Sponsoring Bodies Research Articles

Women and Gender in Iraq: Between Nation-Building and Fragmentation

Women and Gender in Iraq: Between Nation-Building and Fragmentation

Assessing The Relationship between Sponsor Image Formation towards Building Positive Sponsor’s Image

The reciprocity practice between sponsored body engagements and image improvements represent the most important objectives for the company. Sponsorship openings is vital in developing the positive image strategies. The objective of this study is to analyze the growing importance regarding the influential relationship between sponsor image formations toward sponsor’s image. It is pertinent to improve the utilization of to what extent the brand sponsorship affects the image of sponsoring bodies. This study will be conducted using empirical data to examine the relationship by adopting the criterion of sponsor image formation to result the improvisation of sponsor’s image. Three distinct forms were taken based on proposition by Grohs & Reisinger (2014) of proposed relationship between event image, event sponsor-fit and event commercialization to sponsor’s image. This paper concludes with some reasons for the findings, implications for the choice and design of sponsorships, and further areas for research

The Legacy of Tübingen I (1964)

People who do not remember are like trees with their roots cut and rivers with their feeders dried up. While there may still be water and foliage, neither river nor tree can sustain life for much longer; soon both will be gone. Humans need to remember--at least now and then--where they come from and what their calling is so to be able to stay human and act accordingly. While the day-to-day demands tend to swallow us up until nothing distinctive is left, remembrance makes us reconnect with the roots of our being and with what we have set out for to accomplish. Once we forget who we are and what we stand for, we not only lose focus and orientation, we lose ourselves. The consultation known as "Tubingen I" was held fifty years ago on account of a joint invitation by the World Council of Churches (WCC) and the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) and hosted by the German Institute for Medical Missions at Tubingen, Germany. Tubingen I was neither the first nor the biggest get-together of people working in medical missions concerned about the future of such engagement and something more. Tubingen I, rather, was a consultation of experts tasked to advise the LWF and the WCC on how best to grapple with the challenges faced by church-related hospitals and health-care programs notably in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Yet, despite the secluded week-long deliberations of 19 (1) consultants, Tubingen I turned out to blaze the trail of a new understanding of the churches' involvement in health-care and healing, leading over time to significant practical changes. While the then-acting secretary of the World Council's Division of World Mission and Evangelism Charles H. Germany was confident that the "statements of the Tubingen Consultation will surely find an echo in the thought of Christian medical people throughout the world," (2) this came as a total surprise to most of the other participants. As Lesslie Newbigin stated in the Preface of the consultation report, In the course of the week spent together, certain common convictions were given to the group, and they felt bound to express them in a statement. Although this statement was not immediately published, the offices in Geneva began to receive very large numbers of enquiries about it. Many thousands of copies have been distributed in response to requests.... In a way which was not expected [the statement] seems to have spoken to the condition of many who were wrestling with the problems of medical missions, and ... with the healing ministry in one form or another. (3) In order to better understand the impact of and the legacy left by that very event, I will first situate Tubingen I within its historical and institutional context; second, analyze its finding; and conclude by looking at what happened to the insights gained in those days during the half century passed since. Tubingen I within the context of its time As previously stated, Tubingen I was not the first nor was it the biggest consultation addressing the challenges faced by medical missions and church-sponsored medical programs in the middle of the 20th century. Already in 1948, that is three years after World War II, the Church Missionary Society in London (CMS) published an elaborate statement on its medical policy (4) calling for the realignment of medical missions: "Realignment is designed to meet recurring need as circumstances alter.... Realignment may involve the use of new methods and the abandonment or subordination of old ones." (5) The new methods the statement envisioned were recognized as being "of great simplicity and of outmost importance." (6) They anticipated nearly everything of what some thirty years later would become known as Primary Health Care (PHC), namely: to focus on "preventive medicine," on "proper ... sanitation, working, and housing conditions," on "food supply, (7) on child welfare, (8) on the training of nurses, midwives, and auxiliaries, (9) on refresher courses for lay workers,1" on intersectoral and interdenominational cooperation, (11) on hospital outreach, (12) and, last but not least, on "the compilation of regional statistics and reports. …

The science prior to the crime—August Hirt's career before 1941

August Hirt (1898–1945) has achieved macabre renown for atrocities perpetrated during his years as professor of anatomy at the Reichsuniversität Straßburg 1941–1945. Little, however, is known about his preceding scientific career. To fill this gap and to scrutinise whether he really was a mediocre scientist during his early years, as some have purported, we perused relevant historical archives and the available literature. In 1921, after medical school, Hirt started to research and teach at the Institute of Anatomy in Heidelberg, forging a steady career until becoming interim chair in 1935. He then became director of anatomical institutes in Greifswald 1936 and Frankfurt 1938 before going to Straßburg in 1941. Hirt seems to have been well-established in the community of anatomists. Some of his career advancements after 1933 were nevertheless facilitated by Nazi support.His main scientific fields were the autonomic nervous system, in which he produced a relevant contribution to anatomical knowledge, and fluorescence microscopy. His development of a special “luminescence microscope”, in cooperation with pharmacologist Ellinger, was an important advancement in the history of microscopic technique. His early research was funded by national and international sponsoring bodies and was neither unethical nor racist. As Hirt did not publish anything after 1940, those who only knew his publications might think of him as a “good” scientist. To simply dismiss Hirt as a “pseudoscientist” would avoid the question–still difficult to answer–of how he could develop from an accepted, successful anatomist to a criminal “in the name of science”.

School Sponsoring Bodies’ Influence on Primary School Teachers’ View of Teaching Citizenship in Hong Kong

The 1-country, 2-systems approach of “self-governance” for Hong Kong much depends on the quality and wisdom of its citizens. The teachers' view on important qualities of a good citizen were collected by questionnaire, focus groups, and interviews in this study. Primary schools were selected randomly from 2 areas not located adjacent to each other. The study found that teachers from faith-based schools held stronger agreement with both the importance of teaching citizenship and the various qualities of “good citizen” as compared with teachers from schools operated by government.

Continuing Education of Academic Librarians in Nigeria: Accessibility Probe

In the fast-changing Library and Information Science (LIS) landscape, continuing education is the only strategy for the continued relevance of the library and information professionals in professional practice. The paper reports the research study, which examined the accessibility of continuing education events by academic librarians in Nigeria. The study adopted the case study method using academic librarians in Imo State, South–East, Nigeria. Data were analysed using percentages and frequency counts. The results show that academic librarians in Nigeria appreciate the value of continuing education, but their access to such events is limited by inadequate institutional sponsorship and insufficiency of personal finances among other factors. To improve access to continuing education events, the study recommends better funding of the institutions by their sponsoring bodies, higher personal sacrifices on the part of the academic librarians, joint organisation of continuing education programmes by cooperating academic libraries and amendment of the restrictive policy guiding access to the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) intervention fund for staff development.

콘텐츠 관련 공모전의 저작권 소유와 저작권 침해 분석

공모전이 활성화되어 다양한 단체에서 다양한 목적을 가지고 공모전을 주최하고 있다. 공공기관부터 개인 사업자까지 다양한 주최의 공모전 요강을 분석해보면 저작권을 주최 측이 가지려는 경향이 매우 크다. 공모전 요강 중 일부는 일종의 계약서이다. 주최 측은 요강을 통해 저작권에 대한 견해를 분명히 밝히고 있는 데 반해, 개인은 계약서로 보기보다는 공모전에 출품하기 위한 형식이라고 단순하게 생각하는 경향이 있다. 이제는 공모전의 저작권에 대한 문제 제기가 필요한 시점이다. 기업의 콘텐츠 저작권만 보호하는 것이 중요한 것이 아니라 개인의 콘텐츠 저작권 또한 보호받고 존중받아야 한다는 점이다. 본 연구는 공모전 요강에서 드러나는 저작권 소유와 저작권 침해 항목을 분석함으로써 저작권에 대한 문제 제기를 하는 데 목적이 있다. 공모전의 저작권 조항은 계약서 역할을 한다. 공모전의 저작권 항목은 갑과 을의 관계인 주최 측과 수상자 모두가 이해하고 수용할 수 있는 내용이 바람직한 공모전의 방향이다. 이를 위해서 공공기관부터 개인 사업자까지 우월적인 지위를 가진 주최 측의 인식변화가 필요하다. 그러기 위해서는 첫 번째, 저작권의 표기: 분명하고 구체적인 용어를 사용해야 한다. 두 번째, 해석의 범위: 포괄적인 해석이 가능한 표기가 아닌 구체적인 표기를 해야 한다. 세 번째, 저작재산권의 대가: 주최 측이 수상작의 저작재산권 소유나 이용이 필요할 경우, 저작재산권의 권리 소유나 이용에 맞는 대가의 상금액을 고려한 적정한 재산적 사용의 권리를 표기해야 한다. 네 번째, 사용기간: 저작재산권의 사용기간을 표기해야 한다. 다섯 번째, 권리의 범위: 주최 측이 필요로 하는 저작재산권의 범위를 한정 표기해야 한다. 여섯 번째, 상호존중: 일방적 계약이 아닌 상호 배려와 존중에 입각한 쌍방계약의 개념으로 저작권 관련 항목을 표기해야 한다. As contest exhibits have been activated, a variety of organizations are holding contest with various purposes. Analysis on the guidelines prepared by various sponsoring bodies ranging from public organizations to privately owned businesses shows that sponsoring bodies tend to possess copyrights of entries. Parts of guidelines of contest exhibit are the contract. While sponsoring body shows its opinion on copyright through guidelines, individual participant tends to consider it simply as a form to submit for contest exhibit rather than a contract. Now is the time to bring out a question in respect of the copyright on the contest exhibit. The important fact is that copyright on corporate contents is important, but copyright on individual contents is equally important and it must be protected and respected. This study aims to bring out a question on copyright by analyzing possession and infringement of copyright that stands forth in the guidelines of contest exhibit. Provisions on copyright of contest exhibit play a role as a contract. Provisions on copyright of contest exhibit shall be the ones which can be understood and accepted by both sponsoring body and winner who are the A and B of a contract. For this, change in perception of sponsoring bodies ranging from public organizations to privately owned businesses with prominent position is strongly required. For the foregoing, First, Indication of Copyright: Clear and concrete terms must be used. Second, Scope of Interpretation: Concrete and detailed indication must be made for preventing indication that allows comprehensive interpretation. Third, Cost for Author's Property Right: In case sponsoring body needs to possess or use the author's property right of prize-winning work, proper rights on use considering prize money corresponding to possession or use of author's property right must be indicated. Fourth, Term of Use: The term for using author's property right must be indicated. Fifth, Scope of Rights: The scope of author's property right that sponsoring body requires must be limited and indicated. Sixth, Mutual Respect: Items related to copyright must be indicated on the basis of the concept of bilateral contract founded on mutual consideration and respect, not on the concept of unilateral contract.

Private Universities in India, Analysis of Laws and Model Guidelines

We at Symbiosis have prepared a detailed concept note regarding the establishment of Private Universities in India. In this era of liberalization and globalization of education, it is germane to attract, encourage and promote the private sector investment in the realm of Higher Education and lay the legislative pathway to establish and incorporate private self-financing Universities in India. Establishment of Private Universities has been a major milestone in the field of higher education in India. Private Universities is a new concept where self financed, private universities can be established by private sponsoring bodies without financial aid from the State. A number of private universities have been established in various States. It is the right time to develop and implement a progressive framework that provides for opportunities to deserving private institutions and educational promoters, with relevant and sufficient experience and exposure in the field of higher education, so as to contribute towards the expansion of higher education and research in India.This concept note and analysis is an effort to compare the prevalent State Policies, which are varied from one State to the other, for establishment of State Private Universities. The note also puts forth recommendation for creating a broad framework in the form of guidelines for establishment and incorporation of State Private Universities. The note consists of: An Analysis and Recommendations Report & Model Guidelines for establishment of State Private Universities. Both these documents have been prepared after careful study and assessment of various State Policies in this regard, relevant UGC Regulations and relevant Hon'ble Supreme Court of India Judgement.Our objective in preparing the said concept note and report is to provoke thoughts from readers for this milestone activity in privatization of higher education namely, that of establishment of State Private Universities. We hope that this note and report will encourage readers to send us their comments, opinions and any other relevant data. We also hope that policy makers and others concerned will find our report useful.

Comparative education and international education in the history of Compare: boundaries, overlaps and ambiguities

The fields of comparative and international education have overlapping identities and are commonly paired. The overlap and pairing has been evident in the history of Compare as well as elsewhere. However, the indistinct nature of the boundaries can cause conceptual difficulties. Taking a historical perspective not only on Compare and its sponsoring association but also on other journals and their sponsoring bodies, this article highlights some of the ambiguities and argues for stronger definitional and conceptual clarity.

The Stoke CNEP Saga – did it need to take so long?

In 1999, the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, the Royal College of Physicians of London, and the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine convened a consensus conference on Misconduct in Biomedical Research. The conference concluded that a national panel should be established – with public representation – to provide advice and assistance (on issues of research misconduct) on request.1 It was suggested that the panel might develop and promote models of good practice for local implementation; provide assistance with the investigation of alleged research misconduct; and collect, collate and publish information on incidents of research misconduct. It was hoped that the report of the Conference would be given the fullest possible dissemination by the sponsoring bodies, and that they would convene at the earliest opportunity a meeting with the General Medical Council and appropriate partners to establish and consider the remit of the national panel.2

Teachers’ perceptions of Incorporated Management Committees as a form of school-based management in Hong Kong

The policy of the registration of School Management Committees (SMCs) as Incorporated Management Committees (IMCs) has led to a dispute between the School Sponsoring Bodies (SSBs) and the Education and Manpower Bureau (EMB, renamed Education Bureau, EDB in July 2007) and has caused great tension between the two parties. However, in this heated debate, little has been heard about teachers’ opinions on this important issue. Therefore, this study aims at finding out teachers’ perceptions of the newly proposed school management system and whether they are willing to participate in IMCs. In this study, 585 questionnaires were collected from a total of 652 which had been distributed to 25 schools (19 secondary schools and 9 primary schools), and five teacher representatives from five schools were involved in post-survey interviews. Findings from this study show that while the teachers were generally in favour of working hand in hand with the public (e.g. parents, alumni and members of the local community) for the betterment of schools, they had reservations about the registration of SMCs as IMCs because there would be legal implications of the Committees. Second, the teachers saw the IMCs as an administrative tool to improve school management, rather than as a means of enhancing students’ learning outcomes. Third, teachers were hesitant about taking up the posts of teacher managers due to the unpredictable workload and legal liability involved. Finally, teachers from Christian schools were generally much less in favour of including representatives from the public and the registration of the SMCs as IMCs. The findings imply that the EMB has a responsibility to clarify the legal implications of IMCs and the ways in which school representatives’ interests can be safeguarded. At the same time, SSBs need to regulate their management pattern and allow more transparency and accountability in managing their schools.

A comparison of curricular practices in Chinese kindergartens: The influence of curriculum reform

China launched a top-down curriculum reform in kindergartens in the 1980s. In order to examine the influence of this reform, this study compared the similarities and differences in curricular practices in kindergartens with different sponsoring bodies in Shanxi province. Altogether, 26 principals and 95 teachers in 50 classrooms from 26 kindergartens participated in the study. Principals and teachers completed questionnaires and were interviewed and kindergartens were observed. Results indicated that kindergartens in Shanxi have made great progress in the arrangement of indoor space, arranging the schedule and allocating attention to individual needs. Kindergartens under local education bureaux and work units were significantly better than kindergartens under town governments in these aspects. But kindergartens with different sponsoring bodies still have not attained the reform objectives in terms of teacher-child interactions and the organization of curricular activities. There was a relation between resource availability and curricular practice and the influences of the macro culture and educational institutions on curricular practice are discussed.

Implementation of School-Based Management in Hong Kong: Recent Development and Future Challenges

Since 2000, all schools in the public sector in Hong Kong have implemented school-based management. However, it is only recently that the government has passed a new bill to enforce the setting up of a mandated structure of the school-based council in schools. Many school sponsoring bodies are worried about a possible diminution of their control as a result of the new management committee structure. At individual school level, the readiness of school principals, teachers and parents seems to be the core of the question. Principals’ transformational and curriculum leadership in local schools seems to be weak. As a result, policy-makers attempt to work out ways to enhance the implementation of school-based management by providing training for school managers, promoting home–school relations and encouraging the professional development for principals. In addition, there is a need to enhance leadership development for supervisors and middle managers. Future challenges to schools include carrying out a smooth transformation of the present school management structure to the required incorporated management committees, effective implementation of school-based management under the new bill and quality training for other stakeholders.

Effect of School Decentralization and School Climate on Student Mathematics Performance: The Case of Hong Kong

For more than a decade, the Government of Hong Kong has instituted a policy of school decentralization aimed at devolving authority to all stakeholders, including the representatives of School Sponsoring Bodies, principals, teachers, parents, and community members. This study examines the relative contribution of two dimensions of school decentralization – teacher participation and school autonomy – to students' mathematics performance, and examines the role of school climate as a mediating variable between decentralization and performance. Data for the present study come from the second cycle of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2003), which is a large international assessment measuring 15-year-old students' literacy performance across over 40 countries and regions around the world. Using multi-level analysis, the study finds that teacher participation is more important than school autonomy for student mathematics performance in Hong Kong. In addition, the effect of teacher participation on students' performance is mediated by four major school climatic factors – sense of belonging, disciplinary climate, students' morale and student behaviour – in Hong Kong's secondary schools.

MISSION TOWARDS RECONCILED AND INTER‐CONTEXTUAL COMMUNITIES

A brief historical note That the overarching theme of this consultation includes a concern for relationships in is not surprising. The very identities and purpose of the four sponsoring bodies are built around the search for and the promotion of wholesome relationships across churches in very different cultural, economic and socio-political contexts in various parts of the world. The very structures of CEVAA, CWM and UMI are intended to testify to the necessity and urgency of valuing difference and plurality, promoting the construction of each other's identities in interactive dialogue, and practising intercontextual sharing in the perspective of the reign of God. The 1970s, the years that nurtured and brought to birth CEVAA and CWM, are perhaps some of the most momentous years in ecumenical mission thinking and practice. The world mission conference in Bangkok brought out the reality of pluralism and difference in Christian communities around the world in far greater relief than ever before. Culture and was the theme of a major section. It stressed the need to affirm cultural and other differences, and to reject the easy homogenization of plurality. Some leaders saw challenging forms of Western cultural hegemony as a critical aspect of the church's mission from the South. It was their recognition of the continuing asymmetrical power relations between churches in the North and South that led some from Africa and Asia to call for a moratorium in mission. But it was a moratorium for the sake of mutuality so that authentic contextual and intercontextual relations in mission might emerge. Since Bangkok, every single CWME conference has dealt in some manner and d egree with the issue of identity and pluralism in mission, and the promotion of intercontextual dialogue across cultures. No wonder that, around this time, Philip Potter summed up his vision of the whole burden of the ecumenical movement as to cooperate with God in making the oikoumene an oikos, a home, a family of men and women, of young and old, of varied gifts, cultures, possibilities where openness, trust, love and justice reign. (1) Dialogue of was a persistent theme and a singular thread that runs through all of Potter's reflections on mission and ecumenism. Since the 1970s, the voices that call the churches to take seriously the heterogeneity and plurality that mark peoples around the world, and the continuing asymmetrical power relations among churches, have grown clearer and louder, particularly from those who have been marginalized. Most of the major conferences of the World Council of Churches (WCC) and its assemblies have heard them. The world mission conferences in San Antonio, Texas, in 1989 and the one in Salvador, Bahia, in 1996 are no exception. In 1991, the Canberra assembly of the WCC defined the mission of the church, stating, The reconciliation brought about by the cross is the basis of the mission of the Church. A reconciled and renewed creation is the goal of the mission of the Church. The vision of God uniting all things in Christ is the driving force of its life and sharing. (2) The gospel and cultures study process of the WCC provided space for many to express the uniqueness of their identities, plurality and fluidity within a single cultural process, and the impossibility of any one cultural expression of the Christian story being the norm for everyone else. At the same time, sharing rich experiences of the gospel stories across diverse cultures led to the call for the active promotion of cross-contextual dialogue, challenge and mutual enrichment. Intercontextual relations are not simply a matter of effectively organizing mission across churches. It is not a strategy; rather, our ecumenical mission thinking over the past three decades and our world context today demand that we consider the promotion of intercontextual relations in itself as mission. …

Global trends in quality specifications: a report from the Stockholm Conference

In Stockholm a conference entitled: "Strategies to Set Global Quality Specifications in Laboratory Medicine" was held in April 1999. The primary aim in organizing the Conference was to provide a vehicle for reaching consensus on global quality specifications in laboratory medicine. This objective was achieved and a lively constructive debate, after the presentations were complete, led to agreement on the principles laid down in the Consensus Statement. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) kindly sponsored the Conference but it must be noted that the Consensus Statement reflects the views of the presenters and registrants who participated in the Conference and does not necessarily represent those of the sponsoring bodies. This paper reports on the standardization efforts so far, the Stockholm Consensus Conference, the ISO uncertainty concept and the consensus reality. A hierarchy of quality specifications in laboratory medicine was defined and agreed on.

Book reviews: Man of the world

Sir Joseph Banks: a global perspective . Edited by R.E.R. Banks, B. Elliott, J.G. Hawkes, D. King-Hele & G.Ll. Lucas (eds), Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, 1994. Pp. ii+235. £12.00. ISBN 0-947643-61-3 Eight sponsoring bodies, 20 authors, 14 substantive contributions: the major conference held at the Royal Society in April 1993 in commemoration of the 250th anniversary of the birth of Sir Joseph Banks was on a scale surely befitting a man of such diverse activities and far reaching ambitions. In its turn it has now received its own commemoration in print - no less fittingly, with five editors. In an appetizing opening to the volume, Harold B. Carter provides a magisterial distillation of his unrivalled knowledge of the basic biographical facts. Largely responsible for the altogether more benign and admiring view now taken of Banks, he helpfully reminds us afresh of the strong personality, the forceful intellect and the organizing power. Correcting the myth that Banks was biased against the physical sciences and emphasizing the key importance of his friendship with Henry Cavendish, he depicts him as personifying the transition from early 18th-century virtuosity to 19th-century science. Despite the handicap of near- crippling gout, from a comparatively early age, Banks parlayed a well-placed social position to the point where he was virtually playing Colbert to George Ill’s Louis Quatorze, for 30 or more years acting effectively ‘as a sort of Permanent Secretary to a Ministry of Science and Technology’

Excavations at Tell Brak 1990-91

The eleventh and twelfth seasons of excavations at Tell Brak in North-eastern Syria took place in the spring of 1990 and 1991, from about the middle of March to the end of May in each year. The work was sponsored and generously supported by the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge. Generous contributions were also received from the National Geographic Society, the British Academy and the British School of Archaeology in Iraq. It is a pleasant obligation, as always, to record our gratitude to our sponsoring bodies and also to Dr. Ali Abou Assaf, Director General of Antiquities and Museums, and to Dr. Adnan Bounni, Director of Excavations, both for their generous cooperation in administrative matters and for their scholarly and friendly interest in our work. Our thanks go also to their staff in Damascus, Aleppo, Deir ez Zor and Hasake for all the practical help we have received from them, and especially to Sayid Assad Mahmud, Director of Antiquities, Deir ez Zor Museum, in whose keeping the antiquities from Tell Brak now are, and to our representatives, Sayid Bassam Jamus and Sayid Hussein Yusuf in 1990, and Sayid Heitham Hassan and Sayid Ibrahim Mustafa in 1991. Once again, HE the Governor of Hasake Province and all local officials with whom we came in contact gave us encouragement and support. We owe much to all our Syrian friends.

What is: the Applied Probability Trust?

In this final article on the four sponsoring bodies of Teaching Statistics, Mavis Hitchcock answers the question

Welcome by Dennis Brutus

Welcome to the University of Texas at Austin, to our Symposium on Contemporary South African Literature and the Inaugural Conference of the African Literature Association. It is my pleasant duty to welcome you on behalf of our Working Committee and our numerous sponsoring bodies, particularly the African and Afro-American Studies and Research Center. I hope you will have a pleasant stay, and that you will forgive any defects in the arrangements.I would especially welcome our Speakers and Respondents; many of them agreed to come here at considerable sacrifice, and we are deeply grateful to them.