Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome Research Articles

Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in a giant neglected breast cancer.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency that generally triggered by effective cytotoxic chemotherapy in a context of rapidly proliferating and chemo-sensitive tumor or in patients with massive tumor burden. TLS has been rarely described in patients with solid tumors, and it is even more uncommon to have spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (STLS). To our knowledge, only three cases of STLS in metastatic breast cancer were reported in the literature. Herein, we present a new case of STLS in a 37-year-old female with giant neglected metastatic breast cancer. She subsequently developed acute oliguric renal failure and multiple electrolyte abnormalities requiring hemodialysis. Despite aggressive supportive care, the patient developed multiple organ failure and died eight days after admission. Our case highlights the importance of increased awareness of this rare but life threatening condition. TLS should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer who present with acute kidney injury even before they receive any active cancer therapy

Fatal peripheral T-cell lymphoma presenting as hypereosinophilia and spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome: A rare case report

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (TCLs) are a heterogeneous group of aggressive, uncommon forms of T-cell or natural killer cell-derived non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Acute tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a multiple metabolic derangement that occurs due to the treatment of malignancies or spontaneous tumor cell death. We report the case of a 56-year-old male patient who presented with marked eosinophilic leukocytosis, rash, and lymphadenopathy at the initial visit but finally manifested with TCL and spontaneous TLS. On the first visit, hemogram showed a marked eosinophilic leukocytosis and raised lactate dehydrogenase. The patient refused for admission; however, lymph node biopsy was done on day-care basis. After 3 days, the patient presented in the emergency room with shortness of breath, altered renal and liver parameters, and dyselectrolytemia. Based on histopathological with immunohistochemistry findings on lymph node biopsy and clinical and laboratory finding, the patient was diagnosed as TCL-not otherwise specified with TLS.

Rare Case of Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) in a Patient with Germ Cell Tumor (GCT): Literature Review and Approach to Management

Rare Case of Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) in a Patient with Germ Cell Tumor (GCT): Literature Review and Approach to Management

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome Presenting Acute Kidney Injury with Extreme Hyperuricemia and Urinary Stone: A Rare Case of Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome Presenting Acute Kidney Injury with Extreme Hyperuricemia and Urinary Stone: A Rare Case of Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Tumor lysis syndrome in an extraskeletal osteosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature

BackgroundThis case report describes a spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome due to a rare solid tumor.Case presentationA 65-year-old white woman had tumor lysis syndrome, which represent a dangerous oncological emergency. This syndrome occurs usually with a hematological tumor, but in this case our patient had a solid tumor, which was a rare extraskeletal osteosarcoma, localized in her pelvic region. She also had lung metastases and bilateral hydronephrosis.After spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome, she had acute renal insufficiency, which was treated with hemodialysis and successively with rasburicase, Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate), and febuxostat.ConclusionTumor lysis syndrome represents an oncological emergency, which must be suspected and treated as soon as possible.

Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening oncological emergency, with most cases occurring in hematological malignancies following the initiation of treatment. However, on rare occasions, TLS may occur in solid tumors as well. In the present case study, the case is reported of a 56-year-old African-American man who presented with a recent diagnosis of prostate cancer, abdominal pain, elevated transaminases, renal insufficiency, hyperkalemia, and hyperuricemia, consistent with spontaneous TLS in the setting of metastatic prostate cancer. A computed tomography scan of the patient's abdomen demonstrated diffuse metastatic tumor burden. Following treatment with allopurinol, rasburicase, and initiation of anti-androgen therapy for the prostate cancer, the patient's TLS laboratory results normalized, however, his renal functions continued to decline. TLS is rare in solid tumors, and particularly rare in prostate cancer, with only six other case reports of the syndrome occurring to the best of our knowledge. This case report highlights the need for early recognition of TLS, even in cases that are not typically associated with the syndrome, as prompt diagnosis will affect early management and may be able to prevent or minimize complications.

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life-threatening oncologic complication caused by the lysis of a vast number of malignant cells resulting in metabolic derangements and organ dysfunction. TLS can occur spontaneously before initiation of any therapies often referred to as spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (STLS), or shortly after the induction of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or cytolytic antibody therapy. TLS is vastly seen in patients with hematological malignancies with high rapid cell turnover rates such as Burkitt lymphoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, and acute lymphocytic leukemia, and is rarely observed in solid tumors. However, TLS can occur in solid tumors, and there are multiple reports in the literature on the occurrence of TLS in various solid tumors. In this article, we report a case of STLS in small cell lung cancer followed by a brief review of the occurrence of TLS and STLS in small cell lung cancer.

Spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome as an unusual presentation of b lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma with prominent haemophagocytosis

Spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome as an unusual presentation of b lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma with prominent haemophagocytosis

Obstuctive Uropathy in Germ Cell Tumor of Test is Masquerading as Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Obstuctive Uropathy in Germ Cell Tumor of Test is Masquerading as Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Critical Care Management and Newer Therapies for Tumour Lysis Syndrome

Cancer disorders are the one of the leading causes of death in most developed and developing countries. They constitute a diverse group of pathologies in which abnormal metabolism and life cycle lead to the profound derangement’s of host metabolism. With the recent advancement in the medical field, many cancer diseases are well controlled with early diagnosis and treatment. So, it is essential that clinicians must be aware the complications of cancer itself and its management. Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is an onco-metabolic emergency which occurs due to cancer cells targeted treatment (chemotherapy or radiotherapy) or from rapidly dividing cancer cells itself (spontaneous TLS). TLS was first described by Bedrna and Polcak in 1929 in a chronic leukemia patient treated with radiotherapy. It is characterized by a group of metabolic derangements characterised by hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia and uremia. The consequences are potentially lethal and may result in acute kidney failure, seizures, tetany and even sudden death. The scenario is further complicated in patient with underlying comorbid conditions and in patients at extremes of ages.

PF1-087 - Two Cases of Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Solid Tumors

Background: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is in a state of oncologic emergency that may cause sudden death by metabolic abnormalities, acute renal failure. Case 1: A 60-year-old man presented to our hospital with back pain, constipation and loss of appetite and general fatigue. There was history of diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Laboratory findings included elevated calcium to 14.1 mg/dl. A CT scan showed a 8cm mass in size in the pancreatic tail, which was directly invaded to the spleen, left kidney. Multiple liver and lung metastases were also detected. The advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma was diagnosed by liver needle biopsy, classifing as T4NxM1, cStageIVB. After 2 days of palliative chemotherapy with Gemcitabine + nab-PTX therapy initiation, TLS was developed with elevation of serum potassium and uric acid levels. Although giving fluids for hydration and Glucose-Insulin for hyperkalemia resulted in recovery from TLS, he passed away at 7 days by cancer.Case 2: A 74-year-old man has received laparotomy for advanced mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma after 4 cycles of S-1/CDDP neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Liver metastasis was found after 7 months of operation, admitting to our Department for palliative chemotherapy. Spontaneous TLS developed with elevation of uric acid and AST, accompanying hypercalcemia with bone metastasis. The treatment was initiated with intravenous hydration, febuxostat of xanthine oxidase inhibitor, denosumab of RANKL inhibitor and irradiation 30Gy/10Fr. After 2 weeks of admission, chemotherapy of CDDP+VP16 was started. Grade 4 neutropenic fever, grade 4 DIC appeared as side effects during cycle 1. Despite chemotherapy, his condition deteriorated rapidly, and he passed away at 29 days.Here we report two cases of TLS in solid tumors, which was relatively rare and the most common disease-related emergency, and review previous reports of TLS, including currently advocated guidelines for risk assessment, prophylaxis and management.

Spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome in hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with hypocalcemic tetany: An unusual case and systematic literature review

Tumour lysis syndrome is an oncological emergency which is usually seen following chemotherapy for rapidly proliferating haematological malignancies. Spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome is rare in solid tumour and even rarer with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tumour lysis syndrome in the setting of HCC is usually reported as a consequence of therapeutic interventions like sorafenib administration or trans-arterial chemoembolization. We report about a case of a young lady with chronic hepatitis B related HCC who developed spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome and presented with hypocalcemic tetany. We also compare this case with the previously reported cases of spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma With Lung Metastases

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma With Lung Metastases

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Patient: A Rare but Deadly Syndrome

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Patient: A Rare but Deadly Syndrome

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome: A Rare Occurrence in Hepatocellular Cancer

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome: A Rare Occurrence in Hepatocellular Cancer

Spontaneous Tumour Lysis Syndrome in a Multiple Myeloma.

The tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a collection of metabolic abnormalities that occur in consequence of the release of intracellular contents following lysis of tumor cells. TLS occurs spontaneously or after chemotherapy. Spontaneous TLS is uncommon occurrence in multiple myeloma (MM). We define a case of a 70-year-old woman patient who was found to have MM with spontaneous TLS, following a compression fracture of the T-12 vertebrae. While serum uric acid and phosphorous levels were high, low calcium levels were identified. There were also acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis. Upon the diagnosis of TLS, she was treated with hydration, allopurinol, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium gluconate. The improvement of her laboratory data was observed. We submitted this case in order to draw attention to the presentation of MM with spontaneous TLS.

Renal Calculi: An Unusual Presentation of T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome is a rare initial presentation of hematologic malignancy in children that typically presents with complications of electrolyte derangement, specifically hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperuricemia. We report a case of a 5-year-old boy who presented to the emergency department with gross hematuria, abdominal pain, and vomiting and was ultimately diagnosed with uric acid nephrolithiasis and acute renal failure secondary to spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in the setting of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Tumor lysis syndrome is considered an oncologic emergency, and in this case, the child required urgent treatment with potassium-binding agents, rasburicase, and hemodialysis. This case demonstrates that occult hematologic malignancy should be suspected in cases of nephrolithiasis and acute renal failure when found in conjunction with hyperuricemia despite a normal complete blood count at the time of presentation.

Severe hyperuricemia with acute kidney injury: Vigilance needed for spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome

Abstract Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is well described treatment related oncologic emergency with hyperuricemia being a cardinal sign of it leading to acute uric acid nephropathy. But spontaneous occurrence of TLS has occasionally been described in the literature. This spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (STLS) is unusual cause for acute kidney injury (AKI) and a very uncommon initial presentation of lymphoma. AKI occurring in the setting of STLS has very poor outcome as it was not possible to institute preventive measures leading to very high mortality. We report a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with severe hyperuricemia with AKI. Our case stresses the importance of rapid diagnosis and treatment of AKI due to STLS which helps in early renal recovery. With prompt and timely initiation of hemodialysis and other supportive measures, renal failure and prognosis can be improved.

A Rare Case of Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Small Cell Lung Cancer

A Rare Case of Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome: A Case Report and Critical Evaluation of Current Diagnostic Criteria and Optimal Treatment Regimens.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a known complication of malignancy and its treatment. The incidence varies on malignancy type, but is most common with hematologic neoplasms during cytotoxic treatment. Spontaneous TLS is thought to be rare. This case study is of a 62-year-old female admitted with multisystem organ failure, with subsequent diagnosis of aggressive B cell lymphoma. On admission, laboratory abnormalities included renal failure, elevated uric acid (20.7 mg/dL), and 3+ amorphous urates on urinalysis. Oliguric renal failure persisted despite aggressive hydration and diuretic use, requiring initiation of hemodialysis prior to chemotherapy. Antihyperuricemic therapy and hemodialysis were used to resolve hyperuricemia. However, due to multisystem organ dysfunction syndrome with extremely poor prognosis, the patient ultimately expired in the setting of a terminal ventilator wean. Although our patient did not meet current TLS criteria, she required hemodialysis due to uric acid nephropathy, a complication of TLS. This poses the clinical question of whether adequate diagnostic criteria exist for spontaneous TLS and if the lack of currently accepted guidelines has resulted in the underestimation of its incidence. Allopurinol and rasburicase are commonly used for prevention and treatment of TLS. Although both drugs decrease uric acid levels, allopurinol mechanistically prevents formation of the substrate rasburicase acts to solubilize. These drugs were administered together in our patient, although no established guidelines recommend combined use. This raises the clinical question of whether combined therapy is truly beneficial or, conversely, detrimental to patient outcomes.