Split-half Coefficient Research Articles

Scale of Time Traps Teachers Fall into: A Validity and Reliability Study

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the time traps teachers fall into during the teaching-learning process. The sample consists of 234 final-year students continuing their education at the Faculty of Education in the first implementation and 233 pedagogical formation students in the second implementation. Expert opinion was sought for content and face validity of the scale, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied for construct validity. For reliability analysis, Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency, Spearman-Brown, and Guttmann split-half coefficients were calculated, and corrected item-total correlations were used for item analysis. In the first implementation, six items with low factor loadings were removed from the 50-item scale as a result of EFA. It was determined that the remaining items had sufficient factor loadings, were unidimensional, and explained 39.3% of the variance. After EFA, the Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient was found to be .96, Spearman-Brown and Guttmann split-half coefficients were calculated as .91, and the corrected item-total correlations ranged from .34 to .75. Following CFA, 21 items remained in the scale, and the fit indices for the unidimensional structure were within the recommended limits. After CFA, the Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient was found to be .91, Spearman-Brown and Guttmann split-half coefficients were calculated as .85, and the corrected item-total correlations ranged from .37 to .73.

Psychometric evaluation of Liking and Wanting implicit association tests for physical activity and recreational screen use.

Interest in the implicit processing of activity behaviors has been growing, but the psychometric properties of its measurement are often overlooked. This study examined the reliability and validity of two implicit association tests (IATs) designed to assess implicit affective and motivational processes. In the first session, 101 college students completed a Liking-IAT, a Wanting-IAT, and a survey on their attitudes and intentions regarding physical activity and sedentary screen-based recreational activities. One week later, participants reported their engagement in these activities, and 34 of them completed the IATs again. The psychometric evaluation revealed high split-half correlation coefficients and significant correlations with behavioral attitudes and intentions for both the IATs, indicating good split-half reliability and convergent validity. The Liking IAT but not the Wanting IAT demonstrated satisfactory test-retest reliability over a one-week interval and predictive potential for weekend physical activity and screen time. Divergence in psychometric performances suggests underlying differences in corresponding implicit processes, highlighting the need for further investigation into the temporal validity, sensitivity to change, and the interplay of various implicit processes.

Analysis of Mathematics Education Students' ICT Behavior at IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon Post-Pandemic

This study analyzes student behavior in using ICT when using LMS at IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon. This study used quantitative methods with a survey research design. The type of survey used is a cross-sectional survey design. Samples were taken from Mathematics Education students in semesters I, III, V and VII, as many as 258 from 627 active students in 2021/2022 using the stratified random sampling method. The instrument was developed following the aspects and indicators in the TAM model, containing (1) perceived ease of use, (2) perceived usefulness, (3) attitude towards using, (4) behavioral intention to use, and (5) actual usage. The instrument will be tested for validity using CVR and reliability using the Guttman Split-Half Coefficient correlation. Data on student behavior using ICT were analyzed using Widoyoko categorization. The study results showed that the instrument was confirmed to be valid and reliable, with students' behavior in using ICT categorized as "good." The findings suggest that students are generally well-prepared to engage with ICT tools for online learning, reflecting their adaptability and positive attitudes toward technology adoption. However, to maximize the potential benefits of ICT in education, the study highlights the need for institutions to implement targeted strategies. These include providing more comprehensive ICT training programs, upgrading and maintaining digital infrastructure, and creating policies encouraging consistent and meaningful use of ICT in learning activities.

The Psychometric Properties of the EuroQol 5D Five Level in Survivors of Critical Illness.

The EuroQol 5D five level (EQ-5D-5L) instrument is a standardized measure of health-related quality of life and is routinely used in survivors of critical illness. However, information on its psychometric properties and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in this patient group is lacking. Secondary analysis of data from the previously published PREDICT (a registry in critically ill patients to determine predictors of disability-free survival) study, a prospective, multicenter cohort study. Six ICUs in the state of Victoria, Australia. Four hundred fifty adult patients admitted to the ICU and ventilated for over 24 hours. None. The EQ-5D-5L was administered by telephone at 6 months following ICU admission. Internal consistency (inter-item correlations, Cronbach's α, and split-half reliability coefficients), construct validity (against age, body mass index, and other outcome measures), responsiveness (observing change over time and effect sizes), percentage of participants presenting no change, and MCID (triangulation of distribution-based and anchor-based estimates) were evaluated. The EQ-5D-5L showed high internal consistency, Cronbach α coefficients of 0.82 (between dimensions) and 0.79 (between the EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale [EQ-VAS] and utility score), and average split-half coefficients of 0.79 each (between dimensions and between EQ-VAS and utility score). Construct validity was confirmed with a strong correlation between the EQ-5D-5L and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (EQ-VAS: r = 0.72; p < 0.001 and utility score: r = 0.81; p < 0.001). Effect sizes for change over time for EQ-VAS and utility score were low. The final MCID estimates were 10 (EQ-VAS) and 0.11 (utility score). The EQ-5D-5L, using the Australian value set, demonstrated evidence of good internal consistency and validity, but poor responsiveness in a critically ill population.

Determination of psychosocial care practices and needs of oncology nurses

The purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the psychosocial nursing practices and needs of oncology nurses by testing the validity and reliability of the scale by adapting and applying the questionnaire prepared by the American Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) group to determine the psychosocial nursing practices and needs of oncology nurses. Method: The study was descriptive. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 24 questions, including 4 questions about socio-demographic characteristics and 20 Likert-type questions. The research group consisted of 201 oncology nurses in Turkey. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was calculated. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was higher than 80% of the experts’ consensus for all items. KMO was satisfactory (KMO. 0.820) and the assumption of sphericity was met (22–4003.071.0.001). Using the split-half method (dividing the test into two halves), the reliability values of Strict Parallel (0.922) and Gutman Split Half Coefficients (0.916) were high and the scale was found to be reliable. Results and conclusions: The Determination of Psychosocial Care Practices and Needs of oncology nurses questionnaire is a valid and reliable scale that can be used in Turkish. When the results of this questionnaire were examined to determine the needs of oncology nurses during Psychosocial Care Practices, it was found that there were deficiencies such as lack of time, knowledge, experience and resources. At the same time, it is recommended that this study be used in different studies with large sample groups in order to contribute to the literature as a guide for oncology buses.

Translation, Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Confidence in Dementia Scale for Clinical Nursing: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To translate the 9-item Confidence in Dementia (CODE) scale into Chinese (Confidence in Dementia-Chinese, CODE-C) and evaluate its psychometric properties among clinical nurses. With the rapidly ageing population, an increasing number of patients with dementia will be cared for in hospitals. Clinical nurses' confidence in dementia care is crucial to provide quality care. A reliable and valid assessment tool is urgently needed to measure confidence in dementia and identify educational needs in hospitals. The CODE applies to other societies, and this study aims to standardise this scale for China. This was a cross-sectional study. Following the principles of Brislin bidirectional translation, literal translation, back-translation, expert consultation, cognitive debriefing and preliminary testing were performed, and the CODE-C was preliminarily revised. Internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities with a 2-week interval were tested, and an item analysis was conducted using the Pearson correlation coefficient method. Validity was evaluated, including content, construct, convergent, discriminant and criterion validity. A total of 452 Chinese-speaking nurses from three hospitals in Jinan, China, completed the survey. The scores of each item and the total score of the CODE-C were positively correlated (r = 0.626-0.802, p < 0.05). The difference between the high-score group and the low-score group for each item of the CODE-C was significant (p < 0.05). The Cronbach's α coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient and Guttman split-half coefficient of the CODE-C were 0.894, 0.842 and 0.838, respectively, and the test-retest reliability was 0.892. The scale- and item-level content validity indices were both 1.00. The confirmatory factor analysis model only marginally supported the three-factor structure. Positive correlations were noted between the CODE-C and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (r = 0.476, p < 0.01), suggesting acceptable concurrent validity. The CODE-C showed acceptable reliability and validity and can be applied to measure the level of confidence in dementia and the outcome of educational interventions aimed at enhancing dementia care among Chinese clinical nurses. The CODE-C can be used as a valid scale to assess the level of confidence in dementia among clinical nurses and help them recognise and improve their level of dementia care.

Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Adaptation of Stress Mindset Measure

Objective: This study aimed to adapt the Stress Mindset Measure to Turkish culture by conducting validity and reliability analyses. Method: Convenience sampling method was used in this study, which was conducted with the survey model. With 354 adult participants, Stress Mindset Measure, Life Satisfaction Scale and Perceived Stress Scale were used as data collection tools. Cronbach's alpha and two-half reliability coefficient were used for the reliability of the Stress Mindset Measur. The results of the analyses showed that the internal consistency coefficient was .85 and the split-half reliability coefficient was .76. Furthermore, the difference between the 27% lower and upper groups among the participants was statistically significant. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to test the construct validity of the Stress Mindset Measure. Results: The model fit values were at an acceptable level. Item factor loadings ranged between .49 and .78 and the scale was found to have a single-factor structure. Besides, the results of the analyses conducted to ensure convergent validity were found to be at the desired level. The concepts of perceived stress and life satisfaction were used to test criterion validity. Conclusion: Turkish adaptation of the Stress Mindset Measures a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Assessment of operating room nurses’ exposure to biological hazards: development and psychometric evaluation of a scale

BackgroundBiological hazards are one of the most common threats that operating room personnel face. The present study was conducted to develop and test the psychometric properties of a scale for measuring operating room nurses’ exposure to biological hazards.MethodsThis study is a methodological research that was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a pool of items was developed after an extensive literature review. In the second stage, the scale’s validity and reliability were tested. The validity of the scale was assessed in terms of face validity, content validity, and construct validity. To determine the scale’s reliability, the researchers evaluated internal consistency and stability.ResultsThe initial version of the exposure to biological hazards scale consisted of 75 items. After assessing face validity, 16 items were eliminated, and one item was added following an evaluation of content validity. In evaluation the construct validity of the scale, three factors were identified that accounted for 66.61% of the variance. The internal consistency of the scale was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88. Additionally, the split-half correlation coefficient was found to be 0.92, and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.96 confirmed the stability of the scale.ConclusionThe results of the study show that the developed scale has satisfactory reliability and validity. Nursing managers can use it to assess operating room nurses’ exposure to biological hazards in the workplace.

Health knowledge needs of administrative staff and related influencing factors: a cross-sectional data from Yuxi, China

Lack of health knowledge can be a main cause of barriers to early diagnosis and treatment, and it can also highlight the deficiencies in health education. Therefore, it is essential to understand the health knowledge needs of individuals and the related influencing factors in order to improve health education models. A total of 935 administrative staff (AS) were selected as study participants by convenience sampling in Yuxi City, China. An electronic questionnaire, comprising four parts—Health Knowledge Needs, Sociodemographic Characteristics, Health Psychology and Behavior, and Self-Reported Medical History—were used to collect data. Statistical analysis was conducted using an internal consistency test, Kruskal–Wallis test, principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis, performed with SPSS version 19.0. The Health Knowledge Needs Questionnaire had a Cronbach’s α of 0.883 and a Guttman Split-Half coefficient of 0.907. The need rates for health knowledge exceeding 30% are as follows: Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hypertension, Weight Management, Dietary Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hyperlipidemia, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Heart Diseases, and First Aid. Health knowledge needs were summarized into six dimensions: “Diseases with Low Health Knowledge Needs”, “Maternal and Child Health Care and Thyroid Diseases”, “Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases and Malignancies”, “Health Preservation and First Aid”, “The Four Highs Syndrome”, and "Respiratory and Digestive Diseases”. Gender, self-rated economic pressure, family size, and self-reported number of diseases were identified as influencing factors of health knowledge needs (P < 0.05). Thus, precision health education should be conducted according to the health knowledge needs of the target group, and various health knowledge topics should be organically integrated into modular health education to improve its efficiency.

Psychometric properties of the Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale: Revised (RAADS-R) in the Persian language for Iranian adults

Objectives Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) typically manifests in childhood and continues into adulthood. There are very few validated scales for screening ASD during adulthood. This study aimed to measure the psychometric properties of the Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale: Revised (RAADS-R) among Iranian adults. Methods A sample of 88 autistic individuals and 144 healthy controls were recruited. To establish concurrent validity, the scores on the questionnaire were correlated with the Autism Quotient (AQ) questionnaire. The construct validity of the RAADS-R was evaluated by examining its correlation with Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), CGI (Clinical Global Impression) rating scale, and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. We measured internal consistency using Cronbach’s Alpha, Spearman-Brown, and Guttman Split-Half Coefficients, and test-retest reliability. Results Internal consistency was obtained at 0.91 by Cronbach’s Alpha. The test-retest reliability of the RAADS-R was found to be excellent, with a coefficient of 0.91. A significant relationship between RAADS-R and AQ (r: 0.47), SRS (r: 0.86) and CGI (r: 0.94) was observed proving concurrent and construct validity. A Score of 67 showed optimal sensitivity (0.98) and specificity (0.99) in discriminating between normal and clinical populations. Conclusions Our findings showed favorability of Persian version of RAADS-R in indices of reliability and validity.

Adaptation and validation of the Parents’ Self-stigma Scale into Turkish and its association with parenting stress and parental self-efficacy

ObjectivesIn the present era, parents frequently stigmatize themselves for their children’s negative behaviors and inadequate social skills. Parents’ self-stigma (PSS) may lead to a decrease in parental self-efficacy and quality of marital and family life. In light of these reasons, the principal objective of this study to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the PSS Scale (PSSS) as developed by Eaton et al. (2019) and to investigate the indirect effect that parenting stress has on the relationship between PSS and parental self-efficacy.MethodsWe collected data from a total of 1,118 parents via random sampling, with the first part of the study involving 645 participants (Mage = 32.64 ± 7.28) and the second part of the study involving 473 participants (Mage = 27.43 ± 9.87). In the first part of the study, we employed structural equation modeling for the confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the criterion-related validity, average variance extracted, and composite reliability analyses. Moreover, we calculated Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and Guttman split-half coefficients for the reliability analyses. In the second part of the study, we utilized Hayes’ bootstrapping method to assess the indirect effect of parenting stress on the relationship between PSS and parental self-efficacy.ResultsThe first part of the study confirms the PSSS’s 11-item, 3-factor structure, showing the Turkish form to have acceptable goodness-of-fit indices, and found Cronbach’s alpha for the PSSS to be 0.89. Furthermore, the first part of the study demonstrates a significant negative correlation between marital life satisfaction and PSS. Meanwhile, the second part of the study has determined PSS to be positively related to parenting stress and negatively related to parental self-efficacy. The second part of the study also indicates parenting stress to have an indirect effect on the association between PSS and parental self-efficacy.ConclusionsThe study indicates the Turkish version of the PSSS to be a valid and reliable instrument in Turkish culture for measuring parents’ PSS levels regarding their children, with higher scores indicating greater PSS. The scale can be effectively used in both research and clinical settings. The study also suggests parental stress to have a possible impact on the association between PSS and parental self-efficacy. Furthermore, addressing the variables of PSS and parenting stress in family-focused interviews and therapeutic interventions may contribute to increasing parental self-efficacy.

Development and validation of knowledge, attitude, and practice scale regarding antibiotic use for Chinese medical students.

This study aimed to develop and validate a knowledge, attitude, and practice scale of antibiotic use for Chinese medical students. A five-phased procedure was adopted: (a) A item pool was constructed after literature review; (b) Delphi method was used to refine the items; (c) A pilot study was conducted to clarify the item; (d) Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to finalize the scale; (e) Content validity, construct validity and reliability of the scale were analysed. The scale of 32 items, respectively 15, 9, and 8 for knowledge, attitude, and practice, was finalized. The item-level content validity ranged from 0.80 to 1.00. The scale-level content validity of the scale was 0.90. Model fit indices of total scale and the three dimensions met the criteria. Cronbach's α and the split-half coefficient were respectively 0.81 and 0.65 for the total scale. For each dimension, Cronbach's α varied from 0.68 to 0.89 and the split-half coefficient varied from 0.64 to 0.83. The scale can be used as a whole or separately, serving as an effective tool to measure medical students' knowledge, attitude, or practice regarding antibiotic use.

Modeling Occupational Stress on Employee Performance with Mediating and Moderating Roles of Social Support: Structural Equation Modeling and Multivariate Analysis

Purpose: This empirical study investigated the relationship between occupational stress and employee performance and the mediating and moderating effects of social support on the relationship between occupational stress and the performance of IT sector employees in Bangalore city. Methodology: A quantitative methodology was used. The data were collected via a questionnaire to measure the three reflective constructs of the study: occupational stress, employee performance, and social support. Factor loadings &gt; 0.5 for the items of all three constructs were considered for analysis. The questionnaire's internal consistency was measured by assessing Cronbach's alpha and the split-half correlation coefficient. SEM analysis was carried out on the valid responses of 500 responses via AMOS version 28. Findings: The results of the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality indicated normally distributed data. Excellent model fit was observed, as indicated by the model fit statistics. A statistically significant direct effect between occupational stress and employee performance and social support was observed, with both the variable performance of occupational stress and social support explaining 28% of the variance in the dependent variable. performance This study also examined the moderating role of social factors in the relationship between occupational stress and employee performance. Social support also moderated the performance of the IT sector employees. Positive and statistically significant moderating effects of social support on the relationship between occupational stress and employee performance were observed. The slope analysis revealed that social support strengthens the relationship between occupational stress and employee performance. The authors suggest that organizations adopt social support strategies, such as breaks, meditation, and yoga, to relieve stress and increase social support among employees. Originality: This study assessed the effects of modeling occupational stress on employee performance with mediating and moderating roles of social support via structural equation modeling analysis and multivariate analysis.

Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the hospital-acquired insomnia scale (HAIS) and analysis of influencing factors

BackgroundAdequate sleep and rest are essential for patient recovery; however, lack of sleep has become a common problem faced by Chinese patients during hospital stays. Reduced sleep is often associated with a higher risk of disease progression and is strongly associated with increased hospital stay. However, there is no specific tool in China to assess short-term insomnia caused by hospitalization. This study aimed to translate the Hospital-acquired Insomnia Scale (HAIS) into Chinese, test its applicability to Chinese inpatients through reliability and validity indicators, and investigate the potential influencing factors of hospital-acquired insomnia.MethodsPsychometric analysis from a sample of 679 hospitalized patients to whom the HAIS questionnaire was applied. The structural validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the content validity of the scale was assessed using the content validity index. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, split-half reliability and test–retest reliability were calculated to evaluate the internal consistency of the scale. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the potential correlates of hospital-acquired insomnia.ResultsEFA supported a four-factor structure with factor loadings for all dimensions greater than 0.40. CFA showed good indicators of model fit. The content validity index of the scale was 0.94. the Cronbach’s alpha of the scale was 0.915, the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.819, and the retest reliability was 0.844. Gender, age, total hours of sleep during the night, medical insurance, length of hospital stay, perceived stress level, and perceptions about sleep explained 46.2% of the variance in hospital-acquired insomnia.ConclusionThe Chinese version of HAIS has good psychometric characteristics and is an effective instrument for evaluating hospital-acquired insomnia. In addition, hospital-acquired insomnia is more common in women, of younger age, less than 5 h of sleep a night, without medical insurance, stressed, and patients with more misconceptions about sleep.

Reliability and validity test of the Chinese version of the spiritual care-giving scale in nursing undergraduates and its application.

To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of the Spiritual Care-giving Scale (C-SCGS) in nursing undergraduates and its application. This was a retrospective study. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 262 senior nursing undergraduates from Chengde Medical University, China from May to June, 2023 through convenience sampling method. The C-SCGS and the general demographic data table were employed to investigate the subjects. The C-SCGS retained 34 items, and four common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, with a cumulative contribution rate of 65.15%. The I-CVI value of the scale was 0.88-1.0, and the S-CVI/Ave value was 0.94. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.957, that of each dimension ranged from 0.850 to 0.944, with a split-half coefficient of 0.887. The C-SCGS may be used to evaluate the spiritual cognition of Chinese nursing undergraduates by virtue of its good reliability and validity.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the family presence risk-benefit and self-confidence scales in Chinese nurses

BackgroundControversy surrounding Family Presence during Resuscitation (FPDR) continues internationally. The attitudes of medical professionals toward FPDR are particularly important for its clinical implementation. Currently, there is a lack of validated tools to evaluate medical professionals’ perceptions of FPDR in China. The study aimed to: (1) Cross-culturally adapt and validate the Family Presence Risk-Benefit Scale (FPR-BS) and the Self-Confidence Scale (FPS-CS) for use in China; and (2) investigate the nurses’ perceptions of FPDR and explore the relationships between the nurses’ perceptual variables and demographic variables.MethodsThe English version of the FPR-BS and FPS-CS underwent a rigorous process of translation, back-translation, proofreading, and cultural adaptation to create the Chinese versions. In the first stage, a sample of 200 nurses were recruited to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scales. In the second stage, a larger cohort 519 nurses were invited to assess their perceptions of FPDR and the relationships between these perceptual variables and demographic variables.ResultsExploratory factorial analysis identified a single dimension for both the FPR-BS and FPS-CS, explaining 43.84% and 48.43% of the variance, respectively. The Scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) of the FPR-BS and the FPS-CS was 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. Reliability assessments yielded Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.933 for the FPR-BS and 0.930 for the FPS-CS. The split-half reliability coefficients were 0.832 for the FPR-BS and 0.835 for the FPS-CS, while the retest reliability coefficients were 0.742 and 0.927, respectively. The average scores obtained were 2.76 (SD = 0.52) for the FPR-BS and 3.43 (SD = 0.58) for the FPS-CS. Statistical analyses revealed that factors such as patient type, family members’ prior experience with resuscitation, and the number of times nurses invited family members during resuscitation significantly influenced perceptions of the benefits and risks associated with FPDR (P < 0.05). Furthermore, obtaining certification as an intensive care specialist was positively associated with nurses’ self-confidence in managing FPDR (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe FPR-BS and FPS-CS were validated as effective instruments for measuring nurses’ perceptions of PFDR, demonstrating acceptable levels of validity and reliability. While nurses reported fewer benefits and greater risks of FPDR, they exhibited increased self-confidence in managing family presence during resuscitation.

Reliability of the Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire-Turkish in patients with neck pain: a cross-validation study

Background &amp; Objectives: The Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) measures the level of knowledge of patients and healthcare professionals regarding the neurophysiology of pain. The revised Turkish (Tr) version has low reliability for patients with chronic spinal pain. In this study, we investigated the reliability of the Revised NPQ-Tr in patients with neck pain. Methodology: The Revised NPQ-Tr was administered to 219 participants suffering from neck pain for at least 3 months, who were between the ages of 25 and 60 y and native Turkish speakers. Correct responses were awarded one point, while undecided or incorrectly marked responses were awarded 0 points. In order to analyse the validity of the test, the high-scoring and low-scoring groups were compared. Using the percentage of correct responses in the high and low scoring groups, we calculated the difficulty of the item (P-value) and the discrimination power of the item (r). Results: Responses to the questionnaire were highly correlated. Items 1 and 2 had high discrimination power (r &gt; 0.40), and items 3 and 5 had very good item quality (0.30 &lt; r &lt; 0.39). Among the items ranked between 1-7 and 9-12 in terms of difficulty of the item and discrimination power, only item 8 was found to be a difficult yet discriminating item (P &lt; 0.60). According to Cronbach's alpha (0.81) and Kuder-Richardson-20 (0.81) coefficients, the questionnaire had a high internal consistency and reliability, and a split-half correlation coefficient (0.802) determined its internal consistency and reliability. Conclusion: We conclude that the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire-Turkish can be used on neck pain, and it is reliable and highly valid. Keywords: Chronic Pain, neck pain, pain knowledge, pain education, pain beliefs, Turkish language, reliability, validity. Citation: Yasarer O, Sari Z, Copuroglu OB, Eker TA, Aydogdu O. Reliability of the Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire-Turkish in patients with neck pain: a cross-validation study. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2024;28(5):859−865; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v28i5.2552 Received: August 04, 2024; Reviewed: August 14, 2024; Accepted: August 17, 2024

Validity and Reliability of a Simplified Chinese Version of Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs Scale (CaSUN).

To translate Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs scale (CaSUN) into Simplified Chinese, and to assess the validity and reliability of this translated version among Chinese cancer survivors. Following the cross-cultural adaptation guidelines, the original CaSUN scale was translated from English into Simplified Chinese. To enhance the readability and comprehension of each item, a pilot study involving 40 cancer patients was carried out. Subsequently, 324 cancer survivors participating in follow-up appointments at a cancer hospital in Beijing, China completed the Simplified Chinese version of the CaSUN. The scale's validity was assessed through factor analysis. Indices including Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square to degree of freedom ratio (χ2/df), comparative fit index (CFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) were employed for construct validity. Average variance extracted (AVE) of each category reflected the convergent validity. Reliability was confirmed with both Cronbach's α and Guttman split-half coefficient. Factor analysis suggested that a three-level hierarchical structure of the CaSUN with four first-order factors, nine second-order factors and all the 35 items assessing unmet need could fit our data well (χ2/df=2.833, CFI=0.902, RMSEA=0.076, SRMR=0.066), indicating sufficient construct validity for this model. For convergent validity, AVE of each second-order category were greater than 0.5. Regarding reliability, Cronbach's α of the 35 items was 0.968, and the Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.984. Both of these coefficients were higher than 0.8. The present Simplified Chinese version of CaSUN had good cultural adaptability, appropriate validity and reliability for assessing unmet needs in different cancer survivor groups in Chinese mainland. This Simplified Chinese version of CaSUN can assist health professionals in addressing individual survivor needs and bridge the gap between patients' experiences and their expectations, thereby improving the quality of cancer survivorship care.

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Self-Efficacy Regarding Vaginal Birth Scale: A Methodological Study

Aim: The aim of the study was to test validity and reliability of the Self-efficacy Regarding Vaginal Birth Scale in Turkish. Material and Methods: The methodological study was conducted in a university hospital with 165 pregnant women. The data were collected using "Personal Information Form", "Self-Efficacy Regarding Vaginal Birth Scale and "Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory - Short Form". Language validity, content validity, confirmatory factor analyse and criterion-dependence validity and were performed to test the validity of the scale. The scale’s reliability was assessed using the item-total correlation, Cronbach’s alpha, split-half test method and test-retest analysis. Results: The scale content validity index was found above 0.80. In the confirmatory factor analysis, all the goodness of fit indexes had acceptable values. Item-total correlations ranged between 0.167 and 0.809 for each item and were positively correlated with the scale total. In line with the recommendations of experts, no items were removed from the scale. It was determined that the scale was collected under one factor as 9 items. The correlation between the two halves of the scale is 0.76, the Spearman-Brown coefficient is 0.86, and the Gutmann Split-Half coefficient is 0.85. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient calculated for the overall scale was 0.87. The total correlation of the items and the test-retest correlation showed high reliability with 0.924 (p

Self-concealment scale (SCS) in middle-aged people: psychometric features and cross-age equivalence test

BackgroundIndividuals’ concealment of negative information and privacy may lead to impaired social interactions and threatened health conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Self-Concealment Scale (SCS) in the middle-aged Chinese population and to examine the equivalence of the SCS among different age groups.MethodsThe current research adopted the SCS, Distress Disclosure Index (DDI), Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale (RCBS), Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Social Phobia Scale (SPS), UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8), and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) to survey 1124 middle-aged people. To explore the factor structure of the SCS, the study employed exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the SCS was measured based on Cronbach’s α coefficients, McDonald’s Omega coefficients, and split-half reliability. Correlation analysis was applied to examine the relationship between SCS and RCBS, SIAS, SPS, ULS-8, and K10. Moreover, this study recruited 1458 emerging adults and 1104 older adults to identify the cross-age invariance of the SCS.ResultsExploratory factor analysis of the middle aged adults’ data supported a single factor model. The factor loadings of SCS items ranged from 0.62 to 0.73, the commonality ranged from 0.39 to 0.53, and the single-factor model fitted well. The scale showed a Cronbach’s α coefficient value of 0.895, McDonald’s Omega coefficient of 0.893, and a split-half reliability coefficient value of 0.861. In addition, the SCS demonstrated invariance in emerging adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults. Further analysis showed that the scores of the SCS (F = 3.55, p = 0.029) among emerging adults (M = 26.43, SD = 7.96) were significantly higher than among middle-aged (M = 25.77, SD = 7.79), and older cohort (M = 25.69, SD = 7.91).ConclusionThe SCS revealed favorable psychometric characteristics among the middle-aged Chinese population. The degree of self-concealment among emerging adults was higher than that of middle-aged and older people.