Nocturnal Emissions Research Articles

Body Size, Dairy Consumption, Puberty, and Risk of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors

The etiology of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) is poorly understood, with cryptorchidism and family history being the only well-established risk factors. Body size, age at puberty, and dairy consumption, however, have been suggested to be related to TGCTs. To clarify the relation of these variables to TGCT risk and to one another, the authors analyzed data from 767 cases and 928 controls enrolled in the Servicemen's Testicular Tumor Environmental and Endocrine Determinants Study (2002-2005). Overall, increased height was significantly related to risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36, 2.45), though body mass index was not (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.69). There was no association with age at puberty, based on ages at first shaving (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.73), voice changing (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.32), and nocturnal emissions (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.37). Similarly, there was no relation with dairy consumption at any age between birth and 12th grade. These results suggest that height is a risk factor for TGCTs, but the relation is unlikely explained by childhood dairy consumption. As adult height is largely determined in the first 2 years of life, increased attention to events in this interval may help elucidate the etiology of TGCTs.

Daily, weekly, and seasonal time courses of VOC concentrations in a semi-urban area near Barcelona

In order to study the daily, weekly, and seasonal patterns and possible origins of air concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), measurements were taken on a minute-by-minute basis with a PTR-MS in the vicinity of a highway in a semi-urban site near Barcelona. Four periods of the year were chosen and samples were taken under different meteorological conditions and at different phenological stages of the surrounding vegetation. None of the measured VOCs concentrations exceeded air-quality guidelines. The results showed that diurnal, weekly, and seasonal fluctuations in measured VOC concentrations depended on variations in the strength of sources, as well as on photochemical activity and meteorological conditions. There was a decrease in concentrations in most VOCs when mixing depth, photochemical destruction, and wind speed increased at midday. On the other hand, high values of some VOCs occurred at night when the strength of their sinks and the mixing layer decreased. Interestingly, in June, night emissions and concentration peaks of methanol and acetone occurred in periods with dew formation and no wind. VOCs related to anthropogenic emissions presented a weekly pattern of variation with a clear distinction being found between working days and the weekend. The seasonal variation showed higher levels in December for all VOCs, except for isoprene. The thinning of the mixing layer leading to greater concentrations of volatiles and lower wind speeds in winter could account for those higher VOC levels. Benzene and toluene originated mainly from anthropogenic emissions. The sources of acetaldehyde, methanol, and acetone appeared to be mainly biogenic and these compounds were the most abundant of all the measured VOCs. Isoprene concentration patterns suggest a predominantly anthropogenic origin in December and March and a mainly biogenic origin in June and October. All these data provide useful information on the dynamics of VOCs in an area where ozone levels in summer exceed quite often the standard protection thresholds for O 3.

Retrograde ejaculation: Etiology, diagnosis, and management

Retrograde ejaculation (RE) is a well-known cause of male factor infertility. Recognized causes of RE include previous genitourinary surgery involving the bladder neck, genitourinary trauma, neurologic conditions, and side effects from medications. Diagnosis of RE is generally based on thorough history, limited physical evaluation, and focused laboratory testing. A number of therapeutic approaches are available for the treatment of RE or RE-related infertility. The management goal of RE is either to induce spontaneous antegrade ejaculation or to provide sufficient quantities of motile sperm for use in assisted reproductive techniques. This article summarizes the etiology, evaluation, and management of RE.

Wet Dreams: Erotic Film Festivals of the Early 1970s and the Utopian Sexual Public Sphere

Film festivals, from their inception and popularization across the world, have been a locus for the formation of communities and cinephile publics, as well as alternative modes of filmic exchange and circulation. Despite the very nature of their transitory existence and ephemerality, film festivals as cultural events are receiving growing scholarly attention. As of yet, the studies of film festivals currently available have taken on specific national and urban locations, geographies, moments in time, and cultural identities.1 What makes the documentation of film festivals a difficult task is the complexity and multiplicity of the phenomena as well as the rapid proliferation of festivals across the globe in recent years. As a scan of any city's film festival calendar today attests, these events often engage with niche or specialty subjects and cater to specialized audiences. They are often focalized around cinematic works from a particular nation, belonging to specific genres, moving image media, or modes of production, expressive of sexual orientations or identity categories, or devoted to issues of local or political interest.2 Looking back at a moment in which the festival format was a relatively fresh and novel means for celebrating film work, and in which the notion of the niche-market festival was still developing, could thus provide directives both for research into the history of festival culture as well as in film history of the early 1970s more broadly. As such, I will offer a micro-history of a set of events that led to the rise of erotic film festivals in New York, San Francisco, and Amsterdam in the early 1970s. In this essay, I will locate this hybrid reception sphere within the history of the sexual revolution and the development of publicly screened hardcore pornography, as well as within the contexts of broader public debates around the liberalization of screen permissiveness. I will also map out the emergence of the erotic film festival as a site for taste formation and erotic consumption across different modes of film production such as the sexploitation film, the experimental film, the independent film, and the hardcore pornographic feature. Exemplary of a moment in which the furor over sexuality and sexual explicitness in film had reached a fever pitch, this case study looks at the ways that these festivals mobilized a discourse of sexual liberation alongside a rhetoric of aesthetic innovation, positioning themselves outside of the market of the more mundane porn shops and storefront theaters selling a seedier version of sex to an older generation of skin flick consumers. The promotion and execution of the International Erotic Film Festival in San Francisco (which premiered in December 1970) and the New York Erotic Film Festival (which began in December 1971), and their European progenitor, the Wet Dream Film Festival in Amsterdam (November 1970), offers a historical site for the exploration of the terms and conventions of erotic taste cultures as they were imbricated with the refinement and construction of cinephile practices in urban locales.3 But first it is important to ask, why put on an erotic film festival, and why at this particular time and in these particular places? From a contemporary vantage point, we have grown accustomed to the plethora of film festivals which have expanded and spanned the globalized world in recent years, and the notion of an erotic film festival, in and of itself, is not a controversial or new one.4 Yet considering the historical moment of the early 1970s, the materialization of erotic film festivals represented a shift in the conceptualization of sexuality in film, in the larger film culture, and in the public sphere more broadly. While the concept of the film festival was a relatively new one to American culture, with the earliest festivals emerging in Columbus and San Francisco in the 1950s, it was further institutionalized in the 1960s by me New York Film Festival, which embraced the appreciation of the cinema as an art form and built upon a vibrant cinephile culture already in play in New York at me time. …

The timing of sexual maturation and secular trends of menarchial age in Korean adolescents

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the timing of sexual maturation and secular trends of menarchial age in Korean adolescents. Methods :Nine hundred eighty two school students and 119 university female students were included. Tanner's pubertal assessment method was applied using a self-assessment sheet with pictures for their developmental stages. A medical checkup database from 1,156,022 women was also used to analyze the age of menarche from the year 1900 to 1980. Results :Onset of puberty was at 11.3±1.3 years(y) in girls and 12.1±1.5 y in boys and total pubertal duration was 3.6 y in girls and 3.3 y in boys. Height at the onset of puberty was 146.1±7.9 cm in girls and 152.7±9.8 cm in boys. Weight at the onset of puberty was 39.3±6.9 kg in girls and 47.7±14.4 kg in boys. The mean age of menarche was 12.0±1.0 y and mean age at nocturnal emission was 12.3±1.8 y. By age ten, 3.0 percent of girls experienced menarche, which increased to 41.1 percent by age 12, and 98.0 percent by age over 15. By SMR 2 breast stage, 18.2 percent of girls experienced menarche, which increased to 66.1 percent and 91.7 percent by SMR stages 3 and 4, respectively. By SMR 2 pubic hair stage, 52.0 percent and by SMR 3, 93.8 percent of girls experienced menarche. While the menarchial age of women born around 1980 was 12.4±1.1 y, the menarchial age of women born around 1990 was 12.0±1.1 y. Age at menarche has been advanced approximately by 2 years between 1900 and 1980 birth cohorts. Conclusion : There was a downward secular trend in pubertal timing. Age at menarche has been advanced by 2 years during the last 80 years. Further large scale, prospective studies, including inspection by specialists, are needed to provide reference data for pubertal timing in Korean adolescents. (Korean J Pediatr 2006;49:610-616)

Sildenafil induced priapism

An unmarried 35 years old male, who took 25mg sildenafil daily for 8 days followed by 12.5 mg daily for 4 days, with consultation with a local chemist for nocturnal emission developed priapism. He presented to an urologist after 72 hours where a corporal wash and distal shunt was tried but it did not give any relief to the patient. He had no other identified contributing factors for priapism. A proximal caverno-spongiosal shunting (Quackels cavernoso-spongiosal shunts) was done which subsequently relieved his symptoms. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of priapism resulting from supposedly safe doses of sildenafil in a healthy individual. Distal shunts are associated with high failure rates which may warrant a more proximal shunt. Even when seen after a considerable time a shunt may be useful. After the delayed surgery, relief of pain without complete detumesence suggests a role for watch-full waiting. This case also highlights the existence of unfortunate myths surrounding the omnipotence of sildenafil in all sorts of sex related problems. It points toward an urgent need for steps to prevent unauthorized prescription and misuse of this drug..

METHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM SIMULATED ANAEROBIC SWINE MANURE TREATMENT LAGOONS UNDER SUMMER CONDITIONS

Most estimates of carbonaceous gas emissions from manure treatment lagoons are based on biogas production from anaerobic digesters, gases collected over covered lagoons, or the CH4 production potential of animal waste. More data from direct measurements are necessary for evaluating mitigation strategies. Researchers at Oklahoma State University have successfully operated a pilot-scale bioreactor consisting of four 270 L columns that recreate environmental conditions found in anaerobic lagoons as indicated by color, temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). The columns were loaded at a surface organic loading rate similar to lagoons treating manure from commercial swine farms in the state of Oklahoma (935 kg VS/ha-day). The simulated mid-to-late summer CH4 emission rate was determined to range between 200 and 300 kg/ha-day, and the CO2 emission rate ranged between 380 and 580 kg/ha-day. Approximately 65% of the total carbon applied to the surface of the lagoon simulator was recovered as CH4 and CO2 gases; however, lagoon methane production was greater than expected using chemical oxygen demand (COD) as a predictive standard. The daily patterns of gaseous emissions and volatile organic acid concentrations in the liquid suggest that CH4 production takes place across the entire depth of the reactor. Easily digestible organic matter is converted in the upper layers; more slowly digested material settles and is converted at the sludge layer. Data on day versus night emissions show that biogas had a higher proportion of CO2 during the day than during the night.

Increased libido associated with quetiapine

We report sexual symptoms in a 44 year old man with schizophrenia who was receiving treatment with the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine. The symptoms consisted of an increased drive to masturbate and spontaneous ejaculations at night time. We discuss the potential neuro-chemical mechanisms for this and argue that quetiapine's unique pharmacological profile may have contributed to the development of his symptoms.

Timing of Pubertal Maturation and the Onset of Sexual Behavior among Zimbabwe School Boys

The relationship between reproductive maturation and the onset of sexual behavior in boys across cultures is unclear. To explore the relative timing of pubertal events and their relationship to the onset of sexual behavior, we used data collected from 442 Zimbabwe school boys aged 12-18 years. Measures of reproductive maturation included self-reported spontaneous nocturnal emission, secondary sexual characteristics, and salivary testosterone. Behavioral measures included age at first sexual fantasies, non-coital sexual behavior, and coitus. Sigmoid interpolation curve techniques indicated a median age of first erection at 10.75 +/- 0.11 years, first sexual fantasy at 12.66 +/- 0.03 years, first spontaneous nocturnal emission at 13.02 +/- 0.03 years, and adult levels of blood testosterone at 17.2 +/- 0.7 years. First reported spontaneous nocturnal emission was significantly related to all measures of sexual behavior. Multiple regression models indicated that first reported spontaneous nocturnal emission was a stronger predictor of sexual behavior than variation in secondary sexual characteristics. In addition, testosterone was a significant predictor of sexual fantasies and intercourse, independent of first reported spontaneous nocturnal emission. These results confirm earlier findings in other populations that self-reported spontaneous nocturnal emissions can be used as a marker of pubertal timing among adolescent boys. They also suggest that variation in testosterone plays a role in the onset of sexual behavior among boys, beyond its relationship to developmental timing. The behavioral mechanisms represented by the significant effects of testosterone reported here remain to be investigated.

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM LIQUID SWINE MANURE STORAGE FACILITIES IN SASKATCHEWAN

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from manure storage facilities at four different commercial farrow-to-finishswine operations under liquid manure management located in Saskatchewan, Canada, were experimentally determinedduring the spring-to-fall period between 2001 and 2003. These operations featured three types of manure storage facilities:uncovered concrete tank, uncovered earthen manure basin (EMB), and covered (blown chopped straw) EMB. GHG emissionrates were expressed in terms of unit mass of animal producing the stored manure. On average, methane and carbon dioxideemission rates were respectively 3.75 g CO2 equivalent day-1 kg-1 and 1.73 g CO2 equivalent day-1 kg-1, while nitrous oxideemission rates were negligible. The total average GHG emission rate measured in this study was 5.48 g CO2 equivalent day-1kg-1. On average, GHG emissions from the uncovered EMB were the largest, while those from the covered EMB were thelowest. Emissions were maximum during the summer and at their lowest during the spring, and night emissions were largerthan those that occurred during the daytime. Estimations based on the results of this study indicate that the addition of a blownchopped straw cover on an EMB can yield reductions in CO2 and CH4 emissions of 56 and 786 tonnes of CO2 equivalent peryear, respectively, for each 1,000-sow increment.

Ejaculation After Defecation Without Orgasm Induced by Milnacipran

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article LetterFull AccessEjaculation After Defecation Without Orgasm Induced by MilnacipranKeizo Yoshida, M.D., Ph.D., Hisashi Higuchi, M.D., Ph.D., Hitoshi Takahashi, M.D., Ph.D., and Tetsuo Shimizu, M.D., Ph.D., Keizo YoshidaSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Ph.D., Hisashi HiguchiSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Ph.D., Hitoshi TakahashiSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Ph.D., and Tetsuo ShimizuSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, JapanPublished Online:1 Nov 2004AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail SIR: Milnacipran is a novel serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a depressive patient who experienced ejaculation after defecation without orgasm in the treatment of milnacipran.Case ReportMr. A was a 31-year-old man. He had no past and familial history of psychiatric and urologic disorders. He got depressed and started to have milnacipran of 50 mg/day. One week later, the daily dosage of milnacipran was increased to 100 mg. Four weeks after the beginning of milnacipran, he first experienced ejaculation after defecation without orgasm. As he felt ashamed of having such a symptom, he did not report it to the doctor. Seven weeks after the beginning of milnacipran, his depressive symptoms remitted. At that time he reported his ejaculation after defecation to the doctor. He wished to keep on having milnacipran in spite of that symptom, because he was afraid of a recurrence of depression. Milnacipran was prescribed thereafter. He continued to experience ejaculation after defecation about once per 2 or 3 weeks. Additionally, he occasionally observed emission of sperm at the end of micturition. One year after his first visit to our hospital, milnacipran was gradually decreased and stopped. He no longer experienced ejaculation after defecation. He started his new sexual life about 3 months after the cessation of milnacipran. He had no sexual dysfunction.CommentsHe had no intercourse for about 6 months before the beginning and for about 3 months after the cessation of milnacipran; nevertheless he did not experience ejaculation after defecation and emission of sperm at the end of micturition during those periods. This course shows that involuntary ejaculation was caused by the medication of milnacipran, not by the overpooling of sperm.5-HT acts inhibitory on seminal ejaculation in the brain.1 The sexual side effects most frequently observed in selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are delayed ejaculation and absent or delayed orgasm.2 5-HT increased by SSRIs is supposed to cause these side effects by its central effect. On the other hand, peripherally, seminal emission and ejaculation are primarly under adrenergic control.3 There have been two case reports about spontaneous ejaculation induced by reboxetine.4,5 Reboxetine is a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, and noradrenaline increased by reboxetine is supposed to cause spontaneous ejaculation by its peripheral effect. Though venlafaxine, one of SNRIs, showed ejaculation dysfunction in the frequency of 12% in a study of 1,033 patients, milnacipran was not reported to show ejaculation disturbance in a study of 1,867 patients.6 It might be due to well-balanced inhibitory effect of milnacipran on the reuptake of 5-HT and noradrenaline. However, this case suggests that milnacipran also has a possibility to induce ejaculation dysfunction. Patients generally hesitate to talk about their sexual problems with the doctor; therefore, this kind of side effects can be underestimated. We should be careful about the sexual dysfunction induced by milnacipran.References1 McIntosh TK, Barfield RJ: Brain monoaminergic control of male reproductive behavior, I: serotonin and the post-ejaculatory refractory period. Behav Brain Res 1984; 12:255–265Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar2 Rosen RC, Lane RM, Menza M: Effects of SSRIs on sexual function: a critical review. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1999; 19:67–85Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar3 Gutierrez MA, Stimmel GL: Management of and counseling for psychotropic drug-induced sexual dysfunction. Pharmacotherapy 1999; 19:823–831Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar4 Haberfellner EM: Sexual dysfunction caused by reboxetine. Pharmacopsychiatry 2002; 35:77–78Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar5 O’Flynn R, Michael A: Reboxetine-induced spontaneous ejaculation. Br J Psychiatry 2000; 177:567–568Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar6 Briley M: Specific serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): a review of their pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability. Hum Psychopharmacol 1998; 13:99–111Crossref, Google Scholar FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited BySpontaneous Ejaculation: A Focused Review for the CliniciansSexual Medicine Reviews, Vol. 9, No. 3Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety27 June 2005 | Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Vol. 14, No. 7 Volume 16Issue 4 November 2004Pages 544-544 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 November 2004 Published in print 1 November 2004

Ejaculation After Defecation Without Orgasm Induced by Milnacipran

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article LetterFull AccessEjaculation After Defecation Without Orgasm Induced by MilnacipranKeizo Yoshida, M.D., Ph.D., Hisashi Higuchi, M.D., Ph.D., Hitoshi Takahashi, M.D., Ph.D., and Tetsuo Shimizu, M.D., Ph.D., Keizo YoshidaSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Ph.D., Hisashi HiguchiSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Ph.D., Hitoshi TakahashiSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Ph.D., and Tetsuo ShimizuSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, JapanPublished Online:1 Nov 2004AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail SIR: Milnacipran is a novel serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a depressive patient who experienced ejaculation after defecation without orgasm in the treatment of milnacipran.Case ReportMr. A was a 31-year-old man. He had no past and familial history of psychiatric and urologic disorders. He got depressed and started to have milnacipran of 50 mg/day. One week later, the daily dosage of milnacipran was increased to 100 mg. Four weeks after the beginning of milnacipran, he first experienced ejaculation after defecation without orgasm. As he felt ashamed of having such a symptom, he did not report it to the doctor. Seven weeks after the beginning of milnacipran, his depressive symptoms remitted. At that time he reported his ejaculation after defecation to the doctor. He wished to keep on having milnacipran in spite of that symptom, because he was afraid of a recurrence of depression. Milnacipran was prescribed thereafter. He continued to experience ejaculation after defecation about once per 2 or 3 weeks. Additionally, he occasionally observed emission of sperm at the end of micturition. One year after his first visit to our hospital, milnacipran was gradually decreased and stopped. He no longer experienced ejaculation after defecation. He started his new sexual life about 3 months after the cessation of milnacipran. He had no sexual dysfunction.CommentsHe had no intercourse for about 6 months before the beginning and for about 3 months after the cessation of milnacipran; nevertheless he did not experience ejaculation after defecation and emission of sperm at the end of micturition during those periods. This course shows that involuntary ejaculation was caused by the medication of milnacipran, not by the overpooling of sperm.5-HT acts inhibitory on seminal ejaculation in the brain.1 The sexual side effects most frequently observed in selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are delayed ejaculation and absent or delayed orgasm.2 5-HT increased by SSRIs is supposed to cause these side effects by its central effect. On the other hand, peripherally, seminal emission and ejaculation are primarly under adrenergic control.3 There have been two case reports about spontaneous ejaculation induced by reboxetine.4,5 Reboxetine is a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, and noradrenaline increased by reboxetine is supposed to cause spontaneous ejaculation by its peripheral effect. Though venlafaxine, one of SNRIs, showed ejaculation dysfunction in the frequency of 12% in a study of 1,033 patients, milnacipran was not reported to show ejaculation disturbance in a study of 1,867 patients.6 It might be due to well-balanced inhibitory effect of milnacipran on the reuptake of 5-HT and noradrenaline. However, this case suggests that milnacipran also has a possibility to induce ejaculation dysfunction. Patients generally hesitate to talk about their sexual problems with the doctor; therefore, this kind of side effects can be underestimated. We should be careful about the sexual dysfunction induced by milnacipran.References1 McIntosh TK, Barfield RJ: Brain monoaminergic control of male reproductive behavior, I: serotonin and the post-ejaculatory refractory period. Behav Brain Res 1984; 12:255–265Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar2 Rosen RC, Lane RM, Menza M: Effects of SSRIs on sexual function: a critical review. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1999; 19:67–85Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar3 Gutierrez MA, Stimmel GL: Management of and counseling for psychotropic drug-induced sexual dysfunction. Pharmacotherapy 1999; 19:823–831Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar4 Haberfellner EM: Sexual dysfunction caused by reboxetine. Pharmacopsychiatry 2002; 35:77–78Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar5 O’Flynn R, Michael A: Reboxetine-induced spontaneous ejaculation. Br J Psychiatry 2000; 177:567–568Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar6 Briley M: Specific serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): a review of their pharmacology, clinical efficacy and tolerability. Hum Psychopharmacol 1998; 13:99–111Crossref, Google Scholar FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited bySpontaneous Ejaculation: A Focused Review for the CliniciansSexual Medicine Reviews, Vol. 9, No. 3Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety27 June 2005 | Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Vol. 14, No. 7 Volume 16Issue 4 November 2004Pages 544-544 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 November 2004 Published in print 1 November 2004

Editing and the Crisis of Open Source

Editing and the Crisis of Open Source

Facilitation of ejaculation after methamphetamine administration in paradoxical sleep deprived rats

This study investigated the effects of methamphetamine (MA) on genital reflexes in paradoxical sleep deprived (PSD) rats. Different doses of MA (0, 4, 16 and 64 mg/kg) were acutely given after PSD or the equivalent time to control animals. We observed enhancement of spontaneous ejaculation in PSD rats with larger doses of MA, the highest of which induced ejaculation in 100% of the PSD rats. This was significantly higher than the 30% in the control. Although testosterone exerts motivational effects on male sexual behavior, our data shows that testosterone levels were lower after the PSD period in saline and in the 64 mg/kg MA groups, which present ejaculation at different rates (20% and 100%, respectively). Progesterone levels were significantly higher in PSD-saline in relation to control group and in the 16 and 64 mg/kg of MA groups compared to the other doses. Since PSD induces dopaminergic alterations and dopamine (DA) has a key role in male sexual behavior, plasma DA was also measured. The DA concentration was enhanced in all PSD groups compared with their control group. The mechanism that activates steroid hormones may represent an important physiological effect through which neurotransmitters can affect behavioral events. These data show that MA facilitates ejaculation in PSD rats, however, further studies need to be carried out in order to clarify the hormonal–neurochemical mechanisms involved.

Fragrance chemistry, nocturnal rhythms and pollination “syndromes” in Nicotiana

GC–MS analyses of nocturnal and diurnal floral volatiles from nine tobacco species ( Nicotiana; Solanaceae) resulted in the identification of 125 volatiles, including mono- and sesquiterpenoids, benzenoid and aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes and esters. Fragrance chemistry was species-specific during nocturnal emissions, whereas odors emitted diurnally were less distinct. All species emitted greater amounts of fragrance at night, regardless of pollinator affinity. However, these species differed markedly in odor complexity and emission rates, even among close relatives. Species-specific differences in emission rates per flower and per unit fresh or dry flower mass were significantly correlated; fragrance differences between species were not greatly affected by different forms of standardization. Flowers of hawkmoth-pollinated species emitted nitrogenous aldoximes and benzenoid esters on nocturnal rhythms. Four Nicotiana species in section Alatae sensu strictu have flowers that emit large amounts of 1,8 cineole, with smaller amounts of monoterpene hydrocarbons and α-terpineol on a nocturnal rhythm. This pattern suggests the activity of a single biosynthetic enzyme (1,8 cineole synthase) with major and minor products; however, several terpene synthase enzymes could contribute to total monoterpene emissions. Our analyses, combined with other studies of tobacco volatiles, suggest that phenotypic fragrance variation in Nicotiana is shaped by pollinator- and herbivore-mediated selection, biosynthetic pathway dynamics and shared evolutionary history.

Beliefs concerning sexual health problems and treatment seeking among men in an Indian slum community

This study explores the sexual health problems and treatment-seeking behaviour of men in a Mumbai slum population. Men consider wet dreams, masturbation, early ejaculation, sexual weakness, and other semen-related issues as serious sexual health problems. Suppression of sexual desire was one of the major causes perceived by men for wet dreams, whereas masturbation was seen as the major cause for perceived early ejaculation and distortion in the shape of penis. Excessive loss of semen in any form, including through masturbation and frequent intercourse, was seen as causing most sexual health problems. These beliefs impact on subsequent behaviour, including treatment seeking. In this community-based study, about 45% of men reported to be currently suffering from one or more sexual health problems. One in every four who reported experiencing any problem sought treatment, mostly from the private sector that included a large number of unqualified and untrained providers. The present analysis stresses the importance of understanding these issues for sex education programmes and argues that traditional sexual health providers should be made an integral part of community-based STD/HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. Cette étude explore les problèmes de santé sexuelle et les comportements de recours aux soins chez des hommes d'un bidonville de Mumbai. Ces hommes perçoivent les pollutions nocturnes, la masturbation, l'éjaculation précoce, les défaillances sexuelles et toutes les préoccupations ayant rapport au sperme comme des problèmes sérieux de santé sexuelle. La disparition du désir sexuel est perçue par eux comme l'une des causes majeures des pollutions nocturnes, alors qu'ils considèrent la masturbation comme la cause principale de l'éjaculation précoce et des déformations du pénis. Une perte excessive de sperme, quelle qu'en soit la cause, de la masturbation aux rapports sexuels fréquents, est considérée comme à l'origine de la plupart des problèmes de santé sexuelle. Ces croyances influencent les comportements futurs, parmi lesquels ceux du recours aux soins. Dans cette étude menée dans un cadre communautaire, environ 45% des hommes ont signalé être confrontés, au moment des entretiens, à un ou à plus d'un problème de santé sexuelle. Parmi ces hommes, un sur quatre était en recherche de soins, pour la plupart dans le secteur privé qui comprend un nombre important de professionnels non formés et non qualifiés. Cette analyse souligne l'importance des programmes d'éducation sexuelle et soutient que les tradipraticiens en matière de santé sexuelle devraient faire partie intégrante des programmes de prévention des MST et du VIH/sida réalisés dans un cadre communautaire. En este estudio se examinan los problemas de salud sexual y el comportamiento de los hombres de una población de una barriada de Mumbai a la hora de buscar tratamiento. Los hombres creen que mojarse en la cama, la masturbación, la eyaculación precoz, la debilidad sexual y otros problemas relacionados con el semen son graves enfermedades de la salud sexual. Asimismo consideraban que la inhibición del deseo sexual era una de las principales causas de mojarse en la cama mientras que la masturbación era vista como la principal causa de eyaculación precoz y deformación del pene. Pensaban que la excesiva pérdida de semen, de cualquier forma, incluso a través de la masturbación y las relaciones frecuentes, era la causa de la mayoría de problemas sexuales. Estas creencias tienen un impacto en otros comportamientos, por ejemplo cuando hay que buscar un tratamiento. En este estudio basado en la comunidad analizada, aproximadamente el 45% de los hombres informaron que padecían uno o más problemas sexuales. Uno de cada cuatro hombres con problemas sexuales informó que buscaba un tratamiento, la mayor parte en el sector privado en el que se incluía un gran número de personal no cualificado sin formación alguna. El presente análisis subraya la importancia de programas de educación sexual y sugiere que el personal tradicional que se ocupa de la salud sexual forme parte integral del esfuerzo para prevenir el sida y otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual en la comunidad.

Unable to Queer the Deal: William S. Burroughs's Negotiations with “Eugene Allerton”

I liked Mexico City from the first day of my first visit there. In 1949, it was a cheap place to live, with a large foreign colony, fabulous whorehouses and restaurants, cockfights and bullfights, and every conceivable diversion. A single man could live well there for two dollars a day. My New Orleans case for heroin and marijuana possession looked so unpromising that I decided not to show up for the court date, and I rented an apartment in a quiet, middle-class neighborhood of Mexico City. (Queer v) William Seward Burroughs wrote his final literary composition, an entry in his personal journal, three days before his death on August 2, 1997. Among the entries during the last months of his life is one that simply reads, “Last night sex dream of Marker. Ran my hands down a lean young male body. Woke up feeling good” (Last Words 154).

Wet Dreams: Ideology and the Debates Over Canadian Water Exports*

Wet Dreams: Ideology and the Debates Over Canadian Water Exports*

Oneiric Metaphor in Film Theory

LIKE A DREAM. A CRITICAL HISTORY OF THE ONEIRIC METAPHOR IN FILM THEORY I know it's a cliché to say that films are like dreams -- like a collective unconscious,' Terry began, 'but I was thinking that nobody's ever really followed the idea through. There are different sorts of dreams, aren't there? And so obviously there are horror movies, which are like nightmares, and then there are dirty movies like Deep Throat and Emmanuelle, which are like wet dreams... Then there are remakes, and stories which keep getting told again and again, and those are like recurring dreams. And there are consoling, visionary dreams, like Lost Horizon or The Wizard of Oz. But when a film gets lost, and it's never been shown, and the print goes missing and nobody's ever seen it, that's the most beautiful kind of dream of all. Because that's the kind of dream that...

“I've Never Thought about It”: Contradictions and Taboos Surrounding American Males' Experiences of First Ejaculation (Semenarche)

First ejaculation research is scant, but studies reveal a contradiction: The majority of males report positive reactions to the event, and they are curious and interested about it, but they also tell no one of the experience. These paradoxical reactions—interest and silence—can be explained by a first ejaculation taboo in contemporary America. The quantitative and qualitative results of the current study, the first to investigate the perspectives of parents of early adolescent sons, provide evidence for this taboo. For example, parents rarely reported that they had communicated with sons about first ejaculation, and when they were asked if they had future plans to communicate their most frequent response was neither “yes” (35%) nor “no” (12%), but “I've never thought about it” (54%). Because first ejaculation is closely linked with sexual desire, masturbation, nocturnal emission, and orgasm, parents and others may have difficulty considering its developmental implications.