Spoken Word Research Articles

AN ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE OF THE CHARACTERS IN THE BIRD BOX FILM

. To accomplish the goals of an ability to understand, it is anticipated that everyone involved in the communication process will work together. However, in practice, sending purposes are not usually expressed clearly. In reality, a person might not reach the part of the conversation where they are required to speak openly, intelligibly, pertinently, and appropriately so that the other person can understand them incredibly well. This phenomenon is referred to as conversational implicature in linguistic terms, where individuals prefer to indicate their additional or hidden meaning that is delivered behind spoken words. By using Grice's theory to determine implicature form for portraying conversation context, which determines the factors that influence communication, this research aims to examine the phenomenon in the conversation of the two main characters in the Bird Box film. The researcher used the conversational implicature theory by Grice (1975) to identify the utterance and the speech acts theory by Searle (1976) to categorize the function. Searle (1976) classified speech acts identified are representatives/assertives, instructions, commissives, expressives, and declarations. This study has a qualitative research design. The researcher employed the Sudaryanto (2015) interview method to gather data, the Sudaryanto (2015) pragmatic identity method to analyze the data, and the Sudaryanto (2015) informal presentation approach to convey the research findings. The researcher gathered ten data sets with conversational implicature in order to examine the data.

Pemaknaan Hidup pada Wanita Single Parent Usia Dewasa Madya

Being a single parent is not easy, especially if it is experienced by a woman or mother who has reached middle adulthood. Where the age is no longer young, but the task is increasing. This study aims to find out what is the meaning of life, what is a single parent woman in middle adulthood, and how is the process of finding the meaning of life in single parent women in middle adulthood. The method used in this study is a qualitative method through a case study approach that produces descriptive data, namely written words or words from people or observed behavior. The meaning of life is a process to find the meaning of various events that have occurred both in the form of happiness and suffering and are reflected on oneself to achieve the goal, continue life until the individual feels a meaningful life and creates feelings of happiness. Everyone has the freedom to find the meaning of his life, so the meaning of life can be owned by anyone and under any conditions, one of which can be owned by a single parent woman in middle adulthood. The meaning of life is not found just like that, but is pursued through a process, one of which is through the spiritual dimension. Because the meaning of life is inseparable from the spiritual dimension, then one aspect of one's success in achieving the meaning of life is through the way of surrender, namely with Islam which is a work of outward practice and directed activity, faith which is inner worship and ihsan which is awareness in every person. steps taken, words spoken, and actions taken.

Study of Carl Rogers' Humanist Approach in Interfaith Counseling

This article analyzes counseling services to counselees of different churches and religions. The main objective is to answer whether there is a possibility that counselees from different churches and religions will be helped. The research was conducted using a qualitative method in which we focused on descriptive data that refers to the counselee's spoken words and behavior. The research was conducted at the Yayasan Tembok Ratapan Timor, Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. The Study found that counselees from various churches and religions can solve their problems when their potential is revealed. The humanist approach of Carl Rogers used by the counselor is very effective in maximizing the counselee's potential. Through a review of religions' theology, it was concluded that the love of God deserves to be enjoyed by counselees of different religions.

Trauma, Affect, Memory and 21st-Century Poetry

This interview with contemporary poet and historian Cristina A. Bejan, conducted over email, examines several contemporary meanings of 21st-century poetry through a personal lens. The interview starts from Bejan’s academic work and continues with her creative work, focusing on her ‘spoken word’ in the volume Green Horses on the Wall, published in 2020 and translated in Romanian this year. Notions such as memory, trauma, affect that represent the core of Bejan’s poetry are explained by the poet in relation to her poetics.

The timbre-role of the colouratura soprano in the semantic reference points of an opera workу

Statement of the problem. Opera is one of the most popular and most difficult musical phenomena for scientific comprehension. The attention of musicologists is consistently focused on the vocal component, because it is the art of singing that has affected the emergence, evolution, numerous reforms and modern transformations of dramma per musica. While in dramatic theatre, in order to comprehend the plot’s conflicts, we need to hear and understand literally every word spoken on stage, in opera this is not necessary and does not prevent us from following the development of the plot, which is revealed on a musical level, where the beauty of the human voice is of particular importance. Therefore, belonging to a certain role in opera is determined by the type of singer’s voice. The purpose of this work is to outline the basic approaches to the interpretation of the timbre-role of the colouratura soprano in Western European opera. Results and conclusion. The history of Western European vocal art goes back several centuries, during which the content, language resources, genre systems and areas of music-making have changed significantly. This provoked a rethinking of the sound-expressive and dynamic capabilities of the human voice and changes in approaches to the classification of singer’s voices. For example, in the twelfth century, the transition from monody to polyphony determined the need to divide the functions of male voices (because women did not sing in churches). A system similar to the modern one was developed: tenor; discant (later named soprano); alto; bass. However, the development of solo vocal performance and opera art influenced the reconsideration of the expressive capabilities of the human voice. If in the Renaissance vocal tradition, the soloist’s voice was supposed to sound like an analogue of the most virtuoso instrument, then gradually requirements for natural voice sound were formed. However, virtuosity prevailed in vocal art for a long time, influencing the formation of the bel canto style, the heyday of which is associated with the work of castrato singers. However, over time, aesthetic guidelines changed, and gradually vocal teachers began to use the bel canto technique in their work with natural voices. One of the consequences of these transformations was the clarification of the classification of singing voices and the crystallisation of the corresponding stage roles. Let us analyse the vocal and stage potential of the colouratura soprano in this aspect, pointing out that there are still several different interpretations of this concept. Historically, the first of them comes from the technique of performance, but as for the definition of “colouratura soprano” itself, its use is not generally accepted. A significant number of vocal teachers are inclined to believe that the most appropriate distribution of female voices is the following: soprano – mezzosoprano – contralto. Nevertheless, in the Fach System, which is the most widespread in contemporary opera practice, we find references to colouratura: lyric colouratura soprano, colouratura mezzo-soprano, and dramatic colouratura soprano. And while this division is conditional and does not deny the performance of roles intended for a different voice, the requirements of contemporary opera directors to match not only the voice, but also the age and appearance of the performers to the chosen character still make their own adjustments. herefore, as a conclusion of the study, we would like to express the opinion that colouratura sopranos are “doomed” to perform the roles of young girls and representatives of the otherworld.

Analyses on selected techniques for crime detecting among Pupils of Police Model Primary School, Wudil Kano

Crime is an epidemic, and there is a need to spot crime doers. The research aimed to analyze systemic technical approaches to nipping crime in the bud. Police Primary School was employed. Recruitment was 100 pupils. They were five classes in all, and each classroom had 20 pupils. The pupils stayed in their classrooms. The research is in two phases: Phase 1 is voice recognition, and phase 2 is the truth serum approach. Phase 1 was to test the ability of students to recognize each other through a voice from spoken words between close associates. Each class was allocated twenty seconds for the ear witness voice recognition. The pupils in each class block utter sounds (speak), one after the other, and the other class block keenly listens to their voices for identification. In phase 2, pupils receive items as an enticement for the truth. This item is mind-altering, and the crime's identity is known. The research analyzed information obtained from the pupils after inducement to ascertain the doer of the crime. In phase 1, pupils in the same classrooms' voice recognition scored above 70%, while pupils in different classrooms scored above 60% in all the classrooms demonstrated. Only Classrooms B and D were non-significant from other classrooms (P>0.05) in the same classrooms, while non-significant differences in the different classroom settings were observed. Pase-2 revealed above 60% of the crime doers. Only two classrooms were not significant. The most frequent crime is noise making. The divulging of information on crime doers was comparable in all. Keywords: Crimes, Pupils, voice recognition, truth serum, classrooms and Police Model School.

Eric J. Miller memorial lecture—his legacy

In the group relations/Tavistock milieu Eric Miller comes as close to an icon as social scientists and psychoanalysts can tolerate ... most of you will know him from his prolific writing and might have learnt, through his books, about his life-long concern with the paradox of being a human. Those of us fortunate to have known him personally, would recognise his many humanly contradictions. A man of few spoken words, he had mastered the study of phenomena, and I believe touched people so deeply because of his ability to simply be with people without memory or desire in the fully Bionian sense. In this twentieth anniversary of his death, this memorial lecture is a memoir of Eric, as I remember him from the many teas in the Khaleelee–Miller conservatory, when I came for supervision meetings, from group relations conferences and—applying some poetic licence—from putting together pieces of others' memories of him as they were willing to share them and his field notes as preserved in the Tavistock Institute's archive at the Wellcome Library.

THE USE OF THE DUOLINGO GUESSING GAME APPLICATION IN TEACHING SPEAKING ABILITY TOWARD 8TH - STUDENTS

The Use Of The Duolingo Guessing Game Application In Teaching Speaking Ability Toward 8th - Students. This study was aimed to analyze how students use the game application named Duolingo, as an English learning application, to evaluate its benefit to help students in learning English and to assess students' skills in speaking. The data for this research was collected by using post and pre-test methods in research techniques. The data source was students from SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Medan, focused on 8th grade by providing multiple-choice questions by using Duolingo Applications. The quantitative design was used in this study and the techniques for data analysis include (1) data collection procedures, (2) data analysis techniques, and (3) conclusions. Based on analysis findings, students provided improvements to English learning and they speak more smoothly with a better tone. However, learning English has a number of advantages, and since Duolingo is a form of multiple choice test so the students enjoy, and it help the problem of speaking and use repetition of words so the students can follow how to say or speak.

Context‐based style transfer of tokenized gestures

AbstractGestural animations in the amusement or entertainment field often require rich expressions; however, it is still challenging to synthesize characteristic gestures automatically. Although style transfer based on a neural network model is a potential solution, existing methods mainly focus on cyclic motions such as gaits and require re‐training in adding new motion styles. Moreover, their per‐pose transformation cannot consider the time‐dependent features, and therefore motion styles of different periods and timings are difficult to be transferred. This limitation is fatal for the gestural motions requiring complicated time alignment due to the variety of exaggerated or intentionally performed behaviors.This study introduces a context‐based style transfer of gestural motions with neural networks to ensure stable conversion even for exaggerated, dynamically complicated gestures. We present a model based on a vision transformer for transferring gestures' content and style features by time‐segmenting them to compose tokens in a latent space. We extend this model to yield the probability of swapping gestures' tokens for style‐transferring. A transformer model is suited to semantically consistent matching among gesture tokens, owing to the correlation with spoken words. The compact architecture of our network model requires only a small number of parameters and computational costs, which is suitable for real‐time applications with an ordinary device.We introduce loss functions provided by the restoration error of identically and cyclically transferred gesture tokens and the similarity losses of content and style evaluated by splicing features inside the transformer. This design of losses allows unsupervised and zero‐shot learning, by which the scalability for motion data is obtained.We comparatively evaluated our style transfer method, mainly focusing on expressive gestures using our dataset captured for various scenarios and styles by introducing new error metrics tailored for gestures. Our experiment showed the superiority of our method in numerical accuracy and stability of style transfer against the existing methods.

Speaking the City, Disrupting Its Discourses: How Poets like Suhaiymah Manzoor-Khan and Leeds Young Authors Are Reclaiming Britain’s Multicultural Cities

The spoken word and slam poetry of Suhaiymah Manzoor-Khan and Leeds Young Authors, performed live and broadcasted online, is redefining who shapes and constitutes the British city—here Leeds—and its literature today. This poetry constitutes a new lyric, intersubjective and plural form that directly expresses real life experience. The transnational influence of hip-hop and slam as powerful minority art forms has combined with the reach and interactive potential of the internet to expand the scope of poetry as a mode of expression for minority subjects today, decentring top-down discourses on British cities (largely based on London) literature, culture and society.

Healing for the Soul: Richard Smallwood, the Vamp, and the Gospel Imagination, by Braxton D. Shelley

<i>Healing for the Soul: Richard Smallwood, the Vamp, and the Gospel Imagination</i>, by Braxton D. Shelley

The Activism of Dance Performance in Appalachia: Utilizing the Arts to Address Social and Environmental Crisis and Injustice in the Mountains

Abstract For well over a century, the human and more-than-human of Central Appalachia have endured oppression and exploitation, primarily due to natural resource extraction. In spring 2008, the author led a dark touri to a mountaintop removal coalmining site in Southern West Virginia for colleagues, which included Dance Professor Deborah McLaughlin. As a result, the two collaborated on three evening-length dance/theater works highlighting social and environmental crises and injustices in the region. The performances incorporated contemporary dance, poetry, the spoken word, and the visual arts, as well as contemporary and traditional music. The first, Eating Appalachia: Selling Out to the Hungry Ghost, focused on mountaintop removal coalmining and its environmental and cultural destruction. With Sounds of Stories Dancing, the duo paid homage to millions of mountain residents forced to leave the region to find stable employment, despite longing to remain. In the final piece, The Shadow Waltz, they honored the lives of coalminers with black lung disease, as well as their families. This essay discusses the challenges of creating art that critiques socially constructed messages portrayed as given truths, as well as the educational and social successes of daring to dance truth to power.

“What does it mean to make a picture of the now?”

“What does it mean to make a picture of the now?”

Primary, Main, and Major: Learning the Synonyms through Corpus Data

English is widely known as a language containing a number of near-synonyms, i.e. words with similar meaning, and therefore English learners are often confronted with difficulty in the use of near-synonyms in different contexts. This corpus-informed study aims to differentiate the synonyms primary, main , and major , focusing on their distribution across genres and collocation usage. The three target synonyms were selected as main and majo r are among the first 1,000 words in spoken and written English (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 2014), while primary appears in Coxhead’s (2000) Academic Word List (AWL). The data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) demonstrated that the three synonymous adjectives most frequently occur in academic texts, with primary being more common in newspapers and magazines. Through a collocation analysis based on frequency and MI score, concern strongly collocates with all three adjectives, while some noun collocates are frequently combined with only certain pairs of synonyms, e.g. primary/main focus , a main/major theme , and a primary/major factor . More interestingly, some noun collocates are attached to specific semantic themes, with primary being exclusively associated with health and election, main with place, food, or literature, and major with sports or business. As to the implications for ELT, teachers are encouraged to develop synonym lessons based on typical collocates derived from authentic corpus-based English, e.g. COCA.

Teaching RAP Paraphrasing Strategy for Leveling-Up Readers Performance

The visual field of the written word (writing must be seen, spatially mapped) is essentially distinct from the auditory field. We can only read printed material as individuals while we listen as an audience. The body forms and vibrates with the voice, which "disappears the moment it is pronounced," whereas writing "separates the word from the live presentation, where only spoken words may remain". However, writing as speech and writing about speech contribute crucial elements to work, and one might argue that creative writing, which sprang from an oral tradition, not only minimizes the distance between writing and voice but also feeds on their closeness. If speech "disappears," then creative writing maintains its traces alive. According to Richard and Willy (2002), writing is considered an active skill that demands output more than recognition, and hence, Second language writers must take notice of "the higher level skills of planning and arrange and the lower-level skills of spelling, punctuation, and so on". The students are expected to acquire not just the talent of acquiring and arranging ideas but also the art of expressing those ideas in legible prose. Therefore, the messages may be sent effectively.

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Fisik Motorik Halus Anak Kelompok B Melalui Metode Demonstrasi

The purpose of this study was to determine students' level of success in the Physical Fine Motor aspects through the Demonstration Method. The approach used is a qualitative approach where research is based on descriptive data from spoken words or observable behavior. Demonstration assessment techniques can be carried out using a checklist and rating scale. This research was conducted at Kemala Bhayangkari Kindergarten with ten students. Applying the demonstration method by making cow puppets can improve children's fine motor development, which previously only 30% of children's achievement levels increased to 90%.

Offensive statements lead to pharmacist liabilities

There is an adage that says “sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never harm me.” It isn't true. Words can hurt, and the law provides remedies when spoken words cause harm. Two recent legal cases demonstrate the potential consequences of harmful words spoken by a pharmacist.

Strategies for facilitating processing of transient information in instructional videos by using learner control mechanisms.

Learner control of video presentations by using pause buttons or timeline scrollbars was suggested as helpful for learning from sources of transient information such as dynamic visualizations and spoken words. However, effective learner control could be difficult to attain without sufficient instructional support. This study developed strategies for facilitating processing and integration of transient information based on cognitive load theory by providing learners with explicit guidance in when and how to use pausing and timeline scrollbars while watching instructional videos. A single-factor between-subjects experiment was conducted to examine the effects of the proposed strategies. Ninety undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of three groups - strategy guidance group (learners were provided with guidance in strategies), learner control group (learners were allowed to control the video but without any guidance in strategies), and continuous presentation group (without any learner control mechanism). The results revealed that compared to the learner control group, the strategy guidance group had a greater number of pauses and scrollbacks on the timeline, demonstrated significantly better performance in the immediate comprehension test and higher performance efficiency in the immediate recall and comprehension tests. Compared to the continuous presentation group, the strategy guidance group demonstrated significantly better performance in the immediate recall and comprehension tests and higher performance efficiency in both these tests, as well as better performance in the delayed recall test and higher performance efficiency in the delayed recall test.

AN FPT.AI-BASED TEXT-TO-SPEECH APPLICATION'S END-TO-END CONVERSION SPEED ANALYSIS

In this paper, an FPT.AI-based text-to-speech (TTS) application is developed that converts Vietnamese text into spoken words. the applying is developed supported Django for Python ANd within the style of AN interactive website that is connected to an FPT.AI server through its application programming interface (API). the applying supports conversion of text to seven totally different Vietnamese speeches. Four out of seven voices are often wont to convert up to five hundred characters in an exceedingly single group action whereas the others support that of four hundred characters. supported the results obtained, the primary conversion time takes up to ten s to convert 400-character text into speech whereas the following times, given same text, it takes beneath one.8 s for the conversion. this is often applicable to any or all voices.

SILENCE AS THE RHETORIC OF RESISTANCE IN HEISNAM KANHAILAL’S THEATRE PRACTICE

The theatre practice of Heisnam Kanhailal and his cocreator of performance, Heisnam Sabitri is less of words, speeches and dialogues than found in conventional proscenium theatre. Both Kanhailal and Sabitri believe that theatre has a language of its own and that language is not necessarily a language of verbal communication. In their theatre, action is expressed more through body movements, physical gestures and sounds than through spoken words as they believe that non-verbal silent communication of a theatrical action or feeling is more powerful than the spoken ones. This unusual mode of theatrical narrative has helped Kanhailal to form a rhetoric of resistance against various forms of socio-political injustice that Manipur has historically gone through. The articulation of theatrical communication in his plays occurs happens more through silence, gestures, and sounds than through conventional verbal communications. He was creating in Manipur what his contemporary Pinter was creating in England, much at the same time, much in the same line, much with the same motif although with much difference in their context and artistic execution.