The spontaneous combustion of coal energy has seriously threatened energy security, and there is an urgent need for monitoring and warning of coal energy. Therefore, this article innovatively proposes a method of using infrasound waves to monitor coal energy spontaneous combustion, establishes a coal spontaneous combustion(CSC) infrasound wave experimental testing system, and studies the precursor characteristics of coal energy spontaneous combustion process. The results indicate that there is a good positive correlation between the amplitude of the dominant frequency of the infrasound wave generated by CSC and temperature, with a correlation coefficient of R2 > 0.85. The energy proportion of the infrasound signal from 0 to 0.12Hz exceeds 80 %. And as the CSC stage progresses, the energy of infrasound waves in the 0.04–0.08Hz frequency band increases significantly, and the changes in infrasound signals in this frequency band have a good correlation with temperature, with a correlation coefficient above 0.8. This frequency band is the main frequency band of infrasound waves during the CSC process. The research in this article provides a theoretical basis for the application of infrasound wave monitoring and warning of coal energy spontaneous combustion, and it is of great significance to ensure the safe mining of coal energy.