Split Identity Research Articles

The Ambiguities of Translation: Fuseli, Blake, and the Making of Aphorisms on Man

Johann Caspar Lavater’s Vermischte unphysiognomische Regeln zur Selbst- und Menschenkenntnis (1787) is a classic work of Enlightenment thinking that entered English circulation with a split identity. Published as Aphorisms on Man in 1788, it was brought before an English audience through the printmaking skills of William Blake and the agency of Lavater’s childhood friend Henry Fuseli. However, Lavater might well have recalled the saying “Traduttore, traditore” (Translator, traitor). Fuseli had not failed to close the lexical gaps between the German and the English. Rather, his ideas had transformed the work, from its ambiguous frontispiece through to its concluding lines—​interventions that challenged Lavater’s claim to authorship of the book. If the usual stories told about Aphorisms on Man describe the volume as a “product of friendship” or a “labour of love,” I turn this convivial alliance on its head to suggest that a closer look at its behind-the-scenes production reveals a different narrative, one that pivots on rivalry as much as collaboration.

From a humble identity to an identity of respect: lifetime abuse among Arab Israeli older women

ABSTRACT This study addresses the retrospective experiences of older Arab Israeli women after a lifetime of living in the shadow of intimate partner violence. Qualitative research was conducted, using in-depth, semi-structured interviews of 15 Arab Israeli older women. Underlying this study is a feminist perspective and a life course perspective. Two main themes emerged: (1) socially endorsed violence against Arab Israeli women. This took several forms: men’s dominant position and women’s dependence, sources of violence used against women before and after marriage, and the social education of women to accept their fate. (2) The construction of a multifaceted survival identity throughout Arab Israeli women’s life and old age. This identity has a variety of dimensions, including: a submissive victim identity, a rehabilitative identity of respect in old age, and a form of split identity that combines both the rehabilitative social identity and the marginal identity still experienced within the home.

Interface critique at large

This article considers how the pursuit of problematization advocated by Agre’s concept of critical technical practice has been articulated in relation to the increasing proliferation of interfaces across everyday life. While the ethos of Agre’s work to bridge the split identity of critique and craft can readily be found in reflexive design or software art, these cases are not always situated within broader ecologies of practice that also grapple with the asymmetries and exploitative aspects of interface design. Drawing from software studies and media theoretical accounts of the interface as a fluid milieu, I provide a navigational matrix to contextualize modes of interface critique at large, namely specifying traps and enclosures, surfacing asymmetries and augmenting alternatives. I argue, finally, that these modes provide an invitation to develop new metacritical theories and common capacities, particularly through the possibilities of grappling with systems of domination otherwise built to prefigure our experiences of them.

The Inner Wasteland in Selected Later Plays of Samuel Beckett

The inner wasteland can be observed in Samuel Beckett’s early and later plays. His characters suffer from loss of identity, emotions, and sense of time. They lead a life of failure, repetition, inaction, loneliness, doubt, suffering, and nothingness. The inner wasteland includes many aspects, such as the multi and split identity, the habitual repetitive element of life, the dark sorrowful life the characters lead, lack of communication and relations among them, their unfree, inactive condition, their foggy terrible recollections, loneliness, dryness of love, and uncertainty. The analysis and the illustration of each aspect will show how the inner wasteland is intensified in the selected later plays of Beckett.

Unresolved shadows: German encounters in the consulting room

The reunification of Germany took place in 1990. As an analyst brought up in the former West Germany, but practicing in Berlin, I have observed over and over again that patients who come from what used to be East Germany (German Democratic Republic) – even those born after 1990 – have a strong need to distinguish between East Germans and West Germans. In their minds, Germany seems still to be a divided country. A split identity appears to have been internalized, producing “West German” and “East German” racists who despise, in the “other” kind of German, a devalued aspect of what being German means. I have tried for many years to understand the hidden meanings of this defensive maneuver for the analytic couple, and beyond this for the relation between the East and West German societies. Here I discuss these unresolved shadows in German identity. Analyses in Germany may be dominated by the splits they provoke, which interfere with patients’ capacities to think. Patients may relate instead to a “German” object that is impersonal, nonempathic, and rejects the idea of an independent internal world. The defensive use of this object in the transference has to be continually worked through in the analysis.

The Split Existence: (An Analysis of F.M. Dostoevsky’s The Double)

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the existential situation of the protagonist of The Double from the position of its manifestation in the discourse he undertakes. Dostoevsky exacerbates the problem of the crisis of self-consciousness, a complex collision of personal and social being, showing the risk of a split identity that leads to insanity, largely associated with the tension between supra-individual value constructs and the lifeworld. “Doubling” is a vivid artistic means for conveying the deep meaning of the polyphony of the Self, which can be split under the influence of insurmountable social and existential contradictions. The story suggests two forms for reconstructing a person’s consciousness of self: discourse and text. Discourse is revealed in dialogue with others and with an Other; the self-text is created by man as the author of his own life story disentangling his experiences. The protagonist fails to cope with the discursive conflict largely because he is unable to construct a story allowing him to balance the voices that speak within him, to create a personal polyphony, and to overcome existential and ontological disaster. The protagonist’s dialogue with the doctor is an attempt to disentangle his existence and create this kind of story through an appeal to a real Other. However, Dostoevsky cannot see the proper cultural ground for this disentangling in the protagonist and his environment; he proposes no cultural resources, showing the “little man” as rootless, “without portents,” at the mercy of fatal chance, of an ill-starred mundanity, of spiritual chaos, “abandoned in the world.”

Women with Split Identity; A Literary Analysis based on the selected Female Portrayals in Literature

Female characters in Literature are portrayed through diverse dimensions such as heroic figures, objects of desire, rebellious individuals, icons of female liberation and individuals with fragmented identities. Those potrayals reflect the the feminine self which is surrounded by the awareness of her negated existence, stereotyped images of womanhood, the sense of lack of belonging, and repressed individuality. Thus the study focuses on analyzing the female literary portrayals like ‘Nora Helmer’in ‘The Dolls House’ by Henric Ibsen, ‘Adela’ in ‘The House of Bernarda Alba’ by Federico Garcia Lorca and ‘Emma Bovary’ in ‘Madame Bovary’ by Gustave Flaubert, ‘Maggie Tulliver’ in The Mill On the Floss by George Eliot and ‘Kattrin’ in Mother courage and Her children by Bertolt Brecht with the objective of bringing to the surface the socially determined fatal end and the symbolic disappearance of the feminine figure. In analyzing and elaborating the perspectives which are discussed within the research paper the theoretical perspectives of Simon de Beauvoir (‘The second sex’), Sigmund Freud, (‘Civilization and its Discontents’,)and Slavoj Zizek, (‘Looking Awry’) are referred with a thorough consideration. Consequently the woman figure whose identity is negated and given less vitality is identified as an inferior and vulnerable social figure within the existing social order and thus the literary characters like Adela, Nora, Emma, and Maggie Tulliver portray the antagonism between the social principle of ‘Repression’ and the feminine ‘ Liberation’. In contrast to the characters such as Adela, Emma and Nora who negate the social other in pursuing their determined routes towards the self-satisfaction, the feminine portrayals like Kattrin and Maggie Tulliver adopt the self-denial and renunciation of desires for the betterment of the social other. Thus the characters like Nora, Emma and Adela become capable of gratifying their intense abomination towards the social order while Kattrin and Maggie Tulliver with their self-sacrifice and altruistic motives achieve a serene satisfaction. In that sense it can be identified that their self-annihilation leaves behind a symbol of identity rather than nihilistic reality implying a more psychological vitality without being just a physical deterioration.

Steven Hutchinson. Frontier Narratives: Liminal Lives in the Early Modern Mediterranean

Steven Hutchinson. <i>Frontier Narratives: Liminal Lives in the Early Modern Mediterranean</i>

Double Agency and the Irish Big House in Elizabeth Bowen’s The Heart of the Day

This article explores how identity becomes fractured during the Second World War through an in-depth analysis of Elizabeth Bowen’s The Heat of the Day (1948). The article argues that the novel is both a spy novel and an Irish Big House novel; the elements of the Big House novel bring into relief the split identity that occurs to members of the Ascendancy, who have loyalties to both Ireland and England. During the Blitz attacks that occurred in London, Londoners become double agents as they tried to navigate a familiar world that became unfamiliar because of the destruction that surrounded them. This double agency occurs on the level of the individual but transcends that to the national, as England must navigate its relationship with a formerly colonized but now neutral Ireland. Thus, the personal and political becomes interwoven in inextricable ways, and Bowen’s novel suggests this is how identity must work for an individual to survive.

Specifics and Actors of the Drone Warfare

The article reveals the features of modern military conflicts waged with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones). Author traces the transformation of identity of fighters participating in high-tech wars. While the identity of combatants in conventional wars can be described with “killing- being killed” structure, post-heroic drone warfare leads to the formation of a split identity: on the one hand, a combatant reliably protected from mortal risks and threats, on the other hand, his defenseless victim. Author also studies the features of panoptic surveillance carried out with the drones. It is shown that modern war is entering the phase of unprecedented asymmetric confrontation, which cannot be overcome solely by technical means.

Bir Yaş Dönümü Rüyası: Bedensel ve Ruhsal Bütünlük

Through centuries, the patriarchal construction of women’s bodies as disobedient, uncontrollable and as an evil source of disruption to the social order has formed the misogynist system that silences women’s voices and ignores their bodily experiences. Captivated in that system, women have been estranged from their bodies and from their sexualities, and in time, they acquire a split identity and self-understanding as they are merely considered silent and passive objects of male desire. Nevertheless, believing that the female body is an important site of struggle and resistance against the patriarchal structures, and an indispensable medium also through which a woman can articulate her repressed and ignored desire, Erendiz Atasü adopts to depict independent female characters in her works that experience their sexuality as an expression of power and free will. Considering those issues concerning women/women’s bodies and basing its argument on the theories of de(con)structing the phallocentric discourses, this study analyzes one of Atasü’s most sexually explicit works, A Midlife Dream, to unveil and question the relationship between female body and sexuality as well as proving that spiritual and sexual integrity is obtained merely through full body awareness.

Kultura strategiczna in statu nascendi. Casus Ukrainy

Analysis of Ukraine’s foreign and security policy (both doctrinal and practical) leads to a conclusion about the lack of coherence of its objectives and the inconsistencies in their implementation. The lack of a formed strategic culture is one of the reasons. The aim of the article is an analysis of Ukraine’s strategic culture, its conditions, characteristics and evolution. The key conditions of Ukraine’s strategic cultural are history, geopolitics and Russian aggression in 2014. Among the features of its strategic culture are: postcolonial state syndrome, Russia’s syndrome and disposition, split identity and inconsistency in action. Distrust is also an important feature of Ukraine’s strategic culture. Until 2014, continuity can be observed among other things, not only in the characteristics and behaviors typical of the post-colonial state but also in Russia’s syndrome and disposition. For more than 20 years, Ukrainian politics has also been consistently erratic, which has manifested itself in the goals set as their implementation. After 6 years of Russian aggression, there are signs of changes in strategic culture and foreign and security policy. However, it takes time to observe the trend and consolidation of certain features.

Dwelling beyond Borders: A Diaspora Study of Susan Muaddi Darraj’s The Inheritance of Exile

In the postmodern age, under the effect of rapid means of communication and transportation, migration occurs and it has given rise to mutations in diasporic self. Ultimately, diasporic conflicting identity has become at the stake and diasporas often become an irreversible historical entity that leads to them towards home and homing desire. This paper explores the split identities of Arab-American diaspora in Darraj's prestigious literary work in the form of collection of short stories, Inheritance of Exile (2007). It also underpins how troubled relationship between the first and second generation of immigrants have impacted their dispersed identity. It also unearths the lives of immigrants, their pungent diasporic experience with split identity and its fragmentations; and then their inevitable survival in the migrated locations. The paper practices diaspora theory to analyze the novel through the model of Avtar Brah as a theoretical framework that is drawn according to the research methodology.

HYBRIDITY OF BEKSAN FLORET PURA PAKUALAMAN YOGYAKARTA: POSTCOLONIAL STUDY

During the British colonial era, there was an important momentum in the city of Yogyakarta. The important moment was the birth of a kingdom called Pura Pakualaman or Pakualaman Palace where Prince Notokusumo was known as Sri Paku Alam I. He could not be separated from the political contract between the British government and Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono II. During the reign of Sri Paduka Paku Alam IV, he was very close to the Dutch government so that most of the art of dance at that time was influenced by Dutch culture. The artworks of Sri Paku Alam IV include Srimpi Nadheg Putri, Beksan Floret, Beksan Sabel, Beksan Inum and Beksan Penthul Tembem . The object of this research was Beksan Floret . Meanwhile the method used in this study was a qualitative method with a post-colonial approach. In this study, a theory from Homi K Bhabha which explains hybridity was used. Post-colonial representations have several characteristics, including power relations, identity, ambivalence, and mimicry. Based on the results of post-colonial representation, it can be further elaborated as follows: (1). Beksan Floret reflects a split identity, (2) There is a power relation, which is legitimate, emancipatory, hierarchical and dominative, (3) Mimikri Beksan Floret itself gives birth to ideas about dynamic, creative and independent especially in costume and choreography, (4). The ambivalence of Beksan Floret is reflected in the reconstruction process. From Beksan Floret 's postcolonial representation, hybridity emerged, namely in the form of choreography, costumes and ideas. Article visualizations:

Browning’s Metaforms: Transformation and the Work of the Artist in The Ring and the Book

Browning’s Metaforms: Transformation and the Work of the Artist in The Ring and the Book Caitlin Crandell (bio) Of bodies turned to other forms I tell —Ovid, Metamorphoses So find, so fill full, so appropriate forms —Robert Browning, The Ring and the Book As Guido prepares to be beheaded near the close of his second monologue in The Ring and the Book (1868–1869), he considers punishments alternative to the execution called for by the Pope. In place of his death sentence Guido imagines a more mythical meting out of justice: no punishment, no painChildish, preposterous, impossible,But some such fate as Ovid would foresee,—Byblis in fluvium, let the weak soul endIn water, sed Lycaon in lupum, butThe strong become a wolf for evermore!1 This fantasy builds itself on a logic that subverts the Roman conception of justice: rather than punish the violent bloodlust that Count Guido Franceschini identifies in himself—a characteristic branded as animalistic, inhuman—this Ovidian fate would celebrate and confirm that trait. In this alternative ethics, wolfish people are not to be cured of or punished for their wolfishness but rather metamorphosed into the shape that best expresses that feature. If you can’t take the wolf out of the man, then you can take the man out of the wolf, Guido supposes: [End Page 237] Let me turn wolf, be whole, and sate, for once,—Wallow in what is now a wolfishnessCoerced too much by the humanityThat’s half of me as well! Grow out of man,Glut the wolf-nature,—what remains but growInto the man again, be man indeedAnd all man? Do I ring the changes right? (XI: 2056–2062) There is a certain fitting quality that accompanies this shift from split identity to completeness: Guido is not only whole but “sate[d], for once” in becoming wolf. However, the energy of unfulfilled desire, coded here as hunger, quickly overextends itself into the exuberant indulgence of wallowing and glutting. To become a wolf, in these terms, is to release oneself from the strictures and rules of human activity and to relish the freedom of extreme behavior. This passage, as such, links the metaphorical transformation of man to wolf with a complex and subtle verbal shift that embodies the liberation of a ravenous being. Only after a moment of contemplation does it become clear that Guido envisions two alternatives of material form that articulate two different verdicts on his murderous behavior.2The Roman law finds him inhuman and determines to unman him through beheading: the execution corrects for a disjuncture between material form (man) and spiritual character (wolf), making incomplete the human body that lacks in human morality. Guido’s wish to be transformed into a wolf, conversely, removes the human vestiges within him and thereby exempts him from the rule of human law, leaving the insatiable beast to glut itself with animal autonomy. This Ovidian vision of transformation should strike the reader of The Ring and the Book as familiar. Guido’s description of his half-mannish, half-wolfish nature—a split medium striving to “be whole”—fits precisely the pattern set out in the opening of the poem: it formulates a figure of distinct but melded halves that expresses the work’s combinate form. Indeed, as he does throughout the poem, Browning hides a hint in plain sight with Guido’s question whether he “ring[s] the changes right.” The primary symbol of the entire work, Browning’s “ring-thing” (I: 17), is itself a product of halves—an alloy of gold and wax, or fact and fiction—that finds completeness through a process of transformation: There’s one trick(Craftsmen instruct me) one approved deviceAnd but one, fits such slivers of pure gold [End Page 238] As this was,—such mere oozings from the mine,. . .To bear the file’s tooth and the hammer’s tap. . .Ere the stuff grow a ring-thing right to wear.That trick is this: the artificer melts up waxWith honey, so to speak; he mingles goldWith gold’s alloy, and, duly tempering both,Effects a manageable mass (I: 8–21...

Kurdish skin, Turkish masks: Evdirrehîm Rehmîyê Hekarî’s (Abdurrahim Zapsu) conflicting nationalisms

ABSTRACT Evdirrehîm Hekarî is mostly known for his Kurdish nationalist writings and activism at the end of the Ottoman Empire. He continued to be a voice for the Kurdish nation during the Republican period in his private writings, while he identified as a Muslim Turk in his publications. Hekarî’s complete rejection of secular Turkishness existed alongside his submission to Turkish Islamic discourse. His split identity and paradoxes are analyzed using Frantz Fanon’s study of the colonized man and his inconsistencies in his fight with the colonizer. In examining Hekarî’s inner inconsistencies, the article also benefits from Partha Chatterjee’s study of the contradictions of nationalist thought in its battle with colonialist power.

Bicultural Identity in Saud Alsanousi’s The Bamboo Stalk

Although the world now has largely become a global village, some bicultural individuals still find it challenging to be accepted into certain societies. Building on this argument, this article analyzes the struggles faced by the bicultural character in The Bamboo Stalk (2015), a novel written by the Kuwaiti writer, Saud Alsanousi. Jose is the son of a Filipino maid and a wealthy Kuwaiti man. Upon birth, he was disowned by his paternal family and was forced to leave for Manila with his mother, to be raised in poverty. In this article, the theory of graft by Colin Richards and selected concepts on biculturalism are appropriated to explore the manifestations of the grafted individual’s identity construction, demonstrating how grafting carries a negative impact in the formation of the individual’s social, religious and national identities. The narrative depicts the protagonist’s dilemma and identity crisis, revealing the circumstances that has led to the formation of his split identity. While the grafted individual finds it challenging to ascertain his identity that lies between two vastly different and incompatible cultures, the majority societies in the two cultures do not accept him for who he really his. This paper therefore highlights the experience of the bicultural in establishing a clear grafted identity as presented in Alsanousi’s work .

Autobiographical memory of war veterans: A mixed-studies systematic review

This paper reviewed articles on autobiographical memories of veterans who fought several major battles around the world. A total of 28 articles, reporting 11 quantitative, 16 qualitative, and 1 mixed-methods study, were identified through a search conducted in 11 major databases. Convergent thematic analysis of the findings extracted five recurrent themes: (1) memory features, (2) memory content, (3) self and memory, (4) culture and memory, and (5) theoretical accounts. Veterans’ memories were mostly aligned with the hegemonic narratives, although many of them were the depiction of atrocities (theme 1). Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders recalled less specific and less coherent autobiographical memories (theme 2); their retrieval was influenced by split identity—combatant versus veteran identity, generational identity, and political ideology (theme 3). War outcome, dominant public narratives, political environment, and myths prevailing in the society influenced the memory recall (theme 4). While qualitative studies used Erickson’s identity theory to explain how personal identity in conjunction with social identity helped to construct veterans’ memories, quantitative studies used Car-Fa-X model to explain why veterans with various mental health conditions predominantly produced overgeneral memories (theme 5). Findings are discussed through the current theories of autobiographical memory.

Reflections on the Split Identity of Women in Turkey Over Century

Abstract This paper proposes to explain the split of female identity in Turkey in terms of veiled/non-veiled, by attributing it to the exclusion of female founding figures during the instauration phase of the Republic. Introducing the psychoanalytic aspect overlooked in relevant sociological studies, it argues that we can refer to “Republican Girls/Daughters” rather than “Republican Women” and tries to disclose the possible dynamics underlying the split character of female identity in Turkey. As a sample case, it refers to experiences narrated by the novelist Halide Edib, who is also a political figure. The purpose is to demonstrate that the confusion of generations results in the denial of the female figures and leads women on a social level to conflicting dynamics similar to mother-daughter relationship dynamics.

English language learners’ motivations and self-identities: A structural equation modelling analysis of survey data from Chinese learners of English

AbstractThis study employed a large-scale cross-sectional survey (n=443) to identify the structural relations among regulatory styles (motivations), identity changes and second language (L2) possible selves of Chinese students undertaking tertiary study in New Zealand. Three specific models were tested. Specifically, ideal L2 model revealed that integrated regulation had a substantial (positive) effect on ideal L2 self and had a small but significant indirect effect on ideal L2 self through additive identity change; ought-to L2 model showed that introjected regulation had a positive and substantial contribution to both split identity change and ought-to L2 self; and dreaded L2 self model demonstrated that external regulation had a positive and large contribution to dreaded L2 self. The models delineate the dynamic and interactive process of L2 learning development, which helps L2 learners to develop their identity and self so that they may develop an adaptive identity and a positive L2 self in their future L2 study. As a result of this study, it is suggested that the literature on L2 motivational possible selves should include Markus, H. &amp; P. Nurius. 1986. Possible selves.American Psychologist41. 954–969. ‘dreaded L2 self’ alongside Dörnyei, Z. 2005.The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. L2 Motivational Self System, because L2 learners’ motivations and self-identities seem to be multifaceted and complex.