Split Set Research Articles

Development of a Unified Rock Bolt Model in Discontinuous Deformation Analysis

In this paper, a unified rock bolt model is proposed and incorporated into the two-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis. In the model, the bolt shank is discretized into a finite number of (modified) Euler–Bernoulli beam elements with the degrees of freedom represented at the end nodes, while the face plate is treated as solid blocks. The rock mass and the bolt shank deform independently, but interact with each other through a few anchored points. The interactions between the rock mass and the face plate are handled via general contact algorithm. Different types of rock bolts (e.g., Expansion Shell, fully grouted rebar, Split Set, cone bolt, Roofex, Garford and D-bolt) can be realized by specifying the corresponding constitutive model for the tangential behavior of the anchored points. Four failure modes, namely tensile failure and shear failure of the bolt shank, debonding along the bolt/rock interface and loss of the face plate, are available in the analysis procedure. The performance of a typical conventional rock bolt (fully grouted rebar) and a typical energy-absorbing rock bolt (D-bolt) under the scenarios of suspending loosened blocks and rock dilation is investigated using the proposed model. The reliability of the proposed model is verified by comparing the simulation results with theoretical predictions and experimental observations. The proposed model could be used to reveal the mechanism of each type of rock bolt in realistic scenarios and to provide a numerical way for presenting the detailed profile about the behavior of bolts, in particular at intermediate loading stages.

Study on the Geometric and Electronic Structures of Al n Si m (n = 3, 4, 5; m = 1, 2, 3, 4) Clusters

Genetic algorithm combined with the semi-empirical Hamitonian AM1/PM3 is used to search the low energy isomers of Al n Si m (n = 3, 5, m ≤ 3 and n = 4, m ≤ 4) and the charged clusters with 20 and 28 valence electrons. The candidate structures were optimized by the density functional theory PBE0 and B3LYP models with the triply split basis sets including polarization functions. The electronic structures show that Al–Si binary clusters behave like metal clusters. The molecular orbitals accord with that predicted by the jellium model, and the electron localization function shows the valence electrons are delocalized over the entire clusters. The clusters having 20 and 28 valence electrons exhibit pronounced stabilities and large energy gaps. The 20 valence electrons of Al4Si2 and Al3Si3 +, Al5Si− form closed shells 1S 21P 62S 21D 10. Al4Si4 and Al5Si3 − have oblate structures and the P, D, F levels spilt considerably in these clusters. The electron density distributions suggest that doping silicon in the aluminum clusters enhances the stability considerably.

Machine learning applications for prediction of relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The prediction of relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a critical factor for successful treatment and follow-up planning. Our goal was to construct an ALL relapse prediction model based on machine learning algorithms. Monte Carlo cross-validation nested by 10-fold cross-validation was used to rank clinical variables on the randomly split training sets of 336 newly diagnosed ALL children, and a forward feature selection algorithm was employed to find the shortest list of most discriminatory variables. To enable an unbiased estimation of the prediction model to new patients, besides the split test sets of 150 patients, we introduced another independent data set of 84 patients to evaluate the model. The Random Forest model with 14 features achieved a cross-validation accuracy of 0.827 ± 0.031 on one set and an accuracy of 0.798 on the other, with the area under the curve of 0.902 ± 0.027 and 0.904, respectively. The model performed well across different risk-level groups, with the best accuracy of 0.829 in the standard-risk group. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use machine learning models to predict childhood ALL relapse based on medical data from Electronic Medical Record, which will further facilitate stratification treatments.

Split-Facets for Balanced Minimal Evolution Polytopes and the Permutoassociahedron.

Understanding the face structure of the balanced minimal evolution (BME) polytope, especially its top-dimensional facets, is a fundamental problem in phylogenetic theory. We show that BME polytope has a sublattice of its poset of faces which is isomorphic to a quotient of the well-studied permutoassociahedron. This sublattice corresponds to compatible sets of splits displayed by phylogenetic trees and extends the lattice of faces of the BME polytope found by Hodge, Haws and Yoshida. Each of the maximal elements in our new poset of faces corresponds to a single split of the leaves. Nearly all of these turn out to actually be facets of the BME polytope, a collection of facets which grows exponentially.

Rotational Splitting and Asteroseismic Modeling of the δ Scuti Star EE Camelopardalis

Abstract According to the rotational splitting law of g modes, the frequency spectra of EE Cam can be disentangled only with oscillation modes of ℓ = 0, 1, and 2. Fifteen sets of rotational splits were found, and they contain five sets of ℓ = 1 multiplets and 10 sets of ℓ = 2 multiplets. The rotational period of EE Cam is deduced to be days. When we do model fittings, we use two nonradial oscillation modes (f 11 and f 32), and the fundamental radial mode f 1. The fitting results show that of the best-fitting model is much smaller than those of other theoretical models. The physical parameters of the best-fitting model are M = 2.04 M ⊙, Z = 0.028, T eff = 6433 K, , R = 4.12 R ⊙, , and . Furthermore, we find that f 11 and f 32 are mixed modes, which mainly characterize the features of the helium core. The fundamental radial mode f 1 mainly restricts the features of the stellar envelope. Finally, the acoustic radius and the period separation Π0 are determined to be 5.80 hr and 463.7 s, respectively, and the size of the helium core of EE Cam is estimated to be M He = 0.181 M ⊙ and R He = 0.0796 R ⊙.

Translation strategies, contradiction, and the theory of social representations: Why discussing needles may improve blood donor retention.

Retaining blood donors is a cost-effective way of ensuring a safe blood supply, yet despite the plethora of research, only 5.1% of the eligible population in Australia donate blood and 40% of these do not make a second donation. We offer an alternative to traditional approaches by conceptualizing blood donation within social representations theory as socially derived symbolic knowledge with a specific focus on cognitive polyphasia and Guimelli's (1998) normative and functional dimensions. An online survey, completed by 703 residents from NSW Australia, comprised a blood donation word association task, Likert-style questions constructed from previous word association data and contextualized blood donation statements. Individual difference scaling analysis revealed all donor groups (including non-donors) associated blood donation with a few central, albeit contradictory ideas/beliefs. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis performed on a split data set of the Likert-style items reiterated this finding. Interpreted through Guimelli's dichotomy, all donor groups were aware of these contradictory normative and functional ideas/beliefs but when explicitly asked, it was the functional aspect that differentiated the groups. We argue the key to retaining donors is understanding the interdependence between how blood donation is socially understood at the societal level of discourse and donor behaviour. Translational strategies for recruitment and retention are discussed.

DFT Analysis of Spin Crossover in Mn(III) Complexes: Is a Two-Electron S = 2 to S = 0 Spin Transition Feasible?

Six-coordinate, rigorously octahedral d4 Mn(III) spin crossover (SCO) complexes are limited by symmetry to an S = 1 (intermediate spin, IS) to S = 2 (high spin, HS) transition. In order to realize the potential S = 0 to S = 2 transition, a lower symmetry and/or change in coordination number is needed, which we explore here computationally. First, a number of complexes are analyzed to develop a reliable and relatively fast DFT protocol for reproducing known Mn(III) spin state energetics. The hybrid meta-GGA functional TPSSh with a modest split valence plus polarization basis set and an empirical dispersion correction is found to predict correctly the ground spin state of Mn(III) complexes, including true low-spin (LS) S = 0 systems, with a range of donor sets including the hexadentate [N4O2] Schiff base ligands. The electronic structure design criteria necessary for realizing a ΔS = 2 SCO transition are described, and a number of model complexes are screened for potential SCO behavior. Five-coordinate trigonal-bipyramidal symmetry fails to yield any suitable systems. Seven-coordinate, approximately pentagonal bipyramidal symmetry is more favorable, and when a known pentadentate macrocyclic donor is combined with π-acceptor axial ligands, a novel Mn(III) complex, [Mn(PABODP)(PF3)2]3+ (PABODP = 2,13-dimethyl-3,6,9,12,18-pentaazabicyclo[12.3.1]octadeca-1(18),2,12,14,16-pentaene), is predicted to have the right spin state energetics for an S = 0 to S = 2 transition. Successful synthesis of such a complex could provide the first example of a ΔS = 2 SCO transition for d4 Mn(III). However, the combination of a rigid macrocycle and a high coordination number dilutes the stereochemical activity of the d electrons, leading to relatively small structural changes between HS and LS systems. It may therefore remain a challenge to realize strong cooperative effects in Mn(III) systems.

Cu(H2O) n ]2+ (n = 1–6) complexes in solution phase: a DFT hierarchical study

For the theoretical modeling of energy profiles of Cu2+ reactions with biological ligands, it is indispensable to know the structure of its solvation sphere. Not withstanding the experimental and theoretical studies on this topic, nature of Cu–water complexes is still subject of intense debate. In order to gain insight into the structural features and relative stabilities of the [Cu(H2O) n ]2+ (n = 1–6) species, several of their coordination modes considering water molecules in the first and second hydration shell of Cu2+, have been considered. Electronic structure calculations were performed with the G09 quantum chemistry suite of programs. Geometries are optimized by means of DFT functionals (allocate in different rungs of the Jacob’s ladder) and the ab initio MP2 perturbation theory applying the def-SVP valence split basis set; formation of complexes is studied in gas phase and solution by application of CPCM and SMD protocols. Stabilization energies for each stoichiometry are calculated at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. [Cu(H2O)2]2+, [Cu(H2O)3]2+ and [Cu(H2O)4]2+ complexes show lineal, planar trigonal and square planar structures, respectively; gas phase and CPCM results indicate that [Cu(H2O)5]2+ is isoenergetic with [Cu(H2O)4]2+(H2O), but SMD solvent effects favor formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. For sixfold complexes, [Cu(H2O)4]2+(H2O)2 is consistently found to be the most stable compared with [Cu(H2O)6]2+ and [Cu(H2O)5]2+(H2O). For n = 5 and 6, hydrogen bond formation in the second hydration shell competes with coordination in axial positions; results indicate that this intramolecular hydrogen bond stabilizes the complex more than axial coordination of water. In gas phase as well as solution, BHLYP outcomes are always consistent with MP2 results, evidencing the importance of exact exchange in the functional. SMD solvent effects show that water ligands are more loosely bond to the central ion that might explain a variety of complexes coexisting in solution, contrasting with gas phase where releasing a water molecule entails a higher energetic cost. Results indicate a clear tendency to improve the geometry, the symmetry and the relative stabilization energy of the Cu–water complex, toward the MP2 value, when either advancing on the Jacob’s ladder or the percentage of exact exchange in the functional increases.

On the Polyhedrality of Closures of Multibranch Split Sets and Other Polyhedra with Bounded Max-Facet-Width

For a fixed integer $t > 0$, we say that a $t$-branch split set (the union of $t$ split sets) is dominated by another one on a polyhedron $P$ if all cuts for $P$ obtained from the first $t$-branch split set are implied by cuts obtained from the second one. We prove that given a rational polyhedron $P$, any arbitrary family of $t$-branch split sets has a finite subfamily such that each element of the family is dominated on $P$ by an element from the subfamily. The result for $t=1$ (i.e., for split sets) was proved by Averkov [Discrete Optim., 9 (2012), pp. 209--215] extending results in Andersen, Cornuejols, and Li [Math. Program, 102 (2005), pp. 457--493]. Our result implies that the closure of $P$ with respect to any family of $t$-branch split sets is a polyhedron. We extend this result by replacing split sets with bounded max-facet-width polyhedra as building blocks, and show that any family of $t$-branch sets where each set is the union of $t$ polyhedral sets that have bounded max-facet-width has a fin...

Iterative algorithm for a split equilibrium problem and fixed problem for finite asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Hlbert space

In this paper, we propose an iterative algorithm for finding the common element of solution set of a split equilibrium problem and common fixed point set of a finite family of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert space. The strong convergence of this algorithm is proved.

GTangle

Tangles are a form of structured pen-and-ink 2D art characterized by repeating, recursive patterns. We present a method to procedurally generate tangle drawings, seen as recursively split sets of arbitrary 2D polygons with holes, with anisotropic and non-stationary features. We formally model tangles with group grammars, an extension of set grammars, that explicitly handles the grouping of shapes necessary to represent tangle repetitions. We introduce a small set of expressive geometric and grouping operators, showing that they can respectively express complex tangles patterns and sub-pattern distributions, with relatively simple grammars. We also show how users can control tangle generation in an interactive and intuitive way. Throughout the paper, we show how group grammars can, in few tens of seconds, produce a wide variety of patterns that would take artists hours of tedious and time-consuming work. We then validated both the quality of the generated tangles and the efficiency of the control provided to the users with a user study, run with both expert and non-expert users.

Conformational Transformations in Aromatic Nitroso Oxides.

A systematic theoretical study on conformational transformations of monosubstituted (ortho- and para-) aromatic nitroso oxides R-C6H4NOO was performed. The existence of two rotation axes enables two types of conformational transitions in substituted arylnitroso oxides: trans/cis (rotation around the N-O bond) and syn/anti (rotation around the C-N bond, which is important in ortho isomers). The complete set of conformers was localized for R-C6H4NOO using four selected density functional (M06-L, mPWPW91, OLYP, and HCTH) and augmented polarization basis set of triple splitting. It was found that the activation enthalpy of the trans-cis conformational transition is nearly insensitive to the nature of R and ranges within 58-60 kJ/mol for para isomers. The ortho substituent has an insignificant effect on ΔH(≠)trans→cis: it increases this value by ∼5 kJ/mol in syn isomers and decreases it by ∼3 kJ/mol in anti isomers. On the contrary, the syn-anti conformational barrier is considerably affected by the substituent R; an increase in the electron-withdrawing properties of R decreases ΔH(≠)syn→anti. The activation enthalpies grow with increasing polarity of the solvent, as it was found using IEFPCM calculation. The values of relaxation time for all conformational equilibria were calculated and compared with known lifetimes of aromatic nitroso oxides. Our results suggest that syn/anti transitions occur fast enough in the scale of the experimental lifetime. However, trans/cis transformations proceed more slowly. And under certain conditions discussed in the paper, the rate of this conformational transition limits that of irreversible decay of nitroso oxide.

Strong Convergence Theorem on Split Equilibrium and Fixed Point Problems in Hilbert Spaces

In this paper, we propose an iterative algorithm to find the common element of set of solutions of a split equilibrium problem and set of fixed points of an asymptotically nonexpansive mapping in Hilbert spaces. The new method is used to prove the strong convergence for the result of this paper. The result extends the corresponding one in the literature.

Computational Studies on Cinchona Alkaloid-Catalyzed Asymmetric Organic Reactions.

Remarkable progress in the area of asymmetric organocatalysis has been achieved in the last decades. Cinchona alkaloids and their derivatives have emerged as powerful organocatalysts owing to their reactivities leading to high enantioselectivities. The widespread usage of cinchona alkaloids has been attributed to their nontoxicity, ease of use, stability, cost effectiveness, recyclability, and practical utilization in industry. The presence of tunable functional groups enables cinchona alkaloids to catalyze a broad range of reactions. Excellent experimental studies have extensively contributed to this field, and highly selective reactions were catalyzed by cinchona alkaloids and their derivatives. Computational modeling has helped elucidate the mechanistic aspects of cinchona alkaloid catalyzed reactions as well as the origins of the selectivity they induce. These studies have complemented experimental work for the design of more efficient catalysts. This Account presents recent computational studies on cinchona alkaloid catalyzed organic reactions and the theoretical rationalizations behind their effectiveness and ability to induce selectivity. Valuable efforts to investigate the mechanisms of reactions catalyzed by cinchona alkaloids and the key aspects of the catalytic activity of cinchona alkaloids in reactions ranging from pharmaceutical to industrial applications are summarized. Quantum mechanics, particularly density functional theory (DFT), and molecular mechanics, including ONIOM, were used to rationalize experimental findings by providing mechanistic insights into reaction mechanisms. B3LYP with modest basis sets has been used in most of the studies; nonetheless, the energetics have been corrected with higher basis sets as well as functionals parametrized to include dispersion M05-2X, M06-2X, and M06-L and functionals with dispersion corrections. Since cinchona alkaloids catalyze reactions by forming complexes with substrates via hydrogen bonds and long-range interactions, the use of split valence triple-ζ basis sets including diffuse and polarization functions on heavy atoms and polarization functions on hydrogens are recommended. Most of the studies have used the continuum-based models to mimic the condensed phase in which organocatalysts function; in some cases, explicit solvation was shown to yield better quantitative agreement with experimental findings. The conformational behavior of cinchona alkaloids is also highlighted as it is expected to shed light on the origin of selectivity and pave the way to a comprehensive understanding of the catalytic mechanism. The ultimate goal of this Account is to provide an up-to-date overlook on cinchona alkaloid catalyzed chemistry and provide insight for future studies in both experimental and theoretical fields.

Novel insights into the oncogenic function of the SMYD3 lysine methyltransferase.

SMYD3 is a member of the SMYD family of lysine methyltransferases (KMTs). In humans, there are five SMYD members (SMYD1–5) that are characterized by the presence of a split catalytic SET domain interrupted by a MYND zinc finger domain. The MYND domain is thought to potentially mediate DNA or protein binding but a clear function is yet to be established. SMYD homologs have been described in a wide range of organisms, such as zebrafish, drosophila and budding yeast (1,2). While methylation activity has been clearly established for SMYD2 and SMYD3 (3-6), the activities of SMYD1, 4 and 5 are not well understood.

Application and Evaluation of a Hierarchical Patch Clustering Method for Remote Sensing Images

In this paper, we apply and evaluate a modified Gaussian-test-based hierarchical clustering method for high-resolution satellite images. The purpose is to obtain homogeneous clusters within each hierarchy level which later allow the classification and annotation of image data ranging from single scenes up to large satellite data archives. After cutting a given image into small patches and feature extraction from each patch, k-means are used to split sets of extracted image feature vectors to create a hierarchical structure. As image feature vectors usually fall into a high-dimensional feature space, we test different distance metrics, to tackle the “curse of dimensionality” problem. By using three different synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical image datasets, Gabor texture and Bag-of-Words (BoW) features are extracted, and the clustering results are analyzed via visual and quantitative evaluations. We also compared our approach with other classic unsupervised clustering methods. The most important contributions of this paper are the discussion and evaluation of cluster homogeneity by comparing various datasets, feature descriptors, evaluation measures, and clustering methods, as well as the analysis of the clustering performances under various distance metrics. The results show that the Gaussian-test-based hierarchical patch clustering method is able to obtain homogeneous clusters, while Gabor texture features perform better than the BoW features. In addition, it turns out that a distance parameter ranging from 1.2 to 2 performs best. Also indicated by [1], our modified G-means algorithm is faster than the original algorithm.

GC-MS analysis of secondary metabolites from the whole plant methanolic extract of DRYNARIA QUERCIFOLIA (L) J. SMITH (Polypodiaceae)

To investigate the secondary metabolites present in methanolic extract of Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Smith (Polypodiaceae). GC-MS analysis of whole fern extract were performed using a Trace GC Ultra and DSQII model MS from Thermo Fisher Scientific Limited. The instrument was set as follows, Injector port temperature set to 250ºC, Interface temperature set as 250ºC, and source kept at 200ºC. The oven temperature programmed as a variable, 70ºC for 2 mins, 150ºC @ 8ºC/min, up to 260ºC @ 10ºC/min. Split ratio set as 1:50 and the injector used was splitless mode. The DB-35 MS Nonpolar column was used whose dimensions were 0.25 mm OD x 0.25 μm ID x 30 metres length procured from Agilent Co., USA. Helium was used as the carrier gas at 1 ml/min. The MS was set to scan from 50 to 650 Da. The results of the GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of 9 compounds. The most prevailing compounds in this study are Tetrahydroisovelleral, 7, 10, pentadeadiynoic acid (CAS), Phosphoric Acid, octyl diphenyl ester (CAS), Octicizer, Phosphoric acid, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl ester (CAS), QUERCETIN 7, 3´, 4´ TRIMETHOXY, 1, 30-Triacotanediol, Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3a´-(CAS), and Lucenin 2 found to have significant medicinal property. It can be concluded that the plant extract show the presence of 9 phytocompounds. The presence of various bioactive compounds justifies the use of the whole fern for various ailments by traditional practitioners.

Semi-equilibrium models for paracoherent answer set programs

The answer set semantics may assign a logic program to model, due to logical contradiction or unstable negation, which is caused by cyclic dependency of an atom on its negation. While logical contradictions can be handled with traditional techniques from paraconsistent reasoning, instability requires other methods. We consider resorting to a paracoherent semantics, in which 3-valued interpretations are used where a third truth value besides true and false expresses that an atom is believed true. This is at the basis of the semi-stable model semantics, which was defined using a program transformation. In this paper, we give a model-theoretic characterization of semi-stable models, which makes the semantics more accessible. Motivated by some anomalies of semi-stable model semantics with respect to basic epistemic properties, we propose an amendment that satisfies these properties. The latter has both a transformational and a model-theoretic characterization that reveals it as a relaxation of equilibrium logic, the logical reconstruction of answer set semantics, and is thus called the semi-equilibrium model semantics. We consider refinements of this semantics to respect modularity in the rules, based on splitting sets, the major tool for modularity in modeling and evaluating answer set programs. In that, we single out classes of canonical models that are amenable for customary bottom-up evaluation of answer set programs, with an option to switch to a paracoherent mode when lack of an answer set is detected. A complexity analysis of major reasoning tasks shows that semi-equilibrium models are harder than answer sets (i.e., equilibrium models), due to a global minimization step for keeping the gap between true and believed true atoms as small as possible. Our results contribute to the logical foundations of paracoherent answer set programming, which gains increasing importance in inconsistency management, and at the same time provide a basis for algorithm development and integration into answer set solvers.

Intra-coil interactions in split gradient coils in a hybrid MRI–LINAC system

An MRI–LINAC system combines a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system with a medical linear accelerator (LINAC) to provide image-guided radiotherapy for targeting tumors in real-time. In an MRI–LINAC system, a set of split gradient coils is employed to produce orthogonal gradient fields for spatial signal encoding. Owing to this unconventional gradient configuration, eddy currents induced by switching gradient coils on and off may be of particular concern. It is expected that strong intra-coil interactions in the set will be present due to the constrained return paths, leading to potential degradation of the gradient field linearity and image distortion. In this study, a series of gradient coils with different track widths have been designed and analyzed to investigate the electromagnetic interactions between coils in a split gradient set. A driving current, with frequencies from 100Hz to 10kHz, was applied to study the inductive coupling effects with respect to conductor geometry and operating frequency. It was found that the eddy currents induced in the un-energized coils (hereby-referred to as passive coils) positively correlated with track width and frequency. The magnetic field induced by the eddy currents in the passive coils with wide tracks was several times larger than that induced by eddy currents in the cold shield of cryostat. The power loss in the passive coils increased with the track width. Therefore, intra-coil interactions should be included in the coil design and analysis process.

Predictors of Individual Response to Placebo or Tadalafil 5mg among Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: An Integrated Clinical Data Mining Analysis.

BackgroundA significant percentage of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) achieve clinically meaningful improvement when receiving placebo or tadalafil 5mg once daily. However, individual patient characteristics associated with treatment response are unknown.MethodsThis integrated clinical data mining analysis was designed to identify factors associated with a clinically meaningful response to placebo or tadalafil 5mg once daily in an individual patient with LUTS-BPH. Analyses were performed on pooled data from four randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical studies, including about 1,500 patients, from which 107 baseline characteristics were selected and 8 response criteria. The split set evaluation method (1,000 repeats) was used to estimate prediction accuracy, with the database randomly split into training and test subsets. Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) models were then generated on the training subset and used to predict response in the test subset. Prediction models were generated for placebo and tadalafil 5mg once daily Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis was used to select optimal prediction models lying on the ROC surface.FindingsInternational Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) baseline group (mild/moderate vs. severe) for active treatment and placebo achieved the highest combined sensitivity and specificity of 70% and ~50% for all analyses, respectively. This was below the sensitivity and specificity threshold of 80% that would enable reliable allocation of an individual patient to either the responder or non-responder groupConclusionsThis extensive clinical data mining study in LUTS-BPH did not identify baseline clinical or demographic characteristics that were sufficiently predictive of an individual patient response to placebo or once daily tadalafil 5mg. However, the study reaffirms the efficacy of tadalalfil 5mg once daily in the treatment of LUTS-BPH in the majority of patients and the importance of evaluating individual patient need in selecting the most appropriate treatment.