Image Splitting Research Articles

Effects of dynamically changing interaural level differences brought about by amplitude compression.

Amplitude compression is a feature of most hearing aids and cochlear implant processors. When compression acts independently at each ear in a bilateral fitting, interaural level differences are altered dynamically, potentially affecting spatial perception. A lateralization task was used to measure the position of sounds processed with a simulation of hearing-aid compression. Normal-hearing listeners indicated the leftmost and rightmost extents of the sound image(s) and selected from three response options according to whether they heard (1) a single, stationary image; (2) a moving image; or (3) a split image. Fast-acting compression applied at high frequencies significantly affected the perceived position of sounds. For sounds with abrupt onsets and offsets, compression shifted the entire image to a more central location. For sounds containing gradual onsets and offsets, including speech, compression shifted only the innermost extent toward the center, resulting in a wide separation between the leftmost and rightmost extents. In such cases, compression increased the occurrence of moving and split images by up to 57 percentage points. The severity of the effects was reduced when undisturbed low-frequency binaural cues were available to listeners, indicating the importance of preserving these cues in bilaterally fitted hearing devices.

The City & The City

This video is composed of two channels: the first depicts Tokyo and Saigon in small vignettes on a split screen while the second channel is another split screen image of a man and a woman in separate rooms each singing karaoke in a choreographed interplay of Japanese and Vietnamese/English. The tightly framed images of the cities provide the architectonics of an emergent Asian urbanism produced through shared histories of modern warfare and occupations often obscured by intense expansions and modulations of capitalist spatiality. This series of exterior images contrasts with the close view of the two singers solitary in their separate rooms, performing songs that bring the present-tense into sharp and melancholic proximity with histories rendered through pop narratives and the intimate technology of the karaoke machine.

Invited Paper: Depth reproducibility of multiview depth‐fused 3‐D display

Abstract— A multi‐view depth‐fused 3‐D (DFD) display that provides smooth motion parallax for wide viewing angles is proposed. A conventional DFD display consists of a stack of two transparent emitting screens. It can produce motion parallax for small changes in observation angle, but its viewing zone is rather narrow due to the split images it provides in inclined views. On the other hand, even though multi‐view 3‐D displays have a wide viewing angle, motion parallax in them is discrete, depending on the number of views they show. By applying a stacked structure to multi‐view 3‐D displays, a wide‐viewing‐angle 3‐D display with smooth motion parallax was fabricated. Experimental results confirmed the viewing‐zone connection of DFD displays while the calculated results show the feasibility of stacked multi‐view displays.

Extreme leg motion analysis of professional ballet dancers via MRI segmentation of multiple leg postures

Professional ballet dancers are subject to constant extreme motion which is known to be at the origin of many articular disorders. To analyze their extreme motion, we exploit a unique magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol, denoted as 'dual-posture' MRI, which scans the subject in both the normal (supine) and extreme (split) postures. However, due to inhomogeneous tissue intensities and image artifacts in these scans, coupled with unique acquisition protocol (split posture), segmentation of these scans is difficult. We present a novel algorithm that exploits the correlation between scans (bone shape invariance, appearance similarity) in automatically segmenting the dancer MRI images. While validated segmentation algorithms are available for standard supine MRI, these algorithms cannot be applied to the split scan which exhibits a unique posture and strong inter-subject variations. In this study, the supine MRI is segmented with a deformable models method. The appearance and shape of the segmented supine models are then re-used to segment the split MRI of the same subject. Models are first registered to the split image using a novel constrained global optimization, before being refined with the deformable models technique. Experiments with 10 dual-posture MRI datasets in the segmentation of left and right femur bones reported accurate and robust results (mean distance error: 1.39 ± 0.31 mm). The use of segmented models from the supine posture to assist the split posture segmentation was found to be equally accurate and consistent to supine results. Our results suggest that dual-posture MRI can be efficiently and robustly segmented.

Discussion: Tightening Up and Lightening Up

With gratitude to Drs. Axelman and Bellinson for their eloquent deepening of our understanding of the need for the development and negotiation of internal and external limit setting in the child, in the parents, and in the consultation room, this discussion expands on those ideas by placing them in the historical context, in which “Spare the Rod, Spoil the Child” has been replaced with “Use the Rod, Lose the Child.” Parenting by guilt and chronic parental anxiety leads to parenting too much to compensate for parenting too little, which in turn leads to both an overaggressive child with a poor internal brake system and the parent's split image of the child as both a feared but also a fragile object. Work with parents will necessitate substituting authenticity and benign authority for opulent neglect, and work with children in the playroom will have to take into consideration the possibility that the universal trait of seeking internal limits may be inhibited or impaired by underaggressive parenting, necessitating that the therapist step outside the traditional bounds of observer, interpreter, and transference object, and into the position of container and holding environment in which the child can repair the deficits in the capacity for self-regulation.

A Study of the Split Image and image Collision in Vaudeville

A Study of the Split Image and image Collision in Vaudeville

Development of multi-pinhole collimator for large imaging area with high spatial resolution

A multi-pinhole collimator system, which is effective for enlarging imaging area with high spatial resolution, has been demonstrated on Cold Neutron Radiograph Facility at JRR-3M in JAEA. The multi-pinhole collimator system consists of a multi-pinhole aperture and an overlap-cutter. On neutron beam from the multi-pinhole aperture, neutrons from each pinhole overlap at the sample position due to beam divergence. In the overlap area, sample images from each pinhole are obtained at a detector and these images look like split images. The overlap-cutter works to cut neutrons contribute to overlap at sample position and enable us to get an image without split. Imaging area was enlarged and sharp image without split was successfully obtained by using the multi-pinhole collimator system.

Life Cycle of Deep Convective Systems over the Eastern Tropical Pacific Observed by TRMM and GOES-W

The life cycle of deep convective systems over the eastern tropical Pacific (30°N to 30°S, 180 to 90°W) was studied in terms of cloud types, as classified by a split window (11 μm and 12 μm). Hourly split window image data of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-W) from January 2001 to December 2002 was used in this study. Deep convective systems consist mostly of optically thick cumulus type clouds in the earlier stage and a cirrus type cloud area that increases with time in the later stage. During this analysis period and over the analysis area, the life stage of deep convective system, to a large extent, can be identified by computing the percentage of cirrus type clouds within the deep convective system from a single snap shot of the split window image. Coincident Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) observations were used to study the relationship between the percentage of cirrus type clouds within a deep convective system (i.e., its life stage) and the rainfall rate. It was found that the rainfall rate tends to be larger in the earlier stage of the life cycle when a smaller percentage of cirrus type cloud is present within the deep convection.

The Adopted Child Syndrome:: Considerations for Psychotherapy

A high incidence of conduct disorders has long been observed in adoptees seen clinically. The Adopted Child Syndrome will be described and explained psychodynamically in the context of the psychology of adoption. Among the special therapeutic considerations discussed are the widespread professional failure to address adoption as a therapeutic issue; the birth parent transference; the Daddy Warbucks' countertransference;. the bad seed fantasy; the all-good and all-bad parental split images; working with unique problems of identity and self-image in adoptees; and parental denial and resistance.

New frontiers in breast ultrasound technology

Cancer remains a leading cause of death in Taiwan, and the prevalence of breast cancer has increased in recent years. The early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer is the key to ensuring prompt treatment and a reduced death rate. Mammography and ultrasound (US) are the main imaging techniques used in the detection of breast cancer. The heterogeneity of breast cancers leads to an overlap in benign and malignant ultrasonography images, and US examinations are also operator dependent. Recently, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has become a major research topic in medical imaging and diagnosis. Technical advances such as tissue harmonic imaging, compound imaging, split screen imaging and extended field-of-view imaging, Doppler US, the use of intravenous contrast agents, elastography, and CAD systems have expanded the clinical application of breast US. Breast US CAD can be an efficient computerized model to provide a second opinion and avoid interobserver variation. Various breast US CAD systems have been developed using techniques which combine image texture extraction and a decision-making algorithm. However, the textural analysis is system dependent and can only be performed well using one specific US system. Recently, several researchers have demonstrated the use of such CAD systems with various US machines mainly for preprocessing techniques designed to homogenize textural features between systems. Morphology-based CAD systems used for the diagnosis of solid breast tumors have the advantage of being nearly independent of either the settings of US systems or different US machines. Future research on CAD systems should include pathologically specific tissue-related and hormonerelated conjecture, which could be applied to picture archiving and communication systems or teleradiology.

Une image peut en cacher une autre : Illusion et spectaculaire de l’image re-composée

The image as collage, resulting from several layers of split up images, offers a particular use of the materials that can be at the same time cinematographic, photographic, pictorial or digital. Although it is often adequated with special effects, this formal work is however far from being a purely visual exercise in style : it is foremost in line with the scenaristic choices of the artist. Through past and present techniques, human body is dissected and presented in a new light. The image as collage appears as a foil for a twofold human condition, confined by the codes of a society which makes any individual value disappear. What is the place therefore of the special effect in an image ? How can the spectator, conscious of the trick effect turning the unreality into reality under his eyes, still appreciate and immerge himself in the narration ?

Italian split intransitivity and image schemas

This paper explores the choice between the auxiliaries BE and HAVE with Italian intransitive verbs. Most attempts to account for split intransitivity in Italian, as well as in other Romance languages, can be roughly grouped into two categories: the syntactic perspective and the semantic view. In this article I propose that instead of attempting to identify one single parameter responsible for the choice between BE and HAVE, the Romanists should, as our colleagues in other language families have already done, consider the auxiliary selection in terms of a combination of motivations related to the speakers’ conceptualization of the event and to their access to the relevant image schema. This proposition prompts us to reassess the conclusions previously reached by researchers working with aphasic subjects. In addition, it fosters integration between cognitive linguistics and neuroscience by providing a solution to the so-called “Granularity Mismatch Problem.”

Focus on nanoscience and nanotechnology

Focus on nanoscience and nanotechnology

A novel radiographic method to facilitate measurement of the tibial plateau angle in dogs

The tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) is commonly performed for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs. In order to be performed as described, this procedure relies on consistent measurement of the tibial plateau angle (TPA) on radiographs. This prospective study compared two radiographic methods for subsequent TPA measurement with respect to measured angle and ease of determining landmarks for measurement as determined by four observers. One method was the accepted standard radiographic protocol outlined in the TPLO training seminars. The other method involved a novel split image radiographic protocol not yet described in the literature. Participants' subjective scores as to ease of identifying landmarks and determining TPA on radiographs for each method were evaluated. Inter-observer TPA measurement variability was also assessed for each method. The novel radiographic method was judged to be significantly better in terms of ease of measuring TPA. Inter-observer measurement variability was considered appropriate for recommending use of this novel method for radiographing patients for TPA measurements.

Canada Among Nations 2005: Split Images

Canada Among Nations 2005: Split Images, Andrew F. Cooper and Dane Rowlands, eds., Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queens University Press, 2005, pp. xiv, 295.Split Images marks the twenty-first installment of the Canada Among Nations series. It also marks a new beginning as the first collaboration between the series host institution, the Norman Patterson School of International Affairs, and the Centre for International Governance and Innovation at the University of Waterloo, editors Andrew Cooper and Dane Rowlands, and publisher, McGill-Queen's University Press. It is reassuring to see that others have come forward to assume the task of providing an annual assessment of Canadian foreign policy, its current challenges, and future prospects. The Canada Among Nations series has, through the years, provided a valuable chronicle of the pressing concerns of the day. On occasion the volume has been overshadowed by unexpected events, such as the terrorist attacks of September 11th, that give the text less urgency than it would otherwise have. Potentially, this volume could have suffered a similar fate, given the election of Stephen Harper's minority government after the collection went to press. Repeated references to the Liberal government's International Policy Statement (IPS), not to mention the image of Paul Martin, Jr., that graces the cover, seem somewhat nostalgic, in the face of the Harper government's move to put its own face on such critically important policy arenas as relations with the United States, defence spending, climate change and the Middle East, among others.

Sliding window based approach for document image mosaicing

There are situations where it is not possible to capture a large document with a given imaging media such as Scanner and Xerox machine in a single stretch because of their inherent limitations. This result in capturing a large document in terms of split components of an image. Hence, the need is to mosaic the split components into a large document image. In this paper, we present a new and simple approach to mosaic the two split images of a large document based on matching sum of values of pixels of window in the split images. The method compares the sum of values of pixels of window in split images to identify Overlapping Region (OLR) in the split images. The OLR, a region in common, helps in mosaicing of two split images of large document. However, a small OLR is assumed to be available at the end of split images of a large document. In addition to this, the OLR in the split images depends on the size of the window. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is satisfactorily.

Romancing the Family: Umberto Eco’s Baudolino

Referencing Umberto Eco's novel Baudolino, the author discusses issues concerning the authenticity of the narrative, specifically the distortions in the story presented to the audience and doubts surrounding the veracity of the tale. The act of narration is associated with the shame caused by the abuse and neglect that is an integral part of this story. The ambivalence of the protagonist--to tell his story and to keep it (and his true identity) concealed--associates narration, a creative act, with lying. Trauma generates the lies and hiddenness as a means of coping with abuse and indifference. In order to deal with the feelings of inadequacy caused by his humble birth, the traumatized protagonist lies: he romanticizes his family origins, the illusion of being the offspring of distinguished parents. His attempt to win the love of the parents, by being both good and all-knowing, is one of the motivating forces of his family romance. Telling lies makes the protagonist omniscient: he is the only one who knows if and when he is telling the truth. Paradoxically, the narrator creates and undermines that image of omniscience by revealing the thought processes of one character while leaving opaque those of the protagonist, and by denying the trueness of the tale affirmed when he presents as objective his own subjective sentiments by indirectly attributing them to the protagonist. The uncertainty that underpins the narration is indicative of the storyteller's absence. This vacancy structures the work because it allows kindred spirits, nonjudgmental readers (listeners) who willingly suspend disbelief, to enter the world of the narrator. This uncritical participation counters the chaos of the storyteller's reality, as they create their own new world where the split parental images are united.

Track measurements of fast particle streams in pulsed discharge explosive plasma

This paper reports results of track registration for fast particles from the hot spot sparked inside a metal target. CR-39 track detectors placed in the ion pinhole camera, a magnetic analyzer, and Thomson-type mass-spectrometer in order were used to obtain images of the hot spot and to determine spectra of the fast particles. Using track detectors in the pinhole camera, we have obtained specific split images. The “average etch rate ratio versus track length” locus for track sample groups is depicted by means of squared diameters asymptotic method. Our analysis shows the majority of tracks belong to hydrogen nuclei. The track loci for the detectors from the pinhole or analyzers turn out to be split into two parallel streaks that have been interpreted as a proton–deuteron doublet. Data obtained using the Thomson analyzer clearly demonstrate the equal numbers of protons and deuterons for some parallel parabola sections.

Analysis of Mitotic and Expression Properties of Human Neocentromere-based Transchromosomes in Mice

Human neocentromeres are functional centromeres that are devoid of the typical human centromeric alpha-satellite DNA. We have transferred a 60-Mb chromosome 10-derived neocentric marker chromosome, mardel(10), and its truncated 3.5-Mb derivative, NC-MiC1, into mouse embryonic stem cell and have demonstrated a relatively high structural and mitotic stability of the transchromosomes in a heterologous genetic background. We have also produced chimeric mice carrying mardel(10) or NC-MiC1. Both transchromosomes were detected as intact episomal entities in a variety of adult chimeric mouse tissues including hemopoietic stem cells. Genes residing on these transchromosomes were expressed in the different tissues tested. Meiotic transmission of both transchromosomes in the chimeric mice was evident from the detection of DNA from these chromosomes in sperm samples. In particular, germ line transmission of NC-MiC1 was demonstrated in the F1 embryos of the chimeric mice. Variable (low in mardel(10)- or NC-MiC1-containing embryonic stem cells and chimeric mouse tissues and relatively high in NC-MiC1-containing F1 embryos) levels of missegregation of these transchromosomes were detected, suggesting that they are not optimally predisposed to full mitotic regulation in the mouse background, particularly during early embryogenesis. These results provide promising data in support of the potential use of neocentromere-based human marker chromosomes and minichromosomes as a tool for the study of centromere, neocentromere, and chromosome biology and for gene therapy studies in a mouse model system. They also highlight the need to further understand and overcome the factors that are responsible for the definable rates of instability of these transchromosomes in a mouse model.

Subcellular Localization of Disease-Associated Prion Protein in the Human Brain

Disease-associated prion protein (PrP(TSE)) deposits in distinct immunostaining patterns in the brain in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, including synaptic, extracellular, and cell-associated localizations. After having developed an appropriate pretreatment protocol to enhance immunostaining for PrP(TSE) without damaging epitopes of other antigens, we systematically evaluated co-localization patterns of distinct PrP(TSE) immunodeposits by confocal laser microscopy, including optical serial sectioning. As shown by quantification, the most prominent co-localization of PrP(TSE) is with synaptophysin, but PrP(TSE) may also co-deposit with connexin-32, a gap junction-related protein. Furthermore, neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, axons, astrocytes, and microglia harbor granular PrP(TSE) deposits. Highly aggregated deposits are focally ubiquitinated. We conclude that PrP(TSE) is not exclusively associated with chemical but also with electric synapses, axonal transport may be a relevant route of PrP(TSE) spread in the brain, and activated microglia and astrocytes may play a role in PrP(TSE) processing, degradation, or removal.