Splitting Of Lines Research Articles

Investigation of anisotropic π plasmon induced by the intrinsic crystallographic defects in topological crystalline insulator material—tin-substitutional lead selenide (Pb1−xSnxSe)

The presence of intrinsic defects in topological crystalline insulator materials has been predicted to improve the thermoelectric figure-of-merit values in the literature. Performing atomic-resolved high angle annular dark field imaging, momentum-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy, and electron spectroscopic diffraction, we observed those intrinsic defects, including interstitial Se atoms and Se vacancies, to cause localized mirror symmetry breaking and further result in the anisotropic π-plasmon dispersion along the ΓX¯ and ΓM¯ directions in single-crystal Pb1−xSnxSe (x = 0 and 0.34). In addition to the anisotropic π plasmon dispersion, the splitting lines along the ΓX¯ direction were revealed with selected π plasmon energy in the electron spectroscopic diffraction pattern.

A 700 pc Extended Coronal Gas Emission in the Circinus Galaxy

Abstract We report the first characterization of an extended outflow of high ionized gas in the Circinus Galaxy by means of the coronal line (CL) [Fe vii] λ6087. This emission is located within the ionization cone already detected in the [O iii] λ5007 line and is found to extend up to a distance of ∼700 pc from the active galactic nucleus. The gas distribution appears clumpy, with several knots of emission. Its kinematics is complex, with split profiles and line centroids shifted from the systemic velocity. The physical conditions of the gas show that the extended coronal emission is likely the remnant of shells inflated by the passage of a radio jet. This scenario is supported by extended X-ray emission, which is spatially coincident with the morphology and extension of the [Fe vii] λ6087 gas in the NW side of the galaxy. The extension of the coronal gas in the Circinus galaxy is unique among active galaxies and demonstrates the usefulness of CLs for tracing the shock ionization component in these objects.

Evolutionary Status of the Ap Stars HD 110066 and HD 153882

We present the results of our determination of the fundamental atmospheric parameters for the magnetic chemically peculiar Ap stars HD 110066 (AX CVn) and HD 153882 (V451 Her). The determination of the atmospheric parameters ( $$T_{\textrm{eff}}$$ , $$\textrm{log}{g}$$ , $$R/R_{\odot}$$ , and $$L/L_{\odot}$$ ) is based on a self-consistent analysis of high-resolution spectra (ESPaDOnS with $$R=65\,000$$ ) and the observed flux distribution in a wide spectral range. We have derived the radial magnetic field components $$B_{r}=4015\pm 180$$ G for HD 110066 and $$B_{r}=3800\pm 200$$ G for HD 153882 from the observed line splitting and magnetic differential broadening. We have analyzed the chemical composition and the vertical distribution (stratification) of Fe and Cr in atmospheric depth, because the lines of these elements make the greatest contribution to the absorption and stratification affects the distribution of the outgoing flux. We have constructed model atmospheres and determined the evolutionary status of these stars by taking into account the anomalous chemical composition and stratification. The positions of HD 110066 and HD 153882 on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram confirm the observed decrease in the magnetic field strength with stellar age for stars with masses greater than 2.5 $$M_{\odot}$$ .

Structure, Dynamics, and Accurate Laboratory Rotational Frequencies of the Acrylonitrile-Methanol Complex.

The hydrogen-bonded complex between acrylonitrile (CH2=CHCN) and methanol has been characterized spectroscopically in the millimeter wave range (59.6–74.4 GHz) using a free jet absorption millimeter wave spectrometer. Precise values of the rotational and centrifugal distortion constants were obtained from the measured frequencies of the complex of acrylonitrile with CH3OH and CD3OD. The analysis of the splittings of the rotational lines due to the hindered internal rotation of the methanol methyl group led to the determination of a V3 value of 221.9(7) and 218(5) cm–1 for the complexes of CH3OH and CD3OD, respectively, and these values are about 40% lower than that of free methanol. The structure of the observed conformation is in agreement with the global minimum determined at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of calculation, and the counterpoise corrected intermolecular binding energy, obtained at the same theoretical level, is De = 26.3 kJ mol–1.

Mechanism of the active divertor flux control by the supersonic-molecular-beam-injection with lower hybrid wave-induced magnetic perturbations on the EAST tokamak

The redistribution of the divertor flux caused by the synergy of the supersonic-molecular-beam-injection (SMBI) and the magnetic perturbations induced by lower hybrid waves (LHWs), has been observed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) (Li et al 2013 Nature Phys. 9 817). To reveal the physical mechanism, simulations with good agreements to the experimental findings are first performed by utilizing a self-consistent fluid 3D edge plasma Monte-Carlo code coupled to a kinetic neutral particle transport code. The ions and electrons originating from the ionization of injected neutral particles in the plasma edge flow along the magnetic flux tube towards to the divertor, thus directly increasing the divertor flux on the split strike lines in the footprint. Combining this with the multi-lobe structure of the edge magnetic topology, actively controlling the divertor flux can be realized by adjusting the SMBI position or the phase of the magnetic perturbations.

Analysis of Splitting and Martensitic Transformation of AlNi Intermetallic Obtained by Transient Liquid Phase Bonding

This study investigates the characteristics of the AlNi intermetallic formed in a Ni/Al/Ni couple obtained by the Transient Liquid Phase Bonding (TLPB) process. The crystal structure and orientation of the AlNi intermetallic phase were evaluated through SEM-EDS EBSD and its mechanical properties were analyzed by means of instrumented hardness. The results showed that AlNi intermetallic splits into two layers, with different Al content and the same crystal structure and orientation. EBSD mapping revealed that there is no grain boundary along the split line, suggesting that a chemical partition takes place without the need of nucleation, like in a spinodal decomposition. A martensitic layer formed at the Ni-rich AlNi split side was identified by indexing the measured Kikuchi patterns. Instrumented hardness showed that the mechanical properties of AlNi phase change markedly depending on its chemical composition. These results provide experimental data that contribute to the understanding of the solid-state transformations occurring in the central portion of the Al-Ni phase diagram under isothermal conditions.

The electronic thickness of graphene.

When two dimensional crystals are atomically close, their finite thickness becomes relevant. Using transport measurements, we investigate the electrostatics of two graphene layers, twisted by θ = 22° such that the layers are decoupled by the huge momentum mismatch between the K and K' points of the two layers. We observe a splitting of the zero-density lines of the two layers with increasing interlayer energy difference. This splitting is given by the ratio of single-layer quantum capacitance over interlayer capacitance C m and is therefore suited to extract C m. We explain the large observed value of C m by considering the finite dielectric thickness d g of each graphene layer and determine d g ≈ 2.6 Å. In a second experiment, we map out the entire density range with a Fabry-Pérot resonator. We can precisely measure the Fermi wavelength λ in each layer, showing that the layers are decoupled. Our findings are reproduced using tight-binding calculations.

Inhomogeneous broadening and splitting of lines in spectra of YAG : Tm

The shape and fine structure of lines due to Tm3+ f −f electronic transitions in multifunctional Y3Al5O12 garnet crystals have been studied by high-resolution spectroscopy. The observed inhomogeneously broadened lines have a Lorentzian shape, suggesting that point defects make a predominant contribution to the inhomogeneous broadening. Moreover, YAl antisite defects, which are formed during high-temperature melt growth, produce spectral satellites near the main lines.

Correlation between exciton polarized lifetime and fine structure splitting in InAs/GaAs quantum dots

Semiconductor self-assembled single quantum dots (QDs) provide a promising solid-state light source for single photons and entangled photons. The structural asymmetry in QDs results in fine structure splitting (FSS) of exciton and biexciton emission lines. Here, we propose a method to study QD symmetry by measuring the difference in two different polarized lifetimes of QD excitonic emission lines under applied stress. The method can be reasonably correlated with the direct FSS measurement. Actually, due to the limitation of the resolution of the spectrometer, the zero value of FSS is difficult to measure. Instead, the lifetime measurement is an effective method to judge the symmetry condition of single QDs.

Location of the split line of the deep temporal fascia when reducing a zygomatic arch fracture

The deep temporal fascia (DTF) is known to separate into two layers that descend to attach to the zygomatic arch. When surgeons reduce an isolated fracture of the zygomatic arch through a temporal approach, the temporal incision site needs to be superior to the split line of the DTF. Sixty-seven hemifacial cadavers were investigated after removing the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and superficial temporal fascia. The superficial layer of the DTF was exposed. We cut the superficial layer along the line along, which it adhered to the deep layer inseparably. The heights of the split line of the DTF from the superior border of the zygomatic arch and from the top of the helix were measured at three points: at the jugale, zygion, and 3 cm from the tragus. In all cases there were thick identifiable deep layers of the DTF. The mean heights of the split line of the DTF from the superior border of the zygomatic arch were 49.8, 46.7, and 42.6 mm at the jugale, zygion, and 3 cm from the tragus, respectively; the corresponding mean heights of the split line from the top of the helix were 19.1, 15.6, and 11.4 mm. Knowledge of the mean height of the split line of the DTF will be helpful for surgeons to determine the temporal incision site for ensuring the safe reduction of a zygomatic arch fracture.

Optical isolation of spectral lines emitted by sputtered tungsten in a weakly magnetized plasma

Optical isolation of the clockwise or the counter-clockwise circular polarization of spectral lines was applied to emission of sputtered tungsten atoms. As a result one measures the weak magnetic field at plasma-surface interface resulting in splitting of spectral lines (W I at 4008.751 Å and 4982.593 Å) being negligibly small with respect to the Doppler broadening. One relies only on the phase rotation of a reflected circular polarized light propagating at the normal incidence to the mirror-like surface. The spectral shift of the signal from sputtered W atoms on the detector using high-resolution spectrometer provides the value of the magnetic field at a known dispersion, i.e. no further modeling or additional assumption on the distribution of atoms is required. The isolation of spectral line components is equivalent to isolation of the effect of the magnetic field from the measured line shape. It is complete for Zeeman triplet lines and partial for other lines. The results are found to be in a very good agreement of 3% with calculations and the Zeeman resolved laser absorption spectroscopy (10%) on metastable levels of Ar I atoms.

Observation of spin-orbit-dependent electron scattering using long-range Rydberg molecules

We present experimental evidence for spin-orbit interaction of an electron as it scatters from a neutral atom. The scattering process takes place within a Rb$_2$ ultralong-range Rydberg molecule, consisting of a Rydberg atomic core, a Rydberg electron, and a ground state atom. The spin-orbit interaction leads to characteristic level splittings of vibrational molecular lines which we directly observe via photoassociation spectroscopy. We benefit from the fact that molecular states dominated by resonant $p$-wave interaction are particularly sensitive to the spin-orbit interaction. Our work paves the way for studying novel spin dynamics in ultralong-range Rydberg molecules. Furthermore, it shows that the molecular setup can serve as a microlaboratory to perform precise scattering experiments in the low-energy regime of a few meV.

Recognising meibomian gland inversion in patients with facial palsy to improve the ocular surface

ABSTRACT Background: Facial nerve palsy (FNP) is known to worsen Meibomian gland dysfunction on the affected side. Chronic Meibomian gland dysfunction leads to a variant of upper eyelid marginal entropion associated with excessive tarsal curling, termed Meibomian gland inversion (MGI). Surgical correction with grey line split, tarsoplasty and anterior lamellar repositioning (GLS surgery) appears to further improve the ocular surface in these patients who have previously undergone upper eyelid loading. Methods: Retrospective, 3 year, non-comparative, single-centre study of patients with FNP identified as having MGI and treated by GLS surgery under the supervision of a single surgeon. We present specific examination findings and a useful test (cotton tip test) to determine suitability for GLS surgery. We assessed changes in symptoms and CADS (Cornea, static Asymmetry, Dynamic function and Synkinesis) score, along with cosmetic grading of lash loss and contour and report complications. Results: 23 patients with acquired FNP underwent GLS surgery for MGI with or without lash ptosis. 17 out of the 23 patients (74%) demonstrated an improvement in their CADS score after GLS surgery. Seven patients had insufficient records with scores missing and no conclusion could be reached for this group. Improvement of corneal staining, static and dynamic symmetry were all statistically significant. No patient worsened. The cosmetic outcome including lashes, lid contour and lid margin appearance is acceptable. Whilst it is possible to achieve minimal difference between the operated and unoperated eyelids, many patients will have a small difference. Conclusion: We report outcomes of MGI treatment and useful diagnostic features.

Geometrical Variation Mode Effect Analysis (GVMEA) for Split Lines

The visual quality is a large contributor to the over-all quality impression of a product. For a complex, assembled product the visual quality is often judged by the geometrical quality in its split lines, where parallel split lines with small gaps and no flush usually are the desirable outcome. The gap, flush and parallelism in the split lines are affected by the variation on part level, variation in the joining process and the design concept itself. The visual sensitivity of a split line is also important in this context, e.g. if a split line is hidden, its visual quality is not important. In this paper, the ideas from traditional failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) are adapted to a geometry assurance context, where the visual impression of split lines is in focus. The visual sensitivity, as well as the probability of non-nominal outcomes, are included in the analysis. The probabilities of non-nominal outcomes are calculated using advanced non-rigid variation simulation based on Monte Carlo simulation combined with finite element analysis. In this way, all forces and bending due to joining and non-nominal geometries can be included. The goal of the suggested geometrical variation mode effect analysis (GVMEA) is to rank the split lines from the most critical one to the least critical one for the visual quality of a product. This is done by calculating a risk priority number for each split line. In this way, the split lines with the highest risk to impair the visual quality of a product can be identified and hopefully fixed. The method is demonstrated on a ready-to-assemble chest, i.e. on an example from the furniture industry.

Configuração espacial, Copa do Mundo 2014 e valorização imobiliária no bairro de Lagoa Nova (Natal / Brasil)

Grandes obras urbanas de megaeventos são referidos pela literatura como a expressão do processo de acumulação capitalista e da destruição criativa de setores das cidades. As mais-valias geradas pelas transformações espaciais dessas obras são capazes de adicionar valores imobiliários ao ambiente construído. O espaço, portanto, revela-se como variável dependente e independente de interesses econômicos, possuindo ou assumindo, em suas propriedades configuracionais, potenciais de lucros. Dentre essas propriedades, destaca-se a acessibilidade espacial que consiste na facilitação do movimento gerado essencialmente pela configuração espacial com seu conjunto de barreiras e permeabilidades. Em algumas situações as obras são implantadas em áreas de acessibilidade elevada, se apresentando como coadjuvantes do processo de valorização. Em outras, são capazes de assumir um protagonismo compartilhado com o espaço nesse processo, uma vez que são associadas à novas conexões. No bairro de Lagoa Nova, em Natal/Brasil, a implantação da Arena das Dunas, por ocasião da Copa do Mundo de 2014, ao mesmo tempo que alterou a paisagem local, articulou-se a uma tendência de gradual valorização imobiliária nos últimos 20 anos, coincidente com a transformação da localidade em um novo centro ativo. Diante disto, busca-se perceber, através da Análise Sintática do Espaço, relações entre acessibilidade topológica gerada pela própria configuração espacial, obras urbanas de grande impacto e a valorização imobiliária em Lagoa Nova, aplicando medidas quantitativas de integração – potencial de centralidade - e choice (escolha) –potencial de atravessamento - a partir de representações lineares de segmentos (linhas fracionadas nas interseções com outras linhas que cobrem o traçado urbano). Objetiva-se detectar ainda se valores mais elevados de imóveis estão melhor relacionados à consolidação de um núcleo de elevada integração e atravessamento, o que se apresentaria como vantagem locacional dentro de uma lógica de implantação estratégica da arena. Foram coletados valores de apartamentos residenciais em escrituras de compra e venda cartoriais - correspondentes a um intervalo de cinco anos (2012 a 2016) – categorizados segundo número de dormitórios (de 1 a 4). Realizou-se a análise à luz do cruzamento entre a localização desses valores e medidas de integração e choice em uma base mapeável georreferenciada.

A Web and Mobile GIS for Identifying Areas within the Radius Affected by Natural Disasters Based on OpenStreetMap Data

In many countries where natural disasters often occur, such as Indonesia, information about the area affected by the disaster is very important. As in the transportation sector, road users must avoid affected areas and roads. To overcome this problem, in this paper we propose a Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify areas affected by natural disasters within a certain radius. We use a web-based and mobile platform to present an open access system. In addition, we utilize OpenStreetMap map data as a source of spatial database that is open, wide-scale, and complete. In the initial stage, polygon-shaped road data will be split in-to shorter line segments and stored in PostGIS Spatial DBMS. Furthermore, this system will automatically detect road segments that included within the radius of a natural disaster event. Displays of road segments affected by disasters will be accessible to users through web and mobile applications. In addition, we also test and evaluate our system in case studies in certain areas in Indonesia.

A structure-aware splitting framework for separating cell clumps in biomedical images

Splitting clumps of convex objects has many practical applications in biomedical and industrial fields. In this paper, a novel framework is proposed for splitting overlapping or touching cells in biomedical images. The method mainly contains two parts: candidate splitting points extraction and structure-aware splitting. In candidate splitting points extraction, we extract concave points and centroids from the input image to characterize the contained cell clumps. Next, in structure-aware splitting, we first use the extracted candidate splitting points to identify the clump structure and then construct the split line by using the corresponding splitting strategy. To further improve the robustness of our splitting results, we propose a post-processing method and add it in our splitting framework. Experiments on three datasets from the Broad Bioimage Benchmark Collection are conducted. The obtained experimental results demonstrate the superior capacity of the proposed approach.

Polarized reflectance from articular cartilage depends upon superficial zone collagen network microstructure.

Polarized reflectance from articular cartilage involves light scattering dependent on surface features, sub-surface optical properties, and collagen birefringence. To understand how surface roughness, zonal collagen microstructure, and chondrocyte organization contribute to polarized reflectance signals, experiments were conducted on bovine cartilage explants and osteochondral cores to compare polarized reflectance texture with split lines and relate these signals to cartilage zonal features and chondrocyte distribution. Texture parameter sensitivity to articular surface damage was determined from polarized reflectance maps and optimized to detect surface damage. Results indicate that polarized reflectance texture predominantly derives from the superficial zone collagen network, while the parameter average value also depends on surface roughness and total cartilage thickness.

Investigation of parameters of low-temperature gas discharge plasma with liquid electrodes upon receipt of metal powder

Selective laser melting technologies are widely used in various industries and medicine. A gradual increase in the volume of manufactured products requires the creation of new cheap methods for producing metal powders. One of the new methods for producing powders is the plasma-electrolyte method. A feature of this method is the use of gas with liquid electrodes, which allows you to get a metal powder and quickly cool it in a liquid. The question of the influence of discharge parameters on the process of metal atomization remains open. The paper studies gas discharges with liquid electrodes under the conditions of atomization of a metal anode. A gas discharge between a liquid electrolyte and a metal electrode was studied experimentally in the voltage range 300 - 1000 V. Solutions of sodium chloride in distilled water were used as the electrolyte. The conditions are established under which a stable discharge column is formed and metal powder is sprayed. The regularities of the change in the CVC of the discharge depending on the interelectrode distance are determined. A splitting of the spectral lines of the yellow sodium doublet was found in the emission spectrum of a gas discharge.

A latently quantized force of atomic unification

Given the availability of a force of atomic unification, a sharp interconnection between an antineutrino and a neutron must constitute an antineutrino hydrogen atom. This is one of two atoms that are of crucial value for constructing all of the remaining ones. We discuss a theory in which atomic orbit quantization around a nucleus is carried out with a flavor type dependence. Such an orbit quantized sequence principle leads to the splitting of the spectral lines of atoms in an external field, confirming the availability of a family structure in them. Thereby, it predicts the existence in nature of 63 189 isotope forms of 118 types of atomic systems. We derive the united equations that relate the masses in an atom to the radii of boson, lepton, and antineutrino orbits including the speeds, energies, and revolution periods of their particles. The estimates thus found express, for each of the five forms of uranium and the two types of hydrogen, the idea of an intraatomic force quantized by leptonic families. They unite all of connections necessary for the steadiness and completeness of an atom in a unified whole as a role of gravity in atomic construction. Therefore, a change in both the lifetime and radius of any of the structural particles within an atom originates from the orbit type dependence.