Sports Department Research Articles

Design Of A Letter Archives Website Using Native Php In The Department Of Youth Education And Sports In Wonosobo District

The Department of Education, Youth and Sports is a government agency that operates in the formal and non-formal education service sector as well as in managing education governance in schools. The Department of Education, Youth and Sports has a structural field, one of which is the SUPEG field "General and Personnel Sub-Section", where it deals with a lot of issues related to general and personnel, one of which is incoming and outgoing letters. However, there are obstacles and problems faced, namely that incoming and outgoing letters often have double numbering, some letters cannot be found, the archive process is still manual and there are many other problems. With the existence of this incoming and outgoing mail archive website, it is hoped that it will be useful and can solve this problem at SUPEG in the future. The website was designed using native PHP language and several collaboration languages, namely JavaScript, CSS and others, for the database itself using Xampp. The final result of this research is the production of an Archives Website for Incoming and Outgoing Mail. who can provide information and solve problems that occur in SUPEG "General and Personnel Sub-Section" especially in the correspondence section both within the agency and from outside.

체육전공 대학생의 전공만족도와 무경계진로태도가 진로탄력성에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of major satisfaction and boundary-less career attitude of college students majoring in physical education on career elasticity, suggest measures to promote employment of college students majoring in physical education, and provide basic data necessary for employment guidance for college students majoring in physical education. It is in Methods 450 students from the sports departments of three universities located in Daegu and North Gyeongsang Province were selected and sampled using the convenience extraction method, and 427 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted using the Windows SPSS Ver 22.0 statistical program. Results First, positive and negative correlations were found between the major satisfaction perceived by college students majoring in physical education, their boundaryless career attitude, and career elasticity. Second, it was found that college students majoring in physical education had a positive effect on perceived major satisfaction and a negative effect on major dissatisfaction. Third, the borderless career attitude perceived by college students majoring in physical education was found to have a positive effect on the sub-factors of career elasticity. Conclusions If we can increase the level of major satisfaction and boundary-less career attitude of college students majoring in physical education, it is believed that this can increase the career elasticity necessary to promote employment of college students majoring in physical education, and it can be useful for leaders in guiding college students majoring in physical education toward employment. You will be able to use it.

Tourism Village Promotion Strategy in Developing Tourism Villages Based on Local Wisdom in Sumedang District

A tourist village is a form of industry which is a tourist trip that encourages tourists to use the various products offered by the tourist village, consisting of culinary tourism, educational tourism, natural tourism, and so on. Data on tourist visits to Sumedang Regency during 2022 was 1,293,953 people and in 2023 there were 1,738,502 people. Based on this data, it is known that the number of tourist visits has increased but the number of visits is not spread across all tourist attractions or tourist villages in Sumedang Regency. Therefore, the Sumedang Regency Tourism, Culture, Youth and Sports Department is targeting an increase in the number of tourist visits by 17% from 2023. So it is necessary to develop a promotional strategy for tourist villages in Sumedang Regency. Thus, the aim of this research is to develop a tourism village promotion strategy in developing local wisdom-based tourism in Sumedang Regency. In determining a tourism promotion strategy, it is necessary to pay attention to several dimensions of tourism promotion which consist of: image marketing, atraction marketing, infrastructure marketing, and people marketing. The research method used was qualitative research methods. Data collection was carried out through literature and field studies. Meanwhile, data processing is carried out by referring to data processing procedures which consist of data reduction, data presentation and data verification.

Content Analysis of Postgraduate Theses About the Relationship Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Physical Activity in Türkiye in 2010-2023

The aim of this study is to evaluate the postgraduate theses on the relationship between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and physical activity registered at the YÖK National Thesis Center between the years 2010-2023 and to examine these theses using the headings of descriptive features, content and methodology. A total of sixty-one (61) theses, forty-four (44) master's theses and seventeen (17) doctoral theses, on the relationship between ASD and physical activity between the years 2010-2023 were included in the study. The data of the study were obtained by using the document review model, which is one of the qualitative research methods, and analyzed by the content analysis method. Within the scope of the findings obtained from the study, it is seen that the postgraduate theses were mostly published between the years 2019-2023 and most of them were completed at Gazi University. The findings obtained show that the master's (49.9%) and doctoral (47%) theses were mostly carried out in Health Sciences Institutes. Thirty-three (33) studies were conducted in the Department of Physical Education and Sports, including twenty-one (21) master's theses (47.7%) and twelve (12) doctoral theses (70.5%). In addition, four (4) master's theses (9%) and two (2) doctoral theses (11.7%) were conducted in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching. A total of twenty-seven (27) studies, nineteen (19) master's theses (41.3%) were conducted by advisors with the title of Assistant Professor, while ten (10) doctoral theses were conducted under the leadership of advisors with the title of Prof. Dr. (%47.6). The sample group of the master's and doctoral studies mostly consists of individuals/children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In addition, the sample group in master's theses (51.5%) and doctoral theses (28.2%) consisted of parents. Of the master's theses in the years 2014-2018 and 2019-2023, 29-30% were studies completed in the field of motor skills and 11-12% in the field of social skills. Of the doctoral theses in the years 2019-2023, 36.8% were studies completed in the field of motor skills and 15.7% in the field of social skills. It was seen that the examined master's and doctoral theses were mostly completed in metropolitan cities such as Istanbul and Ankara. Again, it was understood that postgraduate theses were mostly completed in special education and rehabilitation centers. Quantitative research was mostly applied in postgraduate theses (79.5% of master's degrees, 64.6% of doctoral studies) and the majority used the criterion sampling method (47.7% of master's degrees, 76.4% of doctoral studies). It was also seen that both master's and doctoral theses were conducted in experimental and case study research models. While test battery (41%) and scale (17.9) were used in master's theses, observation form (19.9) and scale (19.9) were used in doctoral theses. Finally, criterion sampling and random sampling methods were preferred in both master's and doctoral theses. As a result, it was seen that the studies completed on individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) increased between 2019-2023 and focused especially on motor skills and social skills.

The Effect of Educational Exercises According to the Stages of Building a Motor Program on Learning Some Epee Skills for Students

The research problem focused on curriculum has specific courses with a small number of educational units through which the student must go through all the stages of learning basic skills. Therefore, we must increase the effectiveness of learning these skills and correct the errors that the learner may face. From here, the problem of the research became clear to us in the lack of effectiveness of learning some skills. Basic skills for students in fencing and the many technical errors during performance, so the researcher thought one should study educational exercises that are appropriate for the stages of building the motor program for some basic fencing skills to increase the effectiveness of learning so that the learner can master the skill with the least number of errors. The research objectives prepared educational exercises according to the stages of building the motor program, and Identifying the effect of educational exercises according to the stages of building a motor program on learning some epee skills for students in the experimental group, and Identify the differences between the two groups Control and experimental In learning some skills with epee weapons for students In the posttest. and Use Finder One The experimental approach was designed with two equal groups : control and experimental. The same pre-test and post-test, because it suits the nature of the problem and achieves the research objectives. And the research population are third-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/Islamic University, who number (306) students, and the research sample of (40) students was randomly selected and divided into two equal groups(Control and experimental) with (20) students for each group, in addition to the exploratory experiment sample of (8) students. And it was done using some educational means during educational exercises and based on the stages of building the motor program for the skill to be learned. The time of the educational unit was (90/min), and the implementation of the educational curriculum began on (11/21/2023 AD) and ended on (1/18/2024 AD). The researchers concluded that the use of complex instructional exercises helped to learn and develop the skill performance of some skills with the epee weapon according to the stages of building the motor program, and the use of focused educational exercises helped build motor perception among learners, which led to accelerating and activating the learning process. The most important recommendations were: Emphasis on the use of complex educational exercises when learning basic skills for students with epee weapons to build motor programs and new motor perceptions about the skill to be learned. also it is necessary to focus on the use of complex educational exercises according to the construction of the motor program in the educational units by trainers and teachers.

Pengaruh Kompetensi Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dengan Budaya Kerja Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Pada Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Kota Payakumbuh

This research aims to analyze and test the influence of competence, professionalism on performance with work culture as a moderating variable at the Payakumbuh City Youth and Sports Tourism Office. This type of research is quantitative research. This sample is all employees of the Payakumbuh City Tourism, Youth and Sports Department. The sampling method uses the census method, where all members of the population are used as research samples. This research uses primary data obtained through questionnaires delivered directly to all employees of the Payakumbuh City Tourism, Youth and Sports Department totaling 62 questionnaires and all respondents returned the questionnaires. The data was processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis using the SmartPLS application. The research results show that competence has a significant positive effect on employee performance. Then other results show that professionalism has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Competency which is moderated by work culture has a negative and insignificant effect on employee performance. Meanwhile, professionalism moderated by work culture has a positive and insignificant effect on the performance of employees of the Payakumbuh City Tourism, Youth and Sports Department.

Peculiarities of Tourism Indtry Management in Territorial Communities of Zhytomyr Region

Today, the tourism industry not only plays a key role at the national level, but also has a significant impact on local economic development. The existence of dedicated tourism units in local governments allows for more efficient planning and resource allocation, avoiding potential obstacles that may arise when tourism is subordinated to other departments. The article shows that out of 66 territorial communities, 9 do not have a department responsible for developing proposals and measures for tourism development. Most of them are organized under the name of the Department of Education, Youth, Sport, Culture, and Tourism. This integrated approach, although covering different aspects of community life, strongly influences the allocation of resources, as there is a tendency to prioritize cultural initiatives over specific tourism development. This raises the question of whether this integration is the most effective way of stimulating growth in the tourism sector. The analysis of long-term community development strategies showed that 44 UTCs have a programme or a draft programme, and a further 9 have adopted tourism development programmes with an action plan. The successful development of tourism in a territorial community depends on both its resources and the status of its centre, which may be a village, town, or city. Finally, it is important to differentiate responsibility for tourism development, as the potential for tourism initiatives varies according to the size of the settlement. Accordingly, we have classified the territorial municipalities, resulting in the following distribution: the urban type (M) includes 12 municipalities with subtypes M1, M2, M3, M4, which were identified based on their regional or district importance. The settlement type (S) includes 22 municipalities with subtypes S1, S2, S3, in which the centres did not perform rayon functions before the decentralization reform. The rural municipality type (R) includes 32 municipalities and has 2 subtypes: R1, R2. Thus, in order to ensure sustainable growth and success in tourism, the authorities need to consider many factors for effective management.

On the Importance of Extracurricular Physical Education Activities in the Physical Education of Students of Higher Education Institutions

The article presents material on the organization of extracurricular activities in physical education at a higher educational institution. The relevance of this topic is due to structural and substantive changes in undergraduate educational programs and work programs in physical education, which have led to an increasing role of extracurricular activities in the formation of student's physical culture competence. This circumstance requires consideration of issues of planning, organization and methodological support of this type of pedagogical activity. The purpose of the study is to identify the organizational and educational aspects of student sports and wellness activities conducted in their free time from study at the university. As an example of the organization of extracurricular work carried out by teachers of the Department of Physical Culture and Sports, a number of physical culture and recreation and sports events held at the Omsk State Agrarian University named after P. A. Stolypin are proposed. The analysis and generalization of pedagogical experience in the higher education system, data from literary sources on the problems of physical education of students allowed us to make practical recommendations on the basics of planning, goal-setting and organizational features of extracurricular activities in physical culture. The possibility of increasing the effectiveness of this activity is emphasized due to the uniform distribution of activities throughout the academic year, attracting students with different levels of physical, sports and technical readiness and motivation in the field of physical culture and sports to participate. In addition to the calendar plan, the organizers for each event must define a goal, develop a program, create a festive atmosphere, ensure the safety of spectators and participants, and create conditions for informational coverage of the planned event.

Effective factors on the development of bodybuilding and fitness clubs in Mashhad, Iran

The aim of this study was to investigate the effective factors in the development of bodybuilding and fitness clubs in Mashhad, Iran. This study was practical in terms of its goals, with an exploratory and analytical implementation method, classifying it as qualitative research. A total of 27 individuals were targeted and selected as samples until theoretical saturation was reached, including athletes, coaches, managers of fitness and bodybuilding clubs, members of the academic faculty of sports sciences at universities, experts from sports departments, and seniors in the field of bodybuilding in Mashhad. For data analysis, the data coding method was employed within a grounded theory framework. Based on the results, the factors affecting the development of bodybuilding and fitness clubs in Mashhad were identified in four main categories, ten sub-categories, and seventy-two components, according to expert opinions and a literature review in this field. These factors included: 1) Facility and infrastructure factors, 2) Financial and economic factors, 3) Professionalism factors, 4) Human resource factors, 5) Event factors, 6) Scientific and educational factors, 7) Organizational and managerial factors, 8) Motivational factors, 9) Media factors, and 10) Cultural-social factors. By creating and facilitating this model, the development steps for Mashhad's fitness clubs will be implemented to better align with future implementation conditions.

A Qualitative Exploration of the Residential Environment and Culture of Students in the University Sports Department

A Qualitative Exploration of the Residential Environment and Culture of Students in the University Sports Department

Image of ‘Sino-Western Essence’ in the Press: On the ‘Dual-Track’ Physical Training System of Chin Woo Athletic Federation

Chinese (martial arts) and Western (sports) cultures started their encounter and fusion under the specific historical atmospheres of China’s new culture movement and the debate on ‘Chinese essence and Western practice’ or ‘Western essence and Chinese practice’. This paper analyzes the Chin Woo Athletic Federation as a case study, aiming to explore the operation of its dual-track physical training system and to understand how this organisation positioned, expanded, and perpetuated its influence through media in the turbulent Chinese society. This study analyzes newspapers from late Qing and Republican China from the period between the 1910s and 1930s. The results reveal that the thinking and practice of Chin Woo’s dual-track training system constructed an image of ‘interoperability of Chinese and Western sports’ based on the words and photos in the press and embodied its brand position of cultivating healthy citizens. Chin Woo’s practice model included setting up special Chinese martial arts and Western sports departments and sending members to the regional, Far East, and Olympic games. As such, the Chin Woo Athletic Federation presents an appropriate example of the cultural flow of Oriental and Western sports.

Analisis Dan Pemodelan Proses Bisnis Event Pada Dinas Pemuda dan Olahraga Sumatera Utara

The North Sumatra Youth and Sports Service is one of the government agencies responsible for youth services, partnership services, sports services and supporting services as regulated by law in North Sumatra Province. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of modeling and mapping the business processes of the North Sumatra Youth and Sports Department in accordance with Minister of Youth and Sports Regulation. By using Business Process Model Notation (BPMN) for business process notation and flowcharts for notation in compiling SOP documents. This research begins with assessing SOP needs, planning and preparing business processes, developing business processes, then verifying the business processes created, compiling SOPs and carrying out SOP verification and SOP validation. The results of this research are in the form of an optimum and efficient event business process model, as well as recommendations for improvements that can be implemented by the Youth and Sports Department.

Fencing Training with Reaction Time Lights

Authors Rafael Barañano-Alcaide Msc, PhD student for Complutense University of Madrid.(Spain). Corresponding author . rafabara@ucm.es Dr. Manuel Sillero-Quintana, Titular professor of Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Sports Department, Madrid, (Spain). Dr. Ricardo-Bernardez, Titular professor of optometry department of the University Complutense of Madrid.(Spain). Jimena Barañano-Perez, student of I.E.S Luis de Gongora of Córdoba (Spain). Rut Gonzalez-Jiménez Msc, PhD student for Complutense University of Madrid.(Spain). Abstract Objective: evaluate different reaction times in fencing training with reaction time lights Method: This manuscript proposes four specific exercises for evaluating the simple reaction time (SRT), the elective reaction time (ERT), the go/no-go response time (G/NG) and the decision decision-making after lunge (DML), march (DMM) and braking (DMB) in fencers. The sample consisted of 48 fencers (22 males and 17 females; age: 21 ± 13 years) from several fencing clubs in the region of Andalusia, competing at amateur (10 athletes), regional (17 athletes), national (7 athletes), and international (5 athletes) in the three official fencing weapons: Epee (E), Saber (S), and Foil (F). The exercises were developed for the Queling Sport lighting system, connected by Bluetooth with the ReactionX android application, which controlled the activation of the lights and recorded the reaction time and the correction of the execution for each trial. Results: The results by gender did not show significant differences. Considering the results by weapon, the foil fencers were fastest than saber fencers, in all the exercises, but they were only significantly faster in the DML and DMM exercises. The performance in all the exercises was directly related with the competition level of the fencer, but only significantly better in foil fencers than in sable fencers when the exercise required decision-making processes. Conclusions: We propose a reference scale to evaluate the perceptive ability of the fencers that could be applied in talent detection processes and for evaluating the specific perceptive ability of the fencers.

Efficacy of soothing cream gel in the range of motion and chronic pain at the shoulder and elbow: protocol of a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

IntroductionUpper limb problems have a significant impact on the global population leading to pain and restricted joint mobility, ultimately impacting their quality of life. Traditional treatments, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory...

Overview Smoking Behavior and Quality of Life of Sports Department Students, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Malang

According to the results of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in 2021, there has been a considerable increase in the number of adult smokers over the past ten years, rising from 60.3 million in 2011 to 69.1 million in 2021, an increase of 8.8 million individuals. This study aims to compare the quality of life between actively smoking students and those who are exposed to passive smoking, examining their physical, psychological, social, and environmental health effects. The study utilized a sample of 100 respondents who completed a questionnaire on cigarette use and the WHOQOL quality of life assessment, covering variables such as cigarette type, disruption in daily activities, desire to quit smoking, cigarette consumption, and attitudes towards smoking bans in public places. Calculation of the WHOQOL score revealed that 60 percent of non-smoking student respondents reported a good quality of life. These findings underscore the critical need for enhanced health awareness programs and stricter smoking regulations within the university to foster a healthier environment. The study's insights highlight the importance of developing targeted interventions and policies to reduce smoking rates among students to enhance their overall quality of life.According to the results of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in 2021, there has been a considerable increase in the number of adult smokers over the past ten years, rising from 60.3 million in 2011 to 69.1 million in 2021, an increase of 8.8 million individuals. This study aims to compare the quality of life between actively smoking students and those who are exposed to passive smoking, examining their physical, psychological, social, and environmental health effects. The study utilized a sample of 100 respondents who completed a questionnaire on cigarette use and the WHOQOL quality of life assessment, covering variables such as cigarette type, disruption in daily activities, desire to quit smoking, cigarette consumption, and attitudes towards smoking bans in public places. Calculation of the WHOQOL score revealed that 60 percent of non-smoking student respondents reported a good quality of life. These findings underscore the critical need for enhanced health awareness programs and stricter smoking regulations within the university to foster a healthier environment. The study's insights highlight the importance of developing targeted interventions and policies to reduce smoking rates among students to enhance their overall quality of life.

Development of a psychological model of customer complaint management based on comprehensive quality management: the mediating role of job satisfaction

Introduction: The need to have customer complaint handling systems in universities can be a step towards improving and developing the establishment of comprehensive quality management in the products and services of universities, and this will make job satisfaction among university employees better and more. Aim: The purpose of this research was to develop a psychological model of customer complaint management on the quality management of job satisfaction evaluation. Method: The current research is applied and in terms of the descriptive implementation method - a correlation survey, the statistical population of the present researcher was all the employees of the sports departments of Islamic Azad Universities in the northwest of the country (320 people) in 1401, 180 people were randomly selected as a sample. and participated in the present research. The measurement tool in this research is the complaint management questionnaire. Statistical software and SPSS version-23 were used to download and design the model. Results: The findings of the research showed that comprehensive quality management directly affects the management of customer complaints, but the effect of comprehensive quality management through the mediating variable of job satisfaction was not effective on the management of customer complaints. Also, the results indicated the effect of comprehensive quality management on job satisfaction. Conclusion: Based on the results of this attention to the factors affecting the job satisfaction of employees, such as improving the organizational climate, improving the payment system, motivational and participation-oriented leadership style, and physical conditions can also affect the way employees respond to customers. In fact, comprehensive quality management by focusing on empowering employees, improving the accountability system, speed in dealing with customers' demands, respect for the prevailing values ​​in the society and the organization, as well as having the necessary flexibility in front of customers and their demands can make the organization in Better management of customer complaints and their satisfaction is helpful.

The Implication of Financial Literacy Education Integration for Pupils at Primary School in Cambodia

Key Messages The project Cha-Ching “Basic Financial Literacy” has been successful in equipping pupils at primary schools with the necessary knowledge and skills for managing money from an early age. Integration of financial literacy into educational curricula at primary schools, ensuring students are equipped with practical financial skills emphasizing the concepts of Earn, Save, Spend, and Donate to prepare for 21st Century Skills before entering adulthood and support to local life skills needed. Training and support for teachers and pre-service teacher to enhance their understanding of financial concepts and effective teaching methodologies, enabling them to deliver high-quality financial education for pupils at primary school in Cambodia. The Provincial Department of Education, Youth and Sport and the District office of Education, Youth and Sport should consider promoting financial literacy to other schools (public and private schools) and continue to work with the target schools throughout the capacity building and follow-up to ensure newly enrolled pupils received the financial education. The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MoEYS): 1.) should consider promoting financial literacy by developing a legal framework and guidelines adopting financial literacy into the life-skill curriculum for primary schools. 2.) Consider allocating an annual budget for capacity building and printing of teaching and learning books, and allocating the yearly budget for printing and distributing Cha-Ching’s books for pupils nationwide. The Prudence Foundation or other donors should consider promoting financial literacy and supporting to implementation of the Cha-Ching Money Smart Kids “basic financial literacy” widely at primary schools in Cambodia.

Analisis Pembangunan Olahraga Kecamatan Bojonegoro Kabupaten Bojonegoro Ditinjau Dari Sport Development Index

The impact of the pandemic has changed the daily lives of the people of Bojonegoro District, especially sports activities, which have become completely paralyzed, so that sports facilities and infrastructure are not utilized properly. This research aims to determine the availability of open sports space, the level of community participation in sports, and the level of community physical fitness after the COVID-19 pandemic through analysis of the Sport Development Index (SDI). The research method used is quantitative descriptive with Stratified Random Sampling and Cluster Sampling sampling techniques. The sample consisted of 30 people representing three age groups: 10-19 years, 20-44 years, and 45-60 years. The results of the research show that the level of open sports space is in the middle category, with the Bojonegoro sub-district open space index being 0.54, while the level of community participation and physical fitness is in the low category according to SDI with the Bojonegoro sub-district sports participation index being 0.333 and the physical fitness index value Bojonegoro sub-district is 0.1837. The researcher's suggestion is that the Bojonegoro Youth and Sports Department (Dinpora) pay more attention to sports development in Bojonegoro District to increase the level of participation and physical fitness of the community after the pandemic.

THE INFLUENCE OF LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS AND EMPLOYEE INNOVATION BEHAVIOR ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT THE SURABAYA CITY CULTURE, YOUTH AND SPORTS AND TOURISM OFFICE WITH THE INTERVENING VARIABLE OF EMPLOYEE COMPETENCE

This study examines and demonstrates the impact of Learning Organizations and Employee Innovation Behavior on Employee Performance in the Department of Culture, Youth and Sports and Tourism of the City of Surabaya. The research design employed in this study is explanatory research, which aims to explain the causes and consequences of existing problems. Path Analysis, along with two multiple linear regression analysis models and SPSS ver 17.0, was utilized to analyze the data. Furthermore, this study is classified as associative research. The findings of this study confirm that learning organizations have a positive and significant influence on employee competence. Furthermore, employee innovation behavior also has a positive and significant impact on employee competence. Moreover, learning organizations positively and significantly affect employee performance, while employee innovation behavior also has a positive and significant influence on employee performance. Additionally, employee competence is found to have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. However, employee competence does not act as a mediating variable in the relationship between learning organizations and employee performance. On the other hand, employee competence does serve as a mediating variable in the relationship between employee innovation behavior and employee performance.

Analysis of external load in professional English Football League Two players

Previous research has utilised Global Positioning Systems (GPS) based technology to provide detailed insights on activity profiles and external demands of professional football. However, there remains minimal research exploring this in the English Football League (EFL), in particular, League Two. Considering differences such as a unique fixture frequency and congestion, and its impact of training occurrence, a study on the external physical loading of EFL League Two players is necessary. Furthermore, analysis of positional differences due to the varied activity profiles is warranted. Therefore, the aims of the current study were to explore the difference in the external demands across training mesocycles, and differences between four-, three-, or two-day training weeks. Additionally, positional differences in external demands in competitive fixtures were explored. Twenty, male, professional soccer players from the EFL League Two (27 ± 6 years, mass 81 ± 8 kg, stature 181 ± 8 cm) were monitored across 41 competitive matches during the 2023-24 season. Players were grouped into the following positional categories central defender (n=3); wide defender (n=4); central midfielder (n=5); wide midfielder (n=5) and striker (n=3). The ethics committee of the sport department at University Academy 92 approved this study. A GPS system (Apex, STATSports, Northern Ireland) was used to quantify external load data from training and match day (MD) across 5 mesocycles of the season. Total distance ranged from 92.1 ± 6.5 m·min-1 to 106.2 ± 8.7 m·min-1 and 44.0 ± 2.0 m·min-1 to 56.8 ± 4.9 m·min-1 across mesocycles in matches and training, respectively. Likewise, High-Speed Running also varied across mesocycles, ranging from 5.6 ± 1.9 m·min-1 to 6.7 ± 1.0 m·min-1 and 0.9 ± 0.3 m·min-1 to 1.3 ± 0.4 m·min-1 in matches and training, respectively. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in several external load variables were evident between four-, three-, or two-day training weeks. When analysing positional differences in matches, the CM achieved the greatest total distance (106.3 ± 17.6 m·min-1), with WM exhibiting the greatest amount of distance at high speed (7.9 ± 2.1 m·min-1) and total accelerations and decelerations (1.9 ± 0.3 ·min2; 1.0 ± 0.3 ·min2). Consequently, results from this research should allow practitioners to physically prepare players optimally in preparation for MD. In conclusion, this study highlighted that external match load performance was influenced by players' positions. Moreover, the consideration of training days in preparation for a fixture, might allow players to be in optimum physical capacity for MD.