Spodoptera Litura Fabricius Research Articles

New Record of Insect Pests on Seedlings of Eucalyptus

The present paper reports the occurrence of insects damaging Eucalyptus in nursery stage. Out of nine insects recorded, seven species observed as occasional defoliating species, viz. Achaea janata (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), Catapsilia crocale Cramer (Lepidoptera : Pieridae), Dasychira grotei Moore (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae), Eurema hecabe Linnaeus (Lepidoptera : Pieridae), Hyposidra talaca (Walker) (Lepidoptera : Geometridae), Lymantria sobrina Moore (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae), one rare sap-sucking species, Chrysocoris purpureus Westwood (Heteroptera : Pentatomodae) and one gall making species, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & LaSalle (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae). Among the nine species collected, six defoliators and one sap sucker are new addition to the Eucalyptus entomology. Further, H. talaca is the first record of occurrence on Eucalyptus in India. On the basis of percentage infestation/damage caused by above insects, L. invasa, commonly known as blue gum chalcid wasp, was recorded only as a key insect pest in nursery stage of Eucalyptus. The results have been discussed in the light of the present observations.

Chitinolytic activity in Serratia marcescens (strain SEN) and potency against different larval instars of Spodoptera litura with effect of sublethal doses on insect development

Chitinase-producing bacteria were isolated from diseased insect [Pieris brassicae Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] cadavers. Serratia marcescens strain SEN showed highest enzyme production at temperature 27 °C and pH 9.0 and was selected for further studies. It possessed exochitinase, endochitinase and chitobiosidase activities, of which endochitinase was found to be the predominant chitinase. Serratia marcescens strain SEN showed insecticidal activity against all the developmental stages of S. litura larvae. Ingestion of sublethal doses of S. marcescens strain SEN led to a decrease in the larval and pupal weight, percent normal pupation, adult emergence and a significant increase of the larval period. Effect on fecundity and egg hatchability were studied at LC20 and LC50 doses. Fecundity was significantly reduced at both doses tested, while egg hatchability was significantly affected only at the highest dose. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the potential of an entomopathogenic S. marcescens strain against different developmental stages of S. litura. The tested S. marcescens strain SEN showed promise as a biocontrol agent of S. litura.

Comparative relative toxicity of some modern insecticides against Spodoptera litura fabricius on groundnut

Investigation on comparative relative toxicity of some modern insecticides against S. litura revealed that emamectin benzoate was the most toxic and effective insecticide as its LC 50 value was 0.000954. Notably, emamectin benzoate proved very effective in laboratory, as evident from its low LC 50 values against S. litura . As emamectin benzoate is a novel semi-synthetic derivative of the natural product was found to be most toxic. On the other hand, spinosad found to be the least toxic in which the LC 50 value was worked out to the tune of 0.0158.

Effect of Host Plants on Insecticide Susceptibility and Detoxification Enzymes Activity in Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)

Susceptibility to two insecticides (profenophos and cypermethrin) as influenced by host plants viz., cauliflower, soybean and castor in comparison to artificial diet and changes in detoxification enzymes in tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura were studied under laboratory. In comparison to larvae reared on artificial diet, those reared on cauliflower were tolerant to profenophos and cypermethrin by, 1.41 and 6.6 respectively, while the larvae reared on soybean showed 1.32 and 2.00-fold more tolerance to these insecticides. However, the larvae reared on castor were found to be more susceptible to profenophos than those reared on artificial diet. The host plants had a significant influence on levels of detoxification enzymes in S. litura. Elevated levels of carboxylesterase (20.72-fold) and cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase (3.10-fold) were observed in larvae reared on cauliflower as compared to diet fed larvae. Activity of glutathione S-transferase (1.56-fold) was higher in larvae reared on soybean. Enhanced activity of detoxification enzymes in larvae of S. litura reared on different host plants could be correlated with insecticide susceptibility. Positive and significant (p < 0.05) correlation was observed between the detoxification enzyme (CarE and GST) activity in different host fed larvae and LD50 of profenophos (r = 0.77; r = 0.93). Activity of cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase also had positive correlation with LD50 of cypermethin (r = 0.98). The present studies have shown that differential susceptibility of S. litura population could be correlated with the diet/host plants and levels of detoxifications enzymes like carboxylesterases, glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase.

Field Assessment of Resistance QTL to Common Cutworm in Soybean

ABSTRACTThe common cutworm (CCW; Spodoptera litura Fabricius) is a herbivorous insect pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Asia and Oceania. Previous genetic analyses revealed that the CCW‐resistant soybean cultivar Himeshirazu possessed resistance alleles of two quantitative trait loci, CCW‐1 and CCW‐2, for antibiosis and qRslx1 for antixenosis, although CCW‐1 and qRslx1 are likely to be the same locus. Here we assessed the effects of these resistance loci under field conditions using three near‐isogenic lines (NILs) with different combinations of resistant alleles. Larval densities were evaluated in the three NILs and parental cultivars. The NIL with CCW‐1 (qRslx1) had lower larval densities than the susceptible recurrent parent Fukuyutaka on almost all investigation dates, and significant differences were detected multiple times. Conversely, the NIL with CCW‐2 showed no significant differences in larval densities compared with Fukuyutaka. To our knowledge, this is the first report to indicate that CCW‐1 (qRslx1) is effective for CCW resistance under field conditions. Notably, Himeshirazu represented more distinct resistance compared with the three NILs, indicating Himeshirazu may possess resistance gene(s) other than CCW‐1 (qRslx1) and CCW‐2.

Impact of weather on the occurrence pattern of insect pests on groundnut

The study was carried out to know the impact of weather on the occurrence pattern of insect pests of groundnut. The population of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) reached its maximum (30.5 moths/trap) at 40th standard week, whereas Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) peaked at 46th standard week (5.5 moths/trap). Maximum number of leafhoppers (78.5 adults/5 sweeps) and thrips (22.5 adults/5 sweeps) were recorded at the end of 8th and 4th standard weeks, respectively. Both the maximum temperature (°C) and sunshine (h) were found to show direct relationship with the populations of S. litura, H. armigera, leafhopper and thrips during kharif season. Multiple regressions analysis indicated that the population of S. litura and leafhopper with different weather parameters had a significant interaction during kharif whereas; population of leafhopper and thrips had a significant interaction with different weather parameters during summer.

Bio Efficacy and Cry Profile of Native Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates against Cabbage Leaf Webber, Crocidolomia binotalis and Spodoptera litura Fabricius

An investigation was carried out to assess the bio-efficacy and cry profile of hundred native Bacillus thuringiensis isolates against Cabbage Leaf Webber viz., Crocidolomia binotalis and Spodoptera litura at the Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Among the hundred native isolates used, isolates DBT-763, DBT-787, DBT-754 and DBT-2370 reported 86.67 per cent mortality against Crocidolomia binotalis and DBT-772 showed 73.33 per cent mortality against Spodoptera litura . Lepidopteron specific cry genes viz., cry1, cry2, cry8, and cry9 genes amplified in native isolates viz ., DBT-2367, DBT-2366, DBT-2299, DBT-2299, respectively and none of the studied native isolates shown amplification for the cry20 gene.

Insect spontaneous ultraweak photon emission as an indicator of insecticidal compounds

The influence of beta-cypermethrin, a commercial insecticide, and Cicuta virosa L. var. latisecta Celak (Umbelliferae:Cicutal), an insecticidal plant, on the spontaneous ultraweak photon emissions from larvae of Spodoptera litura Fabricius and Zophobas morio Fabricius were studied. The increased percentages of spontaneous photon emission intensities from S. litura treated with 0.1 and 1μg/ml beta-cypermethrin were both lower than those of the control in the 24 post-treatment hours, remarkable difference could also be observed during the same period from Z. morio treated with beta-cypermethrin at 0.156, 0.313 and 0.625μg/ml. The increased percentages of spontaneous photon emission intensities from the two mentioned insects treated with 10,100 and 1000μg/ml petroleum ether fraction of C. virosa L. var. latisecta, which displayed little activity against whole insects, could also be changed noticeably. The present study indicated that change in the intensity of spontaneous ultraweak photon emission from insect could be used as a novel method for screening insecticidal compounds with very low content in plant.

Identification of soybean MYC2-like transcription factors and overexpression of GmMYC1 could stimulate defense mechanism against common cutworm in transgenic tobacco.

MYC2 is a basic helix-loop-helix Leu zipper transcription factor (TF). Here, 22 putative soybean MYC-like TFs were identified bioinformatically. Of these TFs, seven MYC2-like genes without introns were isolated and characterized. All seven GmMYCs displayed transactivation activity in yeast cells. Six genes (excepting GmMYC3) were expressed in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seed wall but not in the developing seeds and up-regulated after insect feeding. The GmMYC1 transgenic tobacco rejected common cutworm (CCW, Spodoptera litura Fabricius) more strongly and lost less leaf area than the control (2.94±2.36 vs 7.84±4.63cm(2)). The average relative growth rate of CCW feeding on transgenic tobacco leaves was lower than on control tobacco leaves (136±60 vs 271±76%). These results indicated that GmMYC could stimulate the defense mechanism against insects in plants.

Effect of nucleopolyhedrovirus infection of Spodoptera litura larvae on host discrimination by Microplitis pallidipes

The behaviour and oviposition of solitary endoparasitoid Microplitis pallidipes Szepligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were monitored to investigate the ability of the parasitoids to distinguish between nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV)-infected and noninfected Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. The results indicated that the parasitoid searching time and the time until the first parasitoid attack on infected larvae were greater than those recorded on noninfected larvae; the number of infected larvae attacked by parasitoids, the percent of first attacks and parasitism rate in infected larvae were lower than those on noninfected larvae; and these differences were all significant 3 to 5 days postexposure of the larvae to a dose of 1.6 × 108 occlusion bodies (OB)· ml−1 and significant 4 and 5 days postexposure of the larvae to a dose of 1.6 × 107 OB·ml−1. The lowest dosage (1.6 × 106 OB·ml−1) had no significant effect on the above index values. In a field cage experiment, we found that the percentage of infected larvae parasitized by M. pallidipes gradually decreased as the time after NPV inoculation (1.6 × 108 OB·ml−1) increased, and that M. pallidipes significantly preferred to oviposit in healthy larvae from day 3 to day 5 after virus inoculation. Our research concluded that this parasitoid's ability to discriminate between healthy and infected hosts increased as virus concentration increased and as the time between exposure of hosts to virus and subsequent exposure to parasitoids increased.

愛知県におけるイラクサギンウワバおよびハスモンヨトウの薬剤感受性の差異

愛知県におけるイラクサギンウワバおよびハスモンヨトウの薬剤感受性の差異

Ecological life table and relative toxicity of insecticides against leaf eating caterpillar,Spodoptera lituraFab. on groundnut

The life table and key mortality factors of Spodoptera litura Fabricius revealed that the mortality in the younger group larvae was 1.56 per cent due to bacterial infection and unknown reasons. Mortality in the older group larvae was 19.8 per cent due to diseases like NPV, N. rileyi, B. bassiana and parasites like Cotesia spp., and Tachinid maggot. Mortality in the pupal and adult stage was 7.98 & 2.15 per cent due to NPV and unknown reasons, respectively. Generation survival (SG) was worked out and it was 0.70. Value of trend index (I) was calculated to the tune of 0.018. Comparative relative toxicity of some modern insecticides against S. litura revealed that Emamectin benzoate was the most toxic and effective insecticide as its LC50 value was 0.000954, however, Spinosad was found to be the least toxic in which the LC50 value was worked out to the tune of 0.0158 in comparision to Chlorpyriphos, Flubendiamide, Rynaxypyr and Novaluron.

Variation in GmAOS1 promoter is associated with soybean defense against insect attack

Soybean (Glycine max L.) displays considerable variation in its resistance to insects. Characterization and application of insect resistance genes in soybean germplasm may be a sustainable and economical approach to soybean production. In this study, we demonstrated that the gene encoding allene oxide synthase (GmAOS1) was associated with soybean defense against the common cutworm (CCW, Spodoptera litura Fabricius) attack through gene expression analysis and association analysis. The expression of GmAOS1 in stems and leaves of resistant accessions was higher than that of susceptible accessions in the undamaged soybean plant. After CCW feeding, the transcript levels of GmAOS1 increased and reached their maximal values sooner in the leaves of resistant accession than they did in susceptible accession. The genomic sequence of GmAOS1 was re-sequenced and aligned in 184 soybean accessions. Forty-three SNPs/Indels were found in its promoter region and only one single nucleotide polymorphism was found in its coding region. Association analysis showed that GmAOS1 promoter polymorphisms were significantly associated with three soybean defense indexes. GmAOS1_19 was the most resistant allele associated with soybean resistance to CCW. Two elements (TATCCAT/C motif and Box II-like sequence) located at genomic regions upstream of GmAOS1_21 were significantly associated with compensatory regrowth of soybean plants. Gene expression analysis indicated that the accessions containing different GmAOS1 promoters and with different CCW resistance grades showed different expression levels of GmAOS1. Our data indicate that variation in GmAOS1 promoter is associated with soybean defense against CCW attack.

Constitution of resistance to common cutworm in terms of antibiosis and antixenosis in soybean RIL populations

Common cutworm (CCW; Spodoptera litura Fabricius) is a major leaf-feeding pest in Asia. The focus of this study was to explore the genetic mechanism for resistance to CCW in terms of antibiosis and antixenosis through mapping QTL (Quantitative trait locus/loci) in soybean using two recombinant inbred line populations. Larva weight (LW) and pupa weight (PW) were evaluated as indicators for antibiosis and damaged leaf percentage as the indicator for antixenosis to CCW. The obvious transgressive segregation indicated a complementary genetic status between the parents. The genetic structure for antibiosis and antixenosis was similar, about 51.1–75.7 % of the phenotypic variation (PV) accounted for by genetic variation, where 42.2–60.3 %, or the majority, was explained by the collective unmapped minor QTL. And, 0–6 additive QTL each explained 0.0–11.8 % in a total of 0.0–27.4 % of PV, and 0–3 epistatic QTL pairs each explained 0.0–7.6 % in a total of 0.0–14.0 % of PV. However, the detected QTL compositions for antibiosis and antixenosis were quite different with only one QTL qCCW10_1 shared by both antibiosis and antixenosis with 8.9–11.8 and 4.7 % contribution to PV, respectively. Within antibiosis between LW and PW, the detected QTL overlapped (r = 0.53–0.78). Among the detected QTL, qCCW6_1, qCCW10_1 and qCCW12_2 were the major contributors to antibiosis, and qCCW10_1, qCCW10_2 and qCCW12_1 the major contributors to antixenosis. Since only some major QTL could be used for marker-assisted breeding, the main concern is how to use the large amount of undetected minor QTL.

Food utilization and growth of cutworm Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae exposed to nickel, and its effect on reproductive potential

Food utilization and growth of the 5th and 6th instar Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae, and its effect on reproduction potential was evaluated by feeding larvae diets with different doses of Ni for 3 generations. Dose-dependent relationships between Ni levels and food consumption and growth were variable with different larval developmental period and Ni exposure duration. RCR, AD and RGR of the 6th instar larvae were much more affected by Ni exposure than those of 5th instar larvae, and the effects were strongest in the 3rd generation. It was found that RCR was significantly stimulated after 1 and 20mgkg−1 Ni exposure, while AD was significantly inhibited after 1, 5, 10 and 40mgkg−1 Ni exposure. However, lower levels of Ni (⩽5mgkg−1) significantly increased and higher levels of Ni (⩾10mgkg−1) significantly decreased RGR. In 3 successive generations, 10mgkg−1 Ni significantly increased the ECI and ECD of the 5th instar larvae, and 5mgkg−1 Ni significantly increased the ECD of the 6th instar larvae. However, ECD were all significantly inhibited with 20mgkg−1 Ni exposure. Results also revealed that durations of larvae were shortened at low levels of Ni, but extended at high levels of Ni. Fecundity was inhibited by the highest Ni doses in each generation, while improved by low Ni doses in the 3rd generation. Hatching rates in all treatments were significantly decreased in a Ni dose-dependent manner. Study indicated that effects of Ni on these parameters were predominant with the increasing Ni exposure period.

Tritrophic interactions among coumarin, the herbivore Spodoptera litura and a gregarious ectoparasitoid Bracon hebetor

The secondary metabolites that play a defensive role in plants not only affect the growth and development of herbivores, but they can also influence their natural enemies. In the present study, the effect of coumarin was evaluated on a braconid parasitoid, Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) using polyphagous pest, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Reproductive potential of the parasitoid declined significantly due to parasitization of host larvae feeding on coumarin supplemented diet. Total development period of B. hebetor extended significantly (2.17–2.38 days) when the host larvae were reared on diet amended with higher concentrations (625–3,125 parts per million) of coumarin as compared to unamended diet. Ingestion of coumarin supplemented diet by S. litura adversely affected the emergence and parasitization potential of B. hebetor. As compared to the control a significant decline in hatching of eggs was recorded when parasitoid wasps developed on host larvae fed on diet containing higher concentrations of coumarin (625–3,125 ppm). Negative effects of coumarin were also recorded from the next generation of the parasitoid.

愛知県におけるケブカノメイガおよびハスモンヨトウの薬剤感受性の差異

東南アジアで野菜の重要害虫であるケブカノメイガがここ数年愛知県でも見られるようになり，25種類の殺虫剤に対する薬剤感受性を卵，３齢幼虫，成虫について調べた。幼虫については20種類の薬剤のLC50 が 10 ppm以下で，高い感受性を示した。特に，エマメクチン，スピネトラムのLC50 はそれぞれ 0.00066 ppm，0.0060 ppmで特異的に高い感受性を示した。また，LC90 と常用濃度を比較したところ，ほとんどの薬剤において常用濃度がLC90 より高かった。 すなわち，これらの薬剤のケブカノメイガに対する高い防除効果を示唆していると思われる。ところが，卵，成虫の薬剤感受性は幼虫より著しく低かった。また，20種の薬剤についてハスモンヨトウの薬剤感受性とを３齢幼虫で比較したところ，ルフェヌロン以外の薬剤に対してケブカノメイガのそれが高かった。これらの結果は，ケブカノメイガはハスモンヨトウに有効な殺虫剤を使用すれば，容易に防除出来ることを示している。

Molecular Cloning, Expression and Molecular Modeling of Chemosensory Protein from Spodoptera litura and Its Binding Properties with Rhodojaponin III

Insects stimulate specific behaviors by the correct recognition of the chemicals in the external environment. Rhodojaponin III is a botanical grayanoid diterpenid oviposition deterrent isolated from Rhododendron molle. In this study we aimed to determine whether the CSPs involved in the recognition of Rhodojaponin III. A full-length cDNA encoding chemosensory protein was isolated from the antennae of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (CSPSlit, GenBank Accession No. DQ007458). The full-length cDNA of NlFoxA is 1789 bp and has an open reading frame (ORF) of 473 bp, encoding a protein of 126 amino acids, Northern blot analysis revealed that CSPSlit mRNA was mainly expressed in the antennae, legs, wings and female abdomens. A three-dimensional model of CSPSlit was constructed using homology modeling method, and its reliability was evaluated. The active site of CSPSlit was calculated using CDOCKER program indicated that the Tyr24, Ile45, Leu49, Thr64, Leu68, Trp79 and Leu82 were responsible ligand-binding active site on identifying Rhodojaponin III in the CSPSlit. The recombinant CSPSlit protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using single-step Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Fluorescence emission spectra revealed that the CSPSlit protein had significant affinity to rhodojaponin III. These results mean that CSPSlit is critical for insects identify the Rhodojaponin III.

Response of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura to zinc stress: Zn accumulation, metallothionein and cell ultrastructure of the midgut

By exposing the common cutworm Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae to a range of Zinc (Zn) stress, we investigated the effects of dietary Zn on Zn accumulation, metallothionein (MT), and on the ultrastructure of the midgut. The techniques we used were inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), real-time PCR combined with cadmium-hemoglobin total saturation, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. There was a significant dose–response relationship between the Zn accumulations in the midgut of the larvae and the Zn concentrations in the diet. Furthermore, both MT content and MT gene expression in the midgut were significantly induced in the 50–500mgZn/kg treatments, and were significantly positively correlated with the Zn accumulations in the midgut. When S. litura larvae were fed with the diet treated with 500mg Zn/kg, Zn accumulation and MT content in the midgut was 4450.85mgZn/kg and 372.77mg/kg, respectively, thereafter there was a little increase; the level of MT gene expression was maximal, thereafter there was a sharp decrease. TEM showed that numerous electron-dense granules (EDGs) and vacuoles appeared in the cytoplasm of the midgut cells, their number and size being closely correlated with the Zn accumulations in the midgut. Moreover, the nuclei were strongly influenced by Zn stress, evidenced by chromatin condensation and irregular nuclear membranes. Therefore, after being exposed to Zn in the threshold (500mgZn/kg) range, S. litura larvae could accumulate Zn in the midgut, which led to the induction of MT and changes in cell ultrastructure (mainly the presence of EDGs). The induction of MT and precipitation of Zn in EDGs may be the effective detoxification mechanisms by which the herbivorous insect S. litura defends itself against heavy metals.

전북지역 시설 채소류 작물별 해충 발생양상 및 종 동정

전북지역에서 재배되는 시설 채소류 5과 20종의 작물을 대상으로 해충 종류 및 발생양상을 조사한 결과 총 22과 39종의 해충이 발생하였다. 명아주과에서는 대만총채벌레 등 7과 10종, 십자화과는 16과 25종, 미나리과는 9과 10종, 백합과는 6과 7종, 국화과는 13과 21종의 해충이 조사되었다. 파밤나방과 담배거세미나방은 5개 과의 채소 모두에서 발생하였고, 대만총채벌레, 온실가루이, 복숭아혹진딧물, 완두굴파리는 백합과(파, 부추)를 제외한 4개과 채소에서 모두 발생하는 것으로 조사되었으며, 반면에 흰띠명나방을 포함한 13종의 해충은 각각 1개과의 채소에서만 발생하였다. 명아주과에서는 복숭아혹진딧물과 흰띠명나방, 파밤나방, 담배거세미나방 4종이 주요해충이었으며, 알락수염노린재, 온실가루이, 완두굴파리, 양배추은무늬밤나방 4종은 미기록해충이었다. 배추과에서는 양배추가루진딧물, 복숭아혹진딧물, 좁은가슴잎벌레, 배추벼룩잎벌레, 배추좀나방, 배추순나방, 담배거세미나방, 배추흰나비, 무잎벌 9종에 의한 피해가 컸고, 대만총채벌레를 포함한 6종은 미기록 해충이었다. 미나리과에서는 해충 발생에 의한 피해는 크지 않았으며, 차응애, 대만총채벌레, 온실가루이, 담배거세미나방, 완두굴파리는 미기록 해충이다. 백합과 주요해충은 파총채벌레, 파좀나방, 파밤나방, 파굴파리 4종이었다. 국화과에서는 담배거세미나방을 제외하고 피해가 큰 해충은 없었다. Twenty-two families and 39 species of insect pests were surveyed on five families and 20 species of greenhouse vegetables in Jeonbuk province. The species of insect pests and the families of plants infested were seven families and 10 species on Chenophodiaceae, 16 families and 25 species on Brassicaceae, nine families and 10 species on Apiaceae, six families seven species on Liliaceae, and 13 families and 29 species on Compositae. Spodoptera exigua H<TEX>$\ddot{u}$</TEX>bner and Spodoptera litura Fabricius occurred on all vegetables. Additionally, Frankliniella intonsa Trybom, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, Myzus persicae Sulzer, and Phytomyza horticola Goureau occurred on all vegetables except Liliaceae(Allium tuberosum Rottl. and Allium fistulosum L.). Thirteen species of insect pests including Hymenia recurvalis Fabricius occurred only one vegetables, indicating that they were monophagous. The main insect pests of Chenophodiaceae were M. persicae, H. recurvalis, S. exigua and S. litura whereas Dolycoris baccarum Linn<TEX>$\acute{e}$</TEX>, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, Trichoplusia ni H<TEX>$\ddot{u}$</TEX>bner, and P. horticola were not recorded. On Brassicaceae were Brevicoyne brassicae Linn<TEX>$\acute{e}$</TEX>, M. persicae, Phaedon brassicae Baly, Phyllotreta striolata Fabricius, Plutella xylostella Linn<TEX>$\acute{e}$</TEX>, Hellula undalis Fabricius, S. litura, Pieris rapae Linn<TEX>$\acute{e}$</TEX>, Artogeia rapae Linn<TEX>$\acute{e}$</TEX>, and Athalia rosae ruficornis Jakovlev, but six species including Frankliniella intonsa Trybom were not recorded. The degree of damage by insect pests on Apiaceae was low, five species including Tetranychus kanzawai kishida, F. intonsa, T. vaporariorum, S. litura, and P. horticola were not recorded. The main insect pests on Liliaceae were Thyatira tabaci Lindeman, Acrolepiopsis sapporensis Matsumura, S. exigua, and Liriomyza chinensis Kato. The damage to Compositae by insect pests was relatively low except that of S. litura.