Split Subject Research Articles

An artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiogram model outperforms the revised cardiac risk index score for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery

Abstract Background Existing clinical preoperative risk assessment tools such as the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) have been used extensively to predict perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis using Deep Learning can identify hidden features that human eyes cannot identify and might help further risk stratify patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Objective We aimed to develop a Deep Learning model that predicts perioperative MACE in patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgeries. Methods We included patients ≥ 18-year-old who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery between 2000-2021. MACE was validated in duplicate and were defined as a composite of in-hospital myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest or mortality. A convolutional neural network was developed using ECGs within 30 days before surgery. We randomly split subjects into training, internal validation, and testing datasets in a 7:1:2 ratio. Performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) values on the testing dataset. Models trained included AI-ECG models to predict in-hospital MACE and to predict in-hospital mortality, and AI-ECG+RCRI models to predict in-hospital MACE and to predict in-hospital mortality. All models were validated using 30-day validated outcomes (MACE or all-cause mortality) in a community-based cohort and were compared with the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) score using AUC values. Findings: We included 195,214 patients who underwent a total of 241,999 surgeries. 169,214 ECGs were used in the training dataset, 24,234 in the internal validation dataset, and 48,551 in the testing dataset. In the test cohort, the AI-ECG algorithm discriminated risk for in-hospital MACE with an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.79-0.85). The algorithm similarly discriminated 30-day MACE with an AUC value of 0.79 (95% CI 0.77-0.81) surpassing the discrimination of the RCRI score AUC of 0.69 (95% CI 0.66-0.72). All models’ performances are shown in Figure1A. The AI-ECG model to predict in-hospital mortality had an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.80-0.86) and predicted 30-day mortality with an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.77-0.82). Other models’ performances are shown Figure1B. Training the AI-ECG models including RCRI data did not improve the AI-ECG models’ performance. Conclusion AI-ECG models with no additional clinical data can improve perioperative risk prediction in non-cardiac surgery, outperforming a conventional and widely used risk stratification tool such as the RCRI.

Living the City: On Samuel R. Delany’s Times Square Red, Times Square Blue

Abstract: This essay attempts to read Samuel R. Delany’s Times Square Red, Times Square Blue as not just a recollection of exception to “development” projects in New York City but as a trenchant way to queer the city as an urban ontology. Delany challenges normative assumptions about how and where sexuality, gender, and race should be visible in urban space, by offering instead a cognitive map of “living the city” as a Black gay man. Delany also takes on what is otherwise unbearable in experiencing New York City over a quarter century, by addressing sexuality and the city as a formal experiment. The two parts of his project do not complement each other in any easy fashion; indeed, the pressure to split subjectivity in their juxtaposition forms a productive tension in how we might understand queering urban space as countercritique. In Delany’s work, living the city is not an escape from the unbearable contradictions of New York but is a way to think desire as both confrontation and as spacemaking. This is an architecture if not architectonic of what has not been in Times Square redesign.

ОКО КАМЕРИ: ФОТОГРАФІЧНИЙ ПОГЛЯД І ПИТАННЯ ВІЗУАЛЬНОГО НАСИЛЬСТВА

Background. This article examines the structure and forms of functioning of photography as a visual practice. In particular, a comparative analysis is conducted with the specifics of the organization and transformation of the practice of gaze in the logic of firearms. Methods. In this context, the author examines the syntagmatic relations of lexical units that give rise to subsequent practices and common metaphorical connections. A special place is occupied by the differentiation of lexical units of the metaphor of death in the context of the functioning of the practice and discourse of photography. In the article, the units of textual and linguistic analysis in the context of semiotics and tropology of visual culture are singled out in the methodological perspective. The purpose of the article is to analyze the logic of the correlation between the poetics and ethics of the visual practice of photography, in particular, to clarify the grounds for responsibility and legitimization of the photographer's view. Results. As a result, the foundations of the anthropological model of the "split subject" formed by the visual practice of photography are substantiated not only in the context of the opposition between the photographer and the photographed as inoforms of subject-object opposition, but also the degree of violence of photography as a cultural product, the consumption of which shapes the dynamics of the consumer's gaze and the basis for communication of the community as a consumer audience in this regard. Conclusions. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that the improvement of photographic equipment technology expands the social circle of its consumers and, accordingly, the forms of their communication. The geometric growth of photography practices transforms the forms of social control, in particular, it technologies the practice of panopticism. The social pressure of the stranger's gaze generates "the inevitability of the modality of what is seen" (D. Joyce) and the permanence of the presence of the Other.

Incarcerated Body and Political Self in Tek Nath Rijal’s Torture Killing Me Softly: Bhutan Through the Eyes of Mind Control Victim

Tek Nath Rijal’s prison narrative Torture Killing Me Softly: Bhutan Through the Eyes of Mind Control Victim narrates the story of a Bhutanese captive in one’s own state. The prison narrative describes the holocaust-type imprisoned life and state tortured politically willed refugee. The captive accuses the state for secretly monitoring, and manipulating his state of mind through some highly sophisticated, lethal and anti-human ultra-modern “Mind Control Machine” (specific title is unavailable in the narratives). Adds on, the captive is seen to be fighting with his state-owned body’s involuntary actions through his own body’s voluntary conscience. The fight between voluntarily and involuntarily controlled self becomes so confusing that it brings readers doubt his objective narration. As the sociologist Anthony Giddens concerns that in the time of high modernity individuals reflect on their self-body to define the reliable sense of identity and sane-self, the captive’s narration attempts to justify the his sanity and ‘politically correct self’. The captive’s allegation on the machine-technology for reconstructing his body restrains him into a controlled and split subject.

Understanding the Escalation статьи in U.S.-Russian Relations during the D. Trump Era: Unpacking the “Split Subject” Phenomenon

Donald Trump’s victory in the 2016 presidential election intensifi ed the divide within American society and the political climate in Washington, causing a signifi cant impact on the relationship between Moscow and Washington. Despite the US political system overcoming the challenges faced during Trump’s presidency, there was also a surge in tensions between the US and Russia. The deterioration of bilateral relations can be attributed to the dysfunctional interagency communication channels and the tightening of sanctions through the CAATSA law. Moscow ultimately shifted its stance from aspiring to normalization to recognizing the likelihood of military-political confrontation. This article presents a hypothesis that comprehensively explains the factors contributing to this shift. The hypothesis underscores the lack of coherence among American political leaders, as four unique interest groups – President Trump, Republican hawks, oppositional bureaucrats, and Democratic Congress members – all contribute to shaping US policy toward Russia. Each group advances its specifi c objectives, sometimes joining forces to bypass the president’s policies. Consequently, a “split subject” phenomenon emerges in US-Russian aff airs. The author concludes that the lack of constructive dialogue with Washington during Trump’s presidency was due to the “split subject.” The victory of J. Biden in the 2020 elections and the alignment of American bipartisan elites amid the Russian-Ukrainian confl ict temporarily shifted this phenomenon to the background. Nevertheless, the author raises the question of whether this “cleavage” might reemerge if Trump or his close associates win the 2024 US presidential election.

Problem‐Posing Dialectic Revisited: Freire Between Critical Philosophy and Psychoanalysis

AbstractExamining the still underexplored elements in educational theorist Paulo Freire's work, this essay begins from his claim that problem‐posing pedagogy works as a “kind of psychoanalysis.” Situating Freire between the critical philosophical and psychoanalytic traditions, Alex Armonda offers a new reading of the problem‐posing dialectic, mapping parallels between Freirean pedagogy and psychoanalysis on the nature of the subject/object relation, while thinking new connections across the philosophical‐analytical divide on questions of being, subjectivity, and politics. First, he discusses the onto‐epistemic specificity of “the human” in Freire and situates it in relation to the split subject of the unconscious in Lacanian psychoanalysis. Second, he presents the subject/object encounter in Freire, demonstrating that a similar notion of the unconscious informs Freire's account and plays a central role in his understanding of the banking and problem‐posing pedagogical experiences. Advancing a Lacanian reading of the problem‐posing encounter, Armonda concludes by reflecting on key differences between the dialectical‐materialist and psychoanalytical interpretations of Freire, and how the latter opens new perspectives on “reality” as an inconsistent space of contest, generating alternative ways of conceiving political subjectivity and the possibility of radical social transformation in the present.

"I Look Straight into His Eyes … For the Last Time": Intimacy and Indifference in Jean Rhys's Good Morning, Midnight

Abstract: There are many unsettling encounters within Jean Rhys's novels, but perhaps the most difficult for readers is Sasha Jansen's final intimate act in Good Morning, Midnight . The novel depicts Sasha's lost subjectivity through moments of sexual intimacy, ultimately demonstrating how she cultivates a sense of indifference to prescriptive femininity by rebelling against the stratified anxiousness that has haunted her position as a precarious woman in society. The final scene between Sasha and her neighbour, the "commis voyager," is often read as a dark mimicking of James Joyce's Molly Bloom in Ulysses , with Sasha's intimate affirmation of "yes—yes—yes …" as a mode of self-annihilation. Missing from these readings is a consideration of Sasha's encounter with herself, as she stares "straight into [the commis's] eyes" to see a vision of herself reflected there, one that recuperates her split subjectivity and solidifies her indifference to normative rhythms of life.

"I Look Straight into His Eyes … For the Last Time": Intimacy and Indifference in Jean Rhys's Good Morning, Midnight

Abstract: There are many unsettling encounters within Jean Rhys's novels, but perhaps the most difficult for readers is Sasha Jansen's final intimate act in Good Morning, Midnight . The novel depicts Sasha's lost subjectivity through moments of sexual intimacy, ultimately demonstrating how she cultivates a sense of indifference to prescriptive femininity by rebelling against the stratified anxiousness that has haunted her position as a precarious woman in society. The final scene between Sasha and her neighbour, the "commis voyager," is often read as a dark mimicking of James Joyce's Molly Bloom in Ulysses , with Sasha's intimate affirmation of "yes—yes—yes …" as a mode of self-annihilation. Missing from these readings is a consideration of Sasha's encounter with herself, as she stares "straight into [the commis's] eyes" to see a vision of herself reflected there, one that recuperates her split subjectivity and solidifies her indifference to normative rhythms of life.

The Lacanian split subject and its reflection in Marlene Dumas’s portrait paintings

The Lacanian split subject and its reflection in Marlene Dumas’s portrait paintings

Lacan and the Algorithm

Exploring the development of algorithms in Lacanian theory, specifically the "R schema" in the 1950s, I argue that psychoanalysis, read through contemporary debates about the "algorithmic cult" of Netflix and other avatars of popular culture, can be said to reveal the inhuman, machinic essence of subjectivity. The etiology of algorithms, mathemes, and other formulae and diagrams in Lacan’s oeuvre has been under-studied, in part because for some readers they are not as attractive as his more bravura flourishes of word play as exegetical excess, and in part because they derive largely from the ‘hard’ structuralist moment of his work in the 1950s, largely eclipsed in Lacan studies by interests in the ‘Late Lacan’ period of the Sinthome, the knots, jouissance and the semblant. Here I extend (and refine) arguments I began in Does the Internet Have An Unconscious, determining that algorithms in Lacanian theory help us understand the split subjectivity of internet discourse.

Musings of a Split Subject: A review of Brahma Prakash, Body on the Barricades: Life, Art and Resistance in Contemporary India

Musings of a Split Subject: A review of Brahma Prakash, Body on the Barricades: Life, Art and Resistance in Contemporary India

Unrootedness: a New Surface in the Lacanian Black Split Subject

How is the split black subject symbolized? The article attempts this question with its Lacanian-styled gap-filling (or -opening) method, using two clues — one from The Big Bang Theory sitcom, and the other from Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. The split subject comes before the imaginary, the mirror stage, which begins with the child’s experience of the Parental Other. Colonization and civil rights then become a later stage in the growth process of the black race, where the white acted as a Parental or Significant Other. Amy Farrell Fowler and Sheldon Cooper from CBS’ The Big Bang Theory (Season 6, Episode 21, first aired on April 25, 2013) both symbolically portray the colonial condition of Africa. After several failed attempts to attain gratification from his Significant Other, Cooper’s revolutionary attention to his “split subject’s needs” without Amy offers a new lens to theorize colonization as a “halfway error” to be corrected and transcended to reach where Okonkwo, in Things Fall Apart, fails. The unrootedness of being black would then polish the new surface to which the entire black race globally can behold and do something not done before.

Charismatic Pneumatology as Ecumenical Opportunity: Orthopraxy, Subjectivity, and Relational Ontologies of the Holy Spirit

The majority of new Christian communities have been appearing in Charismatic and Pentecostal movements, especially in the Global South. Along with these shifts emerge new possibilities to better understand the diversity of Christian perspectives and to rethink what it means to be “in relation” to a global Christian community. After opening connections between pneumatology and relational ontology, this article engages the work of three emerging Pentecostal/Charismatic thinkers in particular, whose pneumatologies provide novel opportunities to think more carefully about “relationality” and ecumenical unity: Nimi Wariboko, Amos Yong, and Clark Pinnock. Wariboko’s pneumatology helps us acknowledge the very kind of relational ontology God has with Godself, as a split subject, thereby disrupting not only our all-too-human meaning-making process, but also the way God signifies the world for us. Yong’s pneumatology emphasizes human practice or an “orthopraxy” that is polyphonous, historically rooted, and oriented around spiritual gifts not only for sanctification but also for worldwide witness. Finally, Pinnock emphasizes the connections between creativity and relationality, pointing to how at-one-ment is also the telic work of the Spirit.

Counselling the “split subject”: a psychodynamic analysis of career dissatisfaction

ABSTRACT The objective of our research is to analyse career dissatisfaction through the psychoanalytical lens of Jacques Lacan. Taking a multiple-case study approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven male, senior managers working in the highly competitive technology industry. We found that respondents are defining satisfaction against a socially constructed career system that obliterates the concept of an agentic self. By grounding our qualitative investigation in the research fields of career and career dissatisfaction in the under-researched realm of Lacanian theory, we extend career theory to include a psychodynamic lens. We also contribute to practice by providing an alternative approach to career counselling that encourages the client to co-construct a sense of liberation and empowerment.

Диалог «Language School» и метареализма: поэмы Sun Майкла Палмера и «Нефть» Алексея Парщикова

In this article the author analyzes the interaction and mutual influence of such ways of speaking, which we call Language Writing and metarealism, which he reveals on the example of the poems Sun (1987) by Michael Palmer and Oil (1999) by Aleksei Parshchikov. Palmer's poem is a decentralized statement in which syntactic interruptions, complex symbolism, and an abundance of references create an embodied heteroglossia. The catastrophe of the meaning and the assembly of voices here are somehow structured by the central symbol — the Sun — from the headline of The Sun newspaper of July 22, 1986 (“A headless man walks, lives / for four hours”) to the artificial light of consumption centers. And the semantics of dying, references to Baudelaire in the poem, as well as Palmer's separate “Baudelaire Series” somehow admit that one of the many overtones of Sun poem is “The Voyage”, the final text of Fleurs du mal. Marjorie Perloff points out the difference between the approaches of Palmer and Parshchikov in the article “Russian Postmodernism: An Oxymoron?”, where, comparing their texts, she writes that the approach of the second is closer to Arthur Rimbaud, not the split subject Language Poetry. However, the similarity and differences between the approaches of Palmer and Parshchikov are similar to the similarity and differences between Charles Baudelaire and Arthur Rimbaud, when both use the mythopoetics of swimming as death, but incomplete, or rather incompleting. But if the first include it in the context of criticism of commodity fetishism and the subversive power of allegory (according to Benjamin), then the second in the context of “clairvoyance” and observation of the “black and cold” waters of capitalistic Europe. So the poem Oil by Parshchikov is close to the poem Sun by Palmer both in the depiction of the world in a frozen catastrophe, in the collapse of the language, and in the political dimension. And as in the poem Sun through heteroglossia, the symbolism of the crisis meaning, a permanent apocalypse Palmer creates political criticism of the symbolic order of the consumption society, including intellectual commodity fetishism, as in the poem Oil with a multilayered image of raw materials, including as an ideological concept, Parshchikov opens up new ways for analytical political poetry.

HAPPINESS AS A DOUBLE GESTURE OF A TRIGGER: BREAKING AND CONCEPTING

The background of the study is an existential psychological analysis of the phenomenon of happiness as a state of radical break with the dominant signifiers of symbolic hegemony and, at the same time, voluntary value filling of the formed vacuum in the symbolic structure of a split subject with new meanings corresponding to his self. Research methods: structural psychoanalysis, poststructuralism, semiotics of culture, hermeneutics, philosophical comparative studies, deconstruction and universal ethics, theological methods of correlation between secular and religious models of thinking. Research results: comparison of the positive ontology of happiness in the Eastern Slavic Christian classical thought and the negative ontology of happiness in the Western post-Lacanian postmodernity; the implementation of the synthesis of images of happiness in the ways of thought of the postmodern West and the modern East on the basis of the dialogue of universalism and particularism, traditionalism and neo-modernism, personalism and collectivism. Conclusions: confirmation of the hypothesis of the double nature of happiness as a unity of metaphysical rupture and dialectical synthesis, manifested through the chronotopes of secular and religious cultures, traditions and innovations.

The Emergence of Violence and the Terror of Being Born in Murakami’s Coin Locker Babies

Modern poetics imposed the image of Nietzsche’s split Subject, with the disaggregated self-emerging as dilemmatic subjectivity and its aesthetic culmination in the “dehumanisation of art.” Nietzsche’s philosophy provided postmodern poetics with the Subject as “fiction,” subjected to a complex process of self-multiplication and self-reflection (Ihab Hassan). The loss of the autonomy of the Subject as a “fashionable theme” (Frederic Jameson), combined with its multiplication into simulacra (Jean Baudrillard) and the abolition of reference, allow the Object to storm the places of its absence. The multiplicitous nature under which the image of subjectivity is formed is a possible solution for the issue of the Subject. Another solution would be inflicting violence upon the Subject, replaced by the corporeality of the Object, by the body, to the point of its destruction, or to the ultimate point of abjectness. My essay will use Murakami Ryū’s novel Coin Locker Babies to examine its author’s views on the Object-Subject relation, on the Subject as an Object (corporeality) and on the forms through which the Object inflicts violence upon the Subject.

Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Sōseki’s Excursion into the Split Subject and Translation’s Rescue of the Humanities

This essay takes the current crisis in the humanities as its starting point, shifting away from the popular view that the humanities are imperiled by hostile elements from outside academia and a general suspicion of their worth to a deeper and more lasting problem. This larger crisis is that if the humanities are allowed to continue to languish, the North American academy eventually will be left with a knowledge gap. Future generations will be unable to develop humanities-based skills. Although the author has no solution to this problem, he emphasizes one aspect of the humanities: the value of reading world literature in translation. Arguing that important insights can be gleaned from reading outside one’s own field, he draws on Natsume Sōseki’s modern classic Kokoro. Kokoro unveils for the reader many things about Japanese culture in the transition to modernity, including a tension between two subjective tendencies: individualism versus relationality based on filial obeisance. That such insights can be gained from reading in translation is a strong argument for the humanities as well as general education.

L’autofiction, un genre performatif

The purpose of this paper is to comment on the emergence of autofiction genre and its meaning. Beginning with a comparative analysis of this genre and the autobiographical one we will show the lack a stability of its definition since the 1970’s until dawn of the 21st century. This neologism, created by Serge Doubrovsky in 1969 shall be rebuilt by the author himself in 1977. Doubrovsky shall hence define that concept for a period of twenty years without achieving to fix all the issues concerning that very word. Beyond the more or less accepted combination of deconstructed narration, split subject and links to the psychoanalysis, autofiction genre appears to contain a performative potential. We will question about how and in which way autofiction parts itself from autobiography, showing it is from the beginning intrinsically performative

Considering Lacan in career counselling

ABSTRACT In this paper, the work of psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan is examined with regard to career counselling. Lacan argued that the individual exists as the split subject engaged in a futile search to fill an inner void via the pursuit of a particular object. In this paper I will explore a number of Lacan's key concepts (Imaginary, Symbolic, Real, Lack, “objet petit a” and Jouissance). Next, I discuss Lacan in relation to career theory in general, followed by the presentation of a case study in which I attempt to elucidate some Lacanian concepts in a practical setting.