Split-half Test Research Articles

Translation, Cultural, and Clinical Validation of the Lithuanian Version of the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire among Hospitalized Cancer Patients.

Background and Objectives: The aim was to translate and validate the spiritual needs questionnaire for its use in the Lithuanian context. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was applied. Structural individual interview method (face-to-face) was employed to collect data on spiritual needs of cancer patients. Responses were obtained from 247 patients hospitalized in nursing and supportive treatment units at public hospitals. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics) version 22.0. To assess the psychometric properties of the scale, Cronbach’s alpha, split half test, average inter-item, and item-total correlations were calculated for internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis was used to confirm the construct validity of the translated version of instrument. Results: Lithuanian version of The Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (27 items) had a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94). The existential and connectedness with family needs factor had the lowest Cronbach’s alpha (0.71) in relation to other factors: Religious needs (0.93), giving/generativity and forgiveness needs (0.88), and inner peace needs (0.74). Split-half test showed strong relationship between the both halves of the test. The item difficulty (1.47 (mean value)/3) was 0.49; while all values were in acceptable range from 0.20 to 0.80. Item-total correlations were inspected for the items in each of the four SpNQ-27 factors. Conclusions: The Lithuanian version of Spiritual needs questionnaire demonstrated adequate psychometric properties of the instrument. This instrument, as a screening tool and conversational model, is recommended for clinicians in health care practice to identify patients with spiritual needs.

DEVELOPING A SCALE OF ADOLESCENTS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARD ADULTS: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDIES

This study introduced the Scale of Adolescents’ Perceptions Toward Adults (SAPTA), which was developed in Turkey. The validity and reliability study for SAPTA was performed using the data obtained from 1008 high school students whose ages ranged between 14 and 18. The internal consistency coefficient calculated with the Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) data obtained from 381 students was found to be 0.78 for the sub-scale named “Admired Adult Characteristics,” 0.66 for the sub-scale named “Disturbing Adult Characteristics,” and 0.69 for the entire scale. The internal consistency coefficient calculated with the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) data obtained from 627 students was found to be 0.82 for the sub-scale named “Admired Adult Characteristics,” 0.68 for the sub-scale named “Disturbing Adult Characteristics,” and 0.72 for the entire scale. The Spearman-Brown split-half test reliability value was found to be 0.74. The results of the analysis indicate that SAPTA has psychometric characteristics sufficient for determining the perceptions of adolescents, whose age range between 14 and 18 years.

Development of a scale to measure quality of life of overweight women.

This study presents the results of methodological research that derives evaluation items and tests the validity and reliability of the scale to measure quality of life of the overweight women. The scale items were developed by the current researchers directly from the consultation data following a group interviewing process aiming to capture the women's experiences, who are currently receiving primary health care. Pretest interviews were used to ensure that the questions were understood correctly. Six experts determined items for content validity of the scale and the evaluations of experts were scored using a content validity index. The scale is a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 to 5. The items were tested on a sample of 506 healthy women. The body mass indices of participants were 30 and above. Psychometric analyses included explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and item response theory. Parallel analysis was used to extract factors in EFA. Internal consistency and Spearman Brown split-half test correlation were used for testing reliability. The scale was refined as four final dimensions, comprising 40 items as a whole. The result of Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was found sufficient (χ2 = 14164.92; p < 0.001) and the KMO value was 0.959. This statistically significant value (p < 0.001) indicates that the sampling was sufficient and data had normal distribution. Cronbach's alpha was 0.967. The Spearman Brown coefficient was found to be 0.884. It was found that the scale is a valid and reliable assessment tool that can be used to measure the quality of life of overweight women. Methodological study, Level V.

Teacher Rating Scales of Early Academic Competence (TRS-EAC): Adaptation to Turkish, Validity and Reliability

&lt;p style="text-align:justify"&gt;This study aims to conduct Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability studies of the Teacher Rating Scales of Early Academic Competence. This study also aims to examine and improve early academic competence thoroughly on the basis of teachers’ ratings in Turkey, and lastly to contribute an assessment and measurement instrument to the literature which will enable to conduct further research in the field. This study was designed in a general survey model. The study included normally developing 619 36-72 month-old preschoolers attending to nursery classes and kindergartens affiliated to Afyonkarahisar Ministry of National Education in 2015-2016 academic year. The validity and reliability studies of the data obtained following the implementation of TRS-EAC, was completed. The Cronbach Alpha, split half test, test-retest reliability of the scale and its subscales were measured. TRS-EAC was found to be valid and reliable for 36-72 month-old children. It can be considered that the various studies that can be used TRS-EAC in Turkey will provide important contributions to the measurement power of this test.&lt;/p&gt;

Reliability Estimation and Pilot Testing of Diet Quality Assessment Tool for Indian Children

Malnutrition in childhood is one of the reasons for the high child mortality rate which can be due to many reasons including inadequate intake of nutrients required for proper growth and poor diet quality. As no index for assessing diet quality of Indian children was found after reviewing of literature, the study aimed to standardize Diet Quality Assessment Tool for Indian children (DQAT). The study sample included 30 school going children selected randomly from school of Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan. Dietary assessment was done by 24 hour recall method and reliability was evaluated using Crohnbach's alpha, split half and test retest reliability. The intake of nutrients was in accordance with the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) except for energy and iron in both boys and girls. Reliability was 0.65, 0.85 and 0.59 by split half method, test retest and Crohnbach's alpha method respectively suggesting low reliability, recommending the need for revision of DQAT items.

Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Positive (DERS-Positive): Adaptation to Turkish, Validity and Reliability Study

Bu çalışmada Weiss, Gratz ve Lavender (2015) tarafından geliştirilen Olumlu Duyguyu Düzenlemede Güçlükler Ölçeğinin (O-DDGÖ) Türkçe’ ye uyarlanarak, geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu bir devlet üniversitesinde okumakta olan 753 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde bilgisayar istatistik paket programları kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin Türk kültüründeki yapı geçerliği doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) ile incelenmiştir. DFA sonucunda O-DDGÖ’ nin Türkçe formunun üç faktörlü yapısının yeterli uyum verdiği (S-BX2=129.48, sd=62, p=.000, S-BX2/sd=2.08,&amp;nbsp; RMSEA=.06, GFI=.95, AGFI=.92, CFI=.96, NFI=.93, NNFI=.94, RMR= .03) ve madde yüklerinin .38 ile .81 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa iç tutarlık güvenirlik katsayısı .69-.90 arasında,&amp;nbsp; iki yarı test güvenirliği ise .67-.89 arasında değişmektedir.&amp;nbsp;

Development of Foreign Language Lesson Satisfaction Scale (FLSS): Validity and Reliability Study

In this research it is aimed to develop an instrument that could be used to measure university students' satisfactionwith foreign language lessons in a valid and reliable manner. The research was conducted on three separate studygroups consisting of 460 students in the spring semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. In the research, firstly, anexpert opinion was applied for the content and face validity of the scale prepared in accordance with literature review,student and expert opinions. In the final form, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were applied. The EFA yielded a construct that consisted of 28 items and three factors that explained the59.97% of the total variance. These factors were named as follows: the Curriculum, Teaching Staff and PhysicalConditions. CFA was performed in the final application phase and the fit indexes were determined to be acceptable.For the criterion validity, the correlations of the factors with the total points of the scale were calculated and a highlevel of meaningful correlation was observed between these values. Internal consistency and split half test values forthe whole scale show that the scale is highly reliable. Based on these findings, it can be said that this scale is a validand reliable measurement tool for university students to measure their satisfaction with foreign language lessons.

Universal basic education (UBE) policy implementation challenges: The dilemma of junior secondary schools administrators in Nigeria

The study examined the challenges hindering implementation of the universal basic educational (UBE) policy in Nigeria. The study is a descriptive survey research. The population of the study comprised all the two hundred and twenty one principals in Ebonyi state public junior secondary schools. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select 100 principals for the study. Instrument used for data collection is a researcher-structured questionnaire. The instrument was validated by three expects. Two from Educational Administration and Planning and one from Educational Measurement and Evaluation options Department of Educational Foundations and Science Education respectively in the Faculty of Education University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The reliability of the instrument was determined using split-half test method and computed with Cronbach Alpha which yields a coefficient of 0.82. The data collected were analyzed using means scores and standard deviation. The findings of the study revealed that politics; inadequate funds, poor planning and bureaucratic red-tape syndrome constitute challenges to the implementation of UBE policy in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended that successive government should consolidate on the existing policy plans for sustainability as well as strengthen the (PRS) units of both universal basic education board (UBEB) and ministry of education (MOE). Key words: Universal basic education (UBE), policy implementation challenges, Nigeria public junior secondary school administrators.

Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian Kuantitatif

The research instrument is a tool used to collect data or measure objects of a research variable. To obtain the correct data for the conclusion that is in accordance with the actual situation, then required a valid instrument and consistent and appropriate in providing data of research result. Instrument reliability tests to include test-retest, equivalent, and internal consistency. Internal consistency tests have several testing techniques depending on the type of instrument. Testing techniques included split half test, KR 20, KR 21, and Alfa Cronbach. The value of the validity and reliability of an instrument is influenced by the measured subject, the instrument user, and the instrument itself. Sehinggga, validity and reliability must always be tested before the instrument is used.

Development, Validation, and Reliability Testing of the Brief Instrument to Assess Workers› Productivity during a Working Day (IAPT)

Purpose – The aim of this study was to develop, validate, and test the clarity and reliability of the Brief Instrument to Assess Workers’ Productivity during a Working Day. Design/methodology/approach – The content of the instrument was chosen using research containing other valid instruments and after this the construct was developed. Relevance and clarity validations were conducted with experts using Likert scales (from 0 to 10), convergent validity was performed using the Health and Productivity Questionnaire (HPQ) and Health & Labor Questionnaire (HLQ) instruments, and reliability measures were carried out using the Split Half Test and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. Findings – The instrument proved to be clear and relevant with an average of 9.11±0.93 in the relevance test and 9.23±0.75 in the clarity test. Regarding convergent validity, the instrument showed a high correlation with the HPQ (r2 = 0.86) and the HLQ (r2 = 0.82). The reliability results were r2 = 0.78 in the Split Half Test and a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of α = 0.91 for the Management variables and α = 0.80 for the Physical and Mental Variables. Originality/value – The proposed instrument was shown to have an adequate content and construct, in addition to converging results with other recognized instruments, and it had very high levels of reliability. All these factors define it as a good tool for research regarding productivity in companies.

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale of in Older Adults

Falling is a common problem in the older adults, which can lead to serious injuries and deaths. This study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) developed to diagnose the fear of falling of older adult individuals. This methodological study was conducted with 141 older adults who are 65-years-old and above who are independent in their activities of daily living. The internal consistency coefficient of the Turkish Form of MFES is 0.98, the split half test consistency coefficient is 0.97 and, test-retest stability coefficient of the items is between 0.73-0.99. The Turkish Form of MFES was found to correlate positively with the Barthell Index and the rivermead mobility index, while it negatively correlated with the falls behavioral scale for the Older Person. The MFES Turkish form is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to determine the potential fears of falling, and practice regarding the fear of falling in older adults.

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN INSTRUMENT MEASURING ANXIETY TOWARD PHYSICS LABORATORY CLASSES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The learning in the physics laboratory is related to several non-cognitive variables such as anxiety which has a significant role in teaching and learning process. Therefore, university students may have different thoughts and anxiety levels towards physics laboratory class. The aim of this research was to develop a measurement tool assessing the anxiety levels of university students in a physics laboratory class. In this research the Physics Laboratory Anxiety Scale (P-LAS) consisting of 18 items was developed, and its validity and reliability were analysed. The sample consisted of 557 university students (295 female and 262 male) who take physics and/or physics laboratory classes at three different Faculties of Education. Validity of the scale was first assessed by expert review. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess structural validity, and revealed a one-dimensional structure. The loading values of all 18 items varied between 0.58 and 0.80, and explained 52% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of internal consistency was calculated as 0.94 and the split-half test correlation was 0.76. These results showed that P-LAS can be used as a valid and reliable instrument in physics education. Keywords: physics education, physics laboratory anxiety, scale validity and reliability, university students.

Construction and Validation of Environmental Ethics Attitude Scale

The aim of the study is to assess the attitude of teachers towards environmental ethics and to develop ethics in them in case of lack of concern towards it. After reviewing so many relevant literatures the investigators considered the three dimensions of environmental ethics i.e., anthropocentrism, eco-centrism and bio-centrism and constructed 84 items based on these dimensions. Investigators consulted 15 experts from various educational and environmental fields for the content and face validity of scale. After expert judgment, 19 items were rejected for overall ambiguities while 65 items were selected for preliminary try-out of the scale over 100 teachers selected through Simple Random sampling technique. Final draft of the scale with 54 items was administered over 300 teachers both from eastern and western Uttar Pradesh. After final item analysis of Environmental Ethics Attitude Scale, 46 items were retained on the basis of the t-value, which was found significant (0.05 level of significance). Out of these 46 items, 34 are positive and 12 are negative statements. The reliability of the tool was 0.836 by Alpha Cronbach to check internal consistency of the tool and by Split Half Test was 0.734.

Scale of environmental interest: The study of validity and reliability

The purpose of the present study is to share the statistics obtained in relation to validity and reliability of “Scale of Environmental Interest” and to introduce the scale into literature to be used in similar studies. After the piloting, the scale was administered to 613 students attending educational institutions of Kalecik province of the city of Ankara. The scale consisting of 27 items is in the form of five-point Likert type. The content and face validity of the scale was established by seeking the opinions of experts. Whether the data obtained from the scale are suitable for factor analysis was checked with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient and Barlett Sphericity test and KMO coefficient was found to be 0.932 and significance for Barlett test was found to be =0.000 p&lt;0.001, hence, it was concluded that the data are suitable for factor analysis. Explanatory factor analysis was employed to analyze the construct validity and factor structure of the scale, and basic constituents analysis was used as factorising technique. In the analyses, common factor variance of the factors on each variable, factor loadings of the items, the percentage of the variance explained and line chart were analyzed. Varimax basic constituents analysis was conducted to analyze the factor structures. The analysis revealed that there are 3 factors and the total variance explained by these 3 is 45.9%. The common variance of the 3 factors defined for the items was found to vary between 0.367 ile 0.601. Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be α=0.93 and Spearman Brown split half test correlation was found to be 0.87. In light of these values, this scale is suggested to be used by researchers. Keywords: Environmental education, scale of environmental interest, secondary education

The Efficacy of Arabic Version of the Developmental Assessment of Young Children Second Edition (DAYC-2) Scale in Detecting Developmental Delay among Jordanian Children Aged Birth to 71 Months

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the developmental assessment of young children second edition (DAYC-2) Scale in detecting Developmental Delay among Jordanian children aged birth to 71 months. Firstly, the scale was translated and reviewed for language and cultural appropriateness. Secondly, the Arabic Jordanian version of the scale was administrated to children diagnosed as developmental delay aged from birth to 48 months in the neurodevelopmental pediatric clinic in Jordan university hospital, and on children aged 48 to 71 months who were diagnosed as developmental delay in special education centers in Capital Amman. The scale was administrated also to normal development children aged 0 to71months who visited the Institute for family health–Noor al Hussein foundation and attended preschools in Capital Amman. Total of 310 children aged (0-71months) were enrolled. Construct validity and discriminative validity were verified. Reliability was established through computing Kuder–Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20), test-retest, split half test methods.t-test showed that the scale discriminates between normally developed and developmentally delayed children. One-way ANOVA showed that age has significant effect on the performance of children favoring older age groups using Scheffé multiple comparisons test.Item efficacy was determined by calculating point-biserial correlation coefficients for all items in each domain. The results showed that the scale had good psychometric properties and was capable of detecting developmental delay in children aged from birth to 71 months in Jordan.

Competencias del profesor universitario: elaboración y validación de un cuestionario de autoevaluación

Conocer las competencias que posee el docente universitario para mejorar su práctica en entornos presenciales y virtuales, a la vez que atender sus necesidades formativas, es fundamental. Con este propósito se diseñó un cuestionario de autoevaluación (20 competencias, 114 indicadores) que recorre las cuatro funciones universitarias (docencia, investigación, vinculación con el entorno y gestión). El artículo explica el proceso de elaboración y validación de este cuestionario. Se procedió a la validación de contenido a partir del juicio de expertos; al análisis de su fiabilidad, a partir del Alpha de Cronbach, obteniéndose valores en la prueba piloto de 0.88 y 0.99, y en la aplicación final de 0.92 y 0.97 en una población de 424 profesores universitarios de una institución latinoamericana. La consistencia interna se valoró con la prueba de dos mitades y se obtuvieron asociaciones moderadas y fuertes. Estos resultados dan confiabilidad al instrumento para autoevaluar competencias genéricas y específicas del profesor universitario.

Impact of Health Education on Knowledge and Access to Delivery Care Services by Women among Edu Local Government Area, Nigeria

Background/Objective: Even with the best possible antenatal screening, any delivery can become a complicated one requiring emergency intervention. Generally, health education is always required to improve health situations of vulnerable populations. This study was conducted to find out the impact of health education on the knowledge and access to Delivery Care services among women of childbearing age in Edu Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, a researcher-designed questionnaire was used to collect data from a purposive sample of 120 women, divided into two groups: an experimental and a control group made up of 60 women each. A split-half test of reliability was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. The results were analyzed using descriptive (frequencies, mean and standard deviation) and inferential (t-test, Alpha level of 0.05 used as a criterion) statistics were used to answer research questions and test hypotheses respectively. Results: A significant improvement in knowledge level among WCA about delivery care services after health education intervention programme in experimental group over those in control group after the intervention was found. Findings also indicate a very poor willingness of WCA to utilize delivery care services in both experimental group and control group before and after HEIP. Conclusion: Health education intervention programme had positive impact on the knowledge of women of childbearing age about delivery care services but there was no significant impact on their willingness to access delivery care services in Edu local Government Areas. Recommendations: Health education intervention programmes should be intensified to create further increase health awareness and knowledge while efforts should be made to encourage WCVA to patronise available delivery care services being provided. This may require further research to identify motivator factors to make WCA become willing.

Awareness and Use of Antenatal Care Services among Women in Edu LGA, Kwara State, Nigeria

Objective: This study determines knowledge and utilization of antenatal care services among women in Edu Local Government Area, Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional research design was used in this study. Two research questions were answered and one hypothesis was tested in this study. Methods: Researchers' designed questionnaire was used for data collection and a split-half test of reliability was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. Four hundred and eighty women of childbearing age were purposively sampled for the study. The results were analyzed using frequency and percentages to answer research questions. The t-test was used to test hypothesis at 0.05 level of significant. Result: The findings showed that women of childbearing age have very high knowledge and utilization of some antenatal care services, but demonstrated poor willingness to report pregnancy related problems and noncompletion of routine immunization schedules in Edu Local Government Area. Conclusion: Based on the findings, this study concludes that that there is a significant difference between knowledge and utilization of Antenatal care services among WCA in Edu LGA., however, women in Edu LGA have poor willingness to report early pregnancy related problems and non-completion of immunization schedules at the health centers as this pose a challenge and threat to both lives of the pregnant Woman and her unborn baby.

Health and Wellness Lifestyles of Private Industrial Workers in Kumasi, Ghana

Adherence to good health and wellness lifestyles by workers is essential if industries would be maximally productive. This study examined exercise and fitness adherence, nutritional practices, tobacco smoking, alcohol and drugs use, emotional stress, safety practices and disease prevention lifestyles among industrial workers in Kumasi. 222 workers (mean age = 29.9±8.6years) sampled among ten allied industries participated in the study. Modified and revalidated questionnaire using split half test with a reliability coefficient of 0.72 was used for data collection. Difference in proportion was performed using Fischer exact test. Results reveal that participants always almost (p=0.0026, p<0.05) and sometimes (p=0.0200, p<0.05) adhere to exercise and fitness program significantly. Alcohol and drugs were sometimes (p=0.0042, p<0.05) and never (p=0.0434, p<0.05) used significantly. Also, the workers sometimes (p=0.0111, p<0.05) and never (p=0.0064, p<0.05) engage in disease prevention lifestyles significantly. There was a significant difference in proportion of participants response on the influence of health and wellness promotion lifestyles at workplace (p=0.0002, p<0.05). Workers’ involvement in health and wellness lifestyles should be encouraged, motivated and fostered. Also health promotion programme should be included in the mode of operation of employees as a matter of policy in Kumasi, Ghana.

Arabic Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Depression Literacy Questionnaire among Adolescents.

Background. Depression is a serious mental health disease. Globally, it is estimated that almost 350 million people suffer from depression. It is important to assess depression literacy including knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders among adolescents. Objective. This study was conducted to validate the Arabic version of the Depression Literacy Questionnaire (D-Lit) among adolescents. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample size of 120 adolescents. Statistical analysis included face validation, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability testing. A test-retest was carried out within a two-week interval. Results. The mean score for depression literacy among participants was 8.6 (SD = 4.48), the median was 8, and the interquartile range was 7. Preliminary construct validation analysis confirmed that factor analysis was appropriate for the Arabic version of D-Lit. The total internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half test and the results were 0.78 and 0.71, respectively. The test-retest reliability measured by Pearson's correlation was 0.92 and spearman rho was equal to 0.91. Conclusions. Face validity, construct validity, and reliability analysis were found satisfactory for the Arabic version of D-Lit. The Arabic D-Lit was found valid and reliable to be used in the future studies.