown that even early stage of metabolic syndrome is linked to pancreatic cancer in the retrospective observational study. We recruited approximately 4.6 million Japanese in 2005 and followed up these subjects for more than 10 years. At the time of the enrollment, after obtaining clinical data with prescribed drugs and examining the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), we followed up on these subjects with and without MetS to examine the incidence of pancreatic cancer. The modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATPIII) were used to define MetS. During the 40.7-month average follow-up period for 2,707,296 subjects with complete data for identifying MetS and important risk factors without pancreatic cancer before the enrollment, 87,857 suffered from pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancers occurred in 16,154 of 331,229 subjects (4.9%) in the MetS group and 71,703 of 2,376,067 patients (3.0%) in the non-MetS group (hazard ratio (HR), 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-1.39; p<0.0001 after the adjustment with age, smoking and sex). As the number of the constituent factors of MetS increased from one to five, the incidence of pancreatic cancer correspondingly increased (HR: 1.11, 1.23, 1.42, 1.66 and 2.03 using Cox proportional hazard models, p<0.0001 each). When we defined MetS using the Japanese criteria, the results are in accord with the results using NCEP/ATPIII. Especially pre-metabolic syndrome (pre-MetS) in the Japanese criteria was tightly linked to the incidence of pancreatic cancers. MetS is confirmed to be linked to pancreatic cancer. Although we cannot conclude causality. We also demonstrated the link between pre-MetS and pancreatic cancer. The sponsors of the study were Japanese Heart Foundation and Japan Cardiovascular Research Foundation. This is also partially supported by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; and Grants-in-Aid from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development.

Lifestyle Sports and Public Education in Japan: New Collectivism, Contest(ed) Benefits, and Community Revitalization in Aoshima’s Surfing Bukatsu

Physical activity levels among youth have declined globally during the twentieth century. In Japan, the context of this study, this trend is evidenced through decreasing participation rates in school sports bukatsu [extracurricular club activities], where youth participation in sport and physical activity have become a growing concern. Research suggests that incorporating lifestyle sports into the public education curriculum may better align with current youth trends, thereby helping to address these challenges, but little empirical research exist, particularly outside Western contexts. The purpose of this study is to address this gap by offering contextual insights into how the lifestyle sport of surfing is being incorporated into the public education system in Japan, and how this transforms the meanings of both surfing and bukatsu in new and interesting ways. Drawing on the case of Aoshima Junior High School’s Surfing Bukatsu, ethnographic fieldwork was conducted over a two-week period in July 2021 and included participant observation, focus groups with students and parents, and 22 in-depth interviews with various stakeholders. Three themes emerged that guide the interpretation and discussion: (1) a “new collectivism” fostered amongst members of the surfing bukatsu, (2) a “contest(ed) surf style” that marked a tension between the competitive and the informal benefits associated with lifestyle sports, and (3) the role of surfing bukatsu in school/community revitalization. The study shows how incorporating lifestyle sports in PE curricula has the potential to encourage a co-constitutive practice of student/school/community development.

Radiological Findings of the Lumbar Spine in High School and Collegiate Sumo Wrestlers.

Sumo wrestling is a traditional sport in Japan and becoming popular worldwide. Risk factors for lower back injuries in sumo wrestlers are heavier weight and larger body mass index (BMI). The mawashi (loincloth belt) worn by sumo wrestlers has been shown to restrict motion of the lumbar spine. To study the effects of sumo wrestling on the lumbar spine of high school and freshmen collegiate wrestlers, investigating the relationship between radiological findings, wearing of the mawashi during training, and lower back symptoms. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. From 2001 to 2017, a total of 197 members of the Japanese Sumo Federation (55 high school and 142 college freshman students) underwent routine radiographic examination of their lumbar spines and answered a questionnaire regarding lumbar symptoms. Wrestlers were classified as symptomatic and asymptomatic based on responses to a custom questionnaire. We used the unpaired t test to evaluate patient demographics and the chi square test to analyze radiographic lumbar spine abnormalities between symptomatic and asymptomatic wrestlers. The wrestlers' mean height, weight, BMI, and duration in the sport were 174.0 ± 6.7 cm, 107.1 ± 22.4 kg, 35.2 ± 6.4, and 8.0 ± 3.2 years, respectively. There were 91 participants in the symptomatic group (46.2%) and 106 (53.8%) in the asymptomatic group. Ten wrestlers (5.1%) had osteophyte formations in the lumbar body; 8 of the 11 osteophytes (72.7%) appeared in the upper lumbar spine. Of the total, 48 wrestlers (24.4%) had deformities (Schmorl nodules) in the lumbar body, and 23 of 50 (46.0%) and 10 of 16 (62.5%) deformities were found in the upper lumbar spine of collegiate and high school wrestlers, respectively. Five wrestlers of the total 197 athletes (2.5%) had disc space narrowing in the lumbar body, with 3 of the 5 cases of disc space narrowing (60.0%) found in the upper lumbar spine. Spondylolysis in the lumbar body was found in 25 wrestlers (12.7%); 19 of the 91 symptomatic wrestlers (20.9%) had spondylolysis, compared with 6 of the 106 (5.7%) asymptomatic wrestlers (P = .0028). Almost one-third of sumo wrestlers had ≥1 abnormal radiological finding in the lumbar spine. There was a significant relationship between symptomatic wrestlers and spondylolysis.

“Suspending Classes Without Stopping Learning”: An Initiative to Ensure Learning in Japan During the Pandemic

Purpose During Japan's initial pandemic prevention and control period, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (MEXT) issued several notifications to ensure students’ continuous learning according to the “leave no one behind” philosophy. This study focused on the comprehensive measures comprising top-level arrangements to implement the “suspending classes without stopping learning” initiative. Design/Approach/Methods The study reviewed MEXT's guide on ensuring learning for Japanese primary and secondary school students during the pandemic. Findings The pandemic has accelerated the development of the information and communications technology educational environment and the implementation of the Global and Innovation Gateway for All (GIGA) schools initiative. These developments laid the foundation for the evolution of diverse pedagogical models and feasible methods for promoting equity. The home schooling experience during the pandemic provided a natural base for students to practice and foster survivability. Originality/Value This paper provides scholars with an understanding of the opportunities and challenges encountered in educational innovation in Japan. It provides insights into the future direction of pedagogical development, capability development, and effective educational arrangements for extraordinary circumstances to facilitate educational development from a broader perspective, particularly under the new normal.

The Prominence of Rhetoric in Japanese University English Oral Communication Courses

Due to a rapidly globalizing world, there has been a recent resurgence in the demand for university graduates entering the workforce who understand and utilize spoken English rhetorical strategies and techniques. These rhetorical skills are necessary in a wide range of fields (e.g., advertising, communication, international relations, politics, psychology, etc.), yet rhetoric rarely features in EFL or ESL curriculums. With the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in Japan emphasizing the need for English education to specifically foster the development of oral communication skills through the Global Human Resources (GHR) project (2018), there is a definite need for integrating instruction on English rhetorical strategies and techniques into the curricula of higher education. However, explicit rhetorical instruction in EFL and ESL curriculums in Japan almost exclusively focuses on written genres, such as essay writing. The core research question framing this exploratory study is: How prominent is instruction on rhetoric in Japanese university English oral communication courses? This qualitative study firstly examines if rhetoric-based instruction is addressed in a sample of English language oral communication textbooks, before documenting the language learning experiences of ten Japanese university students. An amalgamation of the data reveals a dearth of explicit rhetoric-based instruction in Japanese university English language oral communication courses. The implications of this finding are discussed, and suggestions are then proffered on how to better equip Japanese university graduates with practical English language rhetorical tools so that they may play a more active role in the globalizing world.

A Study on the Basic Characteristics and Coping Strategies of Bullying in Japanese School

Globally, school bullying has become a serious educational and social problem in different countries. Japan has developed a response system with its own characteristics in dealing with bullying in schools. Based on a review of the definitions of bullying and school bullying response measures in Japan at different times, the study is centered on the results of the 2022 survey on bullying in schools conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan and based on the data published by MEXT and the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) in 2022, the study focuses on "early prevention, early detection, early response and response to major incidents", and describes responses in these four aspects at both the national and school levels. The results of the study show that bullying in Japanese schools is becoming more prevalent and serious, the group of school bullying tends to be younger, non-violent psychological harm is the main type of school bullying, and methods of school bullying tend to be more covert, and cyber bullying tends to be more serious. The current response to bullying in schools in Japan emphasizes the strengthening of bullying prevention education from primary school onwards, with a tendency to strengthen education on interpersonal relationships and awareness of collective norms within the school (or classroom) . The specific response to school bullying consists of four components: early prevention, early detection, early response, and response to major incidents. Utilizing the role of the state, regional public bodies, schools, and other institutions is an important way to respond properly to incidents of bullying in schools. Among them, particular emphasis is placed on early detection and early response, and a special response to major incidents of school bullying.

Resilience Building Pedagogies and Women’s University Club Sport in Japan

Resilience Building Pedagogies and Women’s University Club Sport in Japan

Incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury patterns in Japanese judo players from a nationwide insurance database

ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize the age- and sex-specific Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates and related injury patterns in judo players in Japan using the nationwide insurance database. MethodsThis was a descriptive epidemiological study. We examined a total of 2142 adolescents with anterior cruciate ligament injuries registered in the insurance system of the Japan Sports Council between January 2009 and December 2018. The age- and sex-specific incidences were estimated for the levels of 7th, 8th, and 9th grades of junior high school and 10th, 11th, and 12th grades of high school. The anterior cruciate ligament injury circumstances were classified into three patterns based on the impact to the involved knee: high-impact valgus force, low-impact trunk displacement, or no-impact knee twisting. ResultsThe incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury from the 7th to 12th grades were 0.5, 0.9, 0.9, 6.9, 8.6, and 6.1 per 1000 athlete-years in male players and 1.3, 3.8, 3.4, 16.8, 19.5, and 13.6 per 1000 athlete-years in female players. The most prevalent injury pattern was a low-impact contact injury (42.6%) with Osoto-gari, followed by a high-impact contact injury (29.8%). The concomitant medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury rate was 18.1%, which was correlated with a high-impact contact injury (p = 0.005) by multiple regression analysis. ConclusionsThe highest incidence of age- and sex-specific anterior cruciate ligament injury was 19.5 per 1000 athlete-years in female high school students in the 11th grade. The most frequent injury pattern was low-impact contact injury with trunk displacement, indicating that trunk stabilization training could help prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury in judo.

1715-P: Osteopenic Obesity Is Associated with Small Vessel Disease in Old Adults—The Bunkyo Health Study

Obesity is one of the most important causes of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular events. Indeed, while the presence of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) that includes silent brain infarcts, cerebral white matter lesions, and microhemorrhage increased the risk of stroke &amp;gt; 3-fold, and dementia &amp;gt; 2-fold, respectively, obesity has been identified as a risk factor for SVD. On the other hand, low bone mineral density (BMD), is also recognized as a risk factor for SVD. Whereas obesity is generally associated with high BMD, it has recently been reported that there is a special subtype of osteopenic obesity in which obesity and low BMD coexist. Thus, we hypothesized that this osteopenic obesity is at high risk for SVD. To test this hypothesis, we studied 1531 (641 male and 890 female) old adults aged 65 to 85 years without a history of stroke (Bunkyo Health Study). All subjects underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, brain MRI, and blood sampling, and they were classified into four groups according to the presence or absence of obesity and osteopenia (men) or osteoporosis (women) diagnosed by the BMD at the hip joint. The mean age of the subjects was 73.0 years. The prevalence of osteopenic obesity was 7.8% and 8.0% for men and women, respectively. While overall prevalence of SVD was 25% in men and 22% in women, the prevalence of SVD in osteopenic obesity was 46% and 42%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that odds ratio [95% CI] for SVD in control, obesity, osteopenia/osteoporosis and osteopenic obesity were 1.00, 1.203 [0.730-1.982], 0.970 [0.670-1.549] and 3.024 [1.560-5.861] in men and 1.00, 1.452 [0.818-2.575], 1.548 [1.012-2.368], 2.747 [1.489-5.069] in women, respectively. In conclusion, osteopenic obesity was independently associated with the presence of SVD in old adults without a history of stroke. Disclosure N.Ito: None. Y.Yoshizawa: None. H.Watada: Research Support; Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Inc., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, LifeScan Diabetes Institute, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Teijin Pharma Limited, Taisho Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kowa Company, Ltd., Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Speaker's Bureau; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Novo Nordisk, Abbott Japan Co., Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Inc., Sanofi, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K. Y.Tamura: None. H.Kaga: None. Y.Someya: None. H.Tabata: None. S.Kakehi: None. M.Kiya: None. T.Tajima: None. H.Naito: None. Funding Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities (S1411006); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (18H03184); Mizuno Sports Promotion Foundation; Mitsui Life Social Welfare Foundation

1216-P: Effects of Aging after Age 65 on Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Sensitivity, and ß-Cell Function in Japanese—The Bunkyo Health Study

The number of new-onset diabetes cases in elderly adults is on the rise, and it is particularly prominent in Japan in which the ageing rate is the highest in the world. With ageing, both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion deteriorate, however, it remains unclear whether these factors are further exacerbated with ageing in persons older than 65 years. The purpose of this study was to determine age-related changes in glucose tolerance and its related factors in Japanese elderly adults after age 65. Here, we studied 1438 old adults who were not taking oral hypoglycemic agents and were not diagnosed with diabetes. All subjects were assessed for glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index and Adipo-IR (fasting insulin x fasting free fatty acid (FFA)) and β-cell function (insulinogenic index) by 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We divided participants according to age (65-69 years (n=465), 70-74 years (n=422), 75-79 years (n=326), and 80-84 years (n=225)) and compared clinical characteristics by ANOVA and post-hoc analysis. The mean BMI of all subjects was normal range (22.7±3.0kg/m2). The prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes increased with age (7.5%, 11.1%, 12.0%, 18.7%, respectively). Fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin levels and insulinogenic index were comparable among the groups; however, area under the curve (AUC)-glucose and AUC-insulin during the 75g OGTT were significantly higher and Matsuda index and disposition index were significantly lower in the 70-74, 75-79 and 80-84 years groups than in the 65-69 years group. Similarly, percent body fat, fasting FFA and Adipo-IR were significantly higher in the 75-79 and 80-84 years groups than in the 65-69 years group. In conclusion, ageing in Japanese after age 65 is associated with exacerbation of body fat accumulation, adipose tissue and systemic IR, which, combined with decreased β-cell compensatory function, leads to worsening glucose tolerance. Disclosure H.Naito: None. M.Sato: None. S.Kadowaki: None. T.Funayama: Speaker's Bureau; Daiichi Sankyo, Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Inc., Novo Nordisk. H.Watada: Research Support; Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Inc., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, LifeScan Diabetes Institute, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Teijin Pharma Limited, Taisho Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kowa Company, Ltd., Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Speaker's Bureau; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Novo Nordisk, Abbott Japan Co., Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Inc., Sanofi, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K. Y.Tamura: None. H.Kaga: None. Y.Someya: None. H.Tabata: None. S.Kakehi: None. Y.Yoshizawa: None. M.Kiya: None. T.Tajima: None. N.Ito: None. Funding Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities (S1411006); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (18H03184); Mizuno Sports Promotion Foundation; Mitsui Life Social Welfare Foundation

Head injuries caused by contact with teeth during sports and exercise activities in Japanese schools during the period 2012-2018.

During sports activities, teeth-related contact can cause injury to both ally and opponent players, which can lead to potential infections and aesthetic problems. However, the extent of such injuries remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the frequency and situation of head injuries caused by teeth (HICBT) occurring under the supervision of schools in Japan. HICBT records were extracted from the Japan Sport Council data on head injuries occurring reported during the 7-year period from 2012 to 2018 under the supervision of schools in Japan. Of the total 463527 head injury cases during the study period, 4495 cases (approximately 1%) were HICBT. Of the HICBT cases, 3650 (81.20%) were related to sports and athletic activity. Such injuries were reported to occur most often during basketball with a rate of 57.07 and 50.43%; soccer/futsal was the next most common sport with a rate of 13.38 and 24.01% in junior high school and high school students. Tag games were responsible for a similar number of HICBT cases at 22.73 and 39.03% in kindergartens and elementary school students. A total of 4495 cases of HICBT were identified, accounting for about 1% of all head injuries under the supervision of schools in Japan during the study period. This result reminds us that our teeth could be the weapon against the around players during sports events. HICBTs occurring during basketball and soccer/futsal, in which mouthguards are not mandatory, were conspicuous among junior and senior high school students. Active use of mouthguards in various sports will protect players as well as their teammates and opponents. Sports dentists should encourage the revision of rules, such as mandating the use of mouthguards, in popular sports with a high incidence of HICBT, such as basketball and soccer/futsal.

Statistical injury prediction for professional sumo wrestlers: Modeling and perspectives.

In sumo wrestling, a traditional sport in Japan, many wrestlers suffer from injuries through bouts. In 2019, an average of 5.2 out of 42 wrestlers in the top division of professional sumo wrestling were absent in each grand sumo tournament due to injury. As the number of injury occurrences increases, professional sumo wrestling becomes less interesting for sumo fans, requiring systems to prevent future occurrences. Statistical injury prediction is a useful way to communicate the risk of injuries for wrestlers and their coaches. However, the existing statistical methods of injury prediction are not always accurate because they do not consider the long-term effects of injuries. Here, we propose a statistical model of injury occurrences for sumo wrestlers. The proposed model provides the estimated probability of the next potential injury occurrence for a wrestler. In addition, it can support making a risk-based injury prevention scenario for wrestlers. While a previous study modeled injury occurrences by using the Poisson process, we model it by using the Hawkes process to consider the long-term effect of injuries. The proposed model can also be applied to injury prediction for athletes of other sports.