Abstract
Retrograde ejaculation (RE) is a well-known cause of male factor infertility. Recognized causes of RE include previous genitourinary surgery involving the bladder neck, genitourinary trauma, neurologic conditions, and side effects from medications. Diagnosis of RE is generally based on thorough history, limited physical evaluation, and focused laboratory testing. A number of therapeutic approaches are available for the treatment of RE or RE-related infertility. The management goal of RE is either to induce spontaneous antegrade ejaculation or to provide sufficient quantities of motile sperm for use in assisted reproductive techniques. This article summarizes the etiology, evaluation, and management of RE.
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