Split AC Research Articles

Impact on Annual Energy Cost due to Air-Conditioner selection for Hotel Business setup in North India

Energy consumption is a critical factor in determining the overall cost and profitability of a hotel. High energy consumption can significantly increase operating costs, which directly impacts the overall financial performance of a hotel (Filimonau et al., 2011). By reducing energy consumption, hotels can effectively lower their operating costs and increase profitability. This can be achieved through various measures such as implementing energy-efficient lighting systems, optimizing HVAC systems, using smart technologies for better control and monitoring of energy usage, and adopting energy-saving practices in areas such as heating, cooling, and ventilation. Implementing these energy-saving measures can not only reduce the hotel's carbon footprint but also improve its competitiveness in the market (Čingoski & Petrevska, 2018). Additionally, promoting energy conservation in a hotel can also contribute to enhancing its reputation and attracting environmentally conscious guests (Filimonau et al., 2011). Overall, the impact of energy consumption on the cost and profit of a hotel is significant. Keywords Energy consumption, Air-Conditioner Selection, Advance Technologies, Energy Saving, AC Star Rating, Five Star AC, Inverter AC, Split AC, Window AC.

The effect of refrigerant filling pressure on split AC performance with variations in refrigerant R22, R134A, and R290

R-22 refrigerant has been recognized as a major cause of climate change and ozone layer depletion, leading to increased interest in finding more environmentally friendly alternatives. Two alternatives being considered are R-134a and R-290. The main objective of this research is to compare the Coefficient of Performance (CoP) performance of split ACs using three types of refrigerants, namely R-22, R-134a, and R-290, taking into account the environmental impact and operational efficiency. The research method involved retrofitting a 1 PK split AC which initially used R-22 with three different types of refrigerant as an experiment. The research process includes test equipment design, equipment installation, and feasibility testing before carrying out experimental testing. Tests were carried out with variations in refrigerant charging pressure of 70 psi, 75 psi, 80 psi, 85 psi, and 90 psi. The research results showed that the largest COP was found in the R-290 refrigerant, reaching a value of 0.86 at a filling pressure of 90 Psi. The largest COP value for R-22 was also found at a filling pressure of 90 psi, namely 0.66. Meanwhile, R-134a achieved the highest COP value at a filling pressure of 90 psi, with a value of 0.57 at a variation of refrigerant filling pressure of 90 Psi. In conclusion, this study provides better insight into the efficiency and environmental impact of the three types of refrigerants discussed. It also provides a useful information basis for the selection of suitable refrigerants in split air conditioning systems, with the aim of environmental conservation and achieving optimal performance

Real-time thermodynamic monitoring of split inverter ACs: amicrocontroller-driven investigation of performance

Recent technological advancements, particularly in air conditioning cooling systems, have led to rapid developments such as inverter technology. Inverter technology provides various advantages including energy savings compared to non-inverter air conditioners. Globally, the inverter modulates the compressor to continue operation despite reaching the set temperature. This study aimed to monitor the performance of split inverter air conditioners utilizing microcontroller technology. The microcontroller model employed was the ATmega2560, capable of logging each test parameter and displaying in real-time. Additionally, the ATmega2560 integrated sensors including the DS18B20 temperature sensor and PZEM 004-T multifunction electrical sensor. Monitoring occurred over one hour of operation on a 8525 Btu/h capacity split inverter AC. Experimental monitoring results showed the lowest Tsupply at T1 compared to other temperatures, reaching 8°C. At Treturn, both T1 and T2 exhibited identical decreasing trends to 25.5°C around 3000 s. The minimum power variation occurred at P5 relative to other variations. The average power consumption of the split inverter AC was approximately 750 W. The minimum energy consumption observed was at E5 during the study, while the maximum was at E1 with peak energy consumption of 0.96 kWh. Microcontroller-based experimental monitoring can provide real-time results and shows promise for monitoring split inverter AC performance.

Improving indoor air quality and thermal comfort using a total heat exchanger ventilation system for an office building

Indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort affect occupant comfort and productivity. Thermal comfort supports productivity, while IAQ maintains occupant health. However, occupants are the main source of carbon dioxide, which is the main index for indoor pollutants in educational buildings due to many occupants gathering in one room. This study investigates the performance of applying a total heat exchanger (THX) for diluting carbon dioxide (CO2). Besides, the thermal comfort of the occupants has been evaluated extensively as the THX also reduces the fresh air temperature. An office area with 14 graduate students seated in a meeting was investigated. Questionnaires and field measurements were conducted simultaneously. Time-varying IAQ (carbon dioxide concentration) was assessed using computational fluid dynamics. The numerical simulation program also contained User Defined Function (UDF) based predicted mean vote (PMV) algorithms to determine occupant thermal comfort. The results indicated that without using THX, the CO2 concentration gradually rises until it reaches a maximum of 1400 ppm inside the room. This condition occurs because there is no air change between indoor and fresh air, mainly due to the lack of fresh air supply and reliance on split AC for circulation. With THX, the concentration could lower to below 1000 ppm. In addition, it also could make room temperature slightly lower, with the overall temperature average in this study being 24.5?C without THX and 24.1?C when THX is operated.

Effect Of AC Compressor Modification on Fuel Consumption in Car

The cooling system is a refrigeration technology that is growing, especially regarding the cooling medium (refrigerant), new vehicles nowadays mostly use air conditioning to condition the air in the vehicle's cabin, but for now, there are still many aspects that have not been given much attention, especially the compressor. Compressor systems in vehicles still rely on the engine as a direct drive resulting in increasingly wasteful fuel consumption and reducing the performance of the vehicle. This study analyzes the results of modifying a conventional compressor into an electric compressor by utilizing a split AC compressor whose supply voltage is obtained from a DC to AC inverter on vehicle fuel consumption and the required electrical energy. Inverter modification is highly recommended in the application of car air conditioners, split AC compressors, and others. The results of this research show that AC compressors using split compressors affect fuel consumption.

Analytical review of AC Distribution in the Delhi Region based on Climate change and Development

Due to the rising temperatures and humidity along with a rise in income levels throughout the world as well as the growing acceptance of air conditioners as a utility and necessity rather than a luxury product, the air conditioning (AC) sector is predicted to see enormous development. Analysis of AC sales in the region of New Delhi, India is the main focus of this study. Not much research has been conducted on Air Conditioner distribution in a region. This paper aims to analyze the sales of the Delhi region which has 969 counters, over 5 years (2018-2022). The development process involves the Extraction of Data from the MNC followed by cleaning, removing the outliers, then data analyzing the data, and finally plotting important charts to conclude our findings. Tools like Python, Pandas, and Matplotlib were extensively used. Data Cleaning and Data visualization are important aspects of any research and plots of Year vs Counter, Channel vs Sales, etc. are plotted. The Top 5 companies on the basis of ACs sold were found out Voltas, Daikin, Hitachi, LG, and OG, and factors like temperature and Development were used to determine why the sales in West Delhi were the highest amongst the other three zones (South, North, East). The product prices of 3Star & 5Star windows, as well as split Ac, were analyzed which gave us an idea of why Voltas is the front runner in selling the maximum ACs in Delhi. Other Factors like Income, Tourism rise in population can be considered for future research. Key Words: Air conditioner, New Delhi, Sales, LG Voltas, Daikin, Analysis

EVALUTION OF LEARNING FACILITIES SUPPORTING CREATIVE PRODUCTS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN MODELING DESIGN AND BUILDING INFORMATION EXPERTISE COMPETENCY

This study aims to gain a general understanding of the state of educational infrastructure and learning facilities for creative and entrepreneurial products, as well as a general understanding of the degree of standard compliance and the appropriateness of the curriculum requirements for Vocational High School Modeling Design and Building Information Expertise Competency. This study employed a descriptive and methodology. An analysis of the infrastructure and learning environments for innovative and entrepreneurial products provides information on the degree of standard compliance,An overview of the condition of learning facilities and infrastructure for creative and entrepreneurial products obtains an illustration that the requirements for facilities and infrastructure for creative and entrepreneurial product learning (PKK) in DPIB expertise competence are in the form of computer graphics, A3 printers, projectors, computer desks, student work chairs, and Split AC. Computer graphics have a quantity proportion of 83.3% and a quality proportion of 33.3%, meaning that in terms of quantity it is sufficient but in terms of quality it needs to be improved. This causes the computer's ability to run software or applications, such as SketchUp and AutoCad, to be limited. Computer capabilities in the laboratory 1 & 2 can only install old software or output, such as AutoCad 2016 and SketchUp 2016, and unable installing rendering software. which will affect the level of suitability and the level of adequacy of the needs of the DPIB curriculum where the demand for vocational expertise competencies, especially DPIB expertise competencies which are closely related to graphics to realize superior global competitiveness.

Analysis of Heat Recovery System Performance Using a Serpentine-Type Heat Exchanger on Water Heater with Fins Number Variation

The water heater is a common facility found in hotels or homes. There are alternative ways to do this besides using water heaters on the market, namely by utilizing the heat generated by the compressor and which will be discharged through the condenser, by adding a heat recovery system to the air conditioning unit. These research tests were carried out on variations of the serpentine-type heat exchanger with variations in the number of fin plates on the performance of the heat recovery system and on the split air conditioner. This research is an experimental study on a serpentine-type heat exchanger. Tests were carried out on a variety of heat exchangers with variations in the number of fin plates combined with a heat recovery system on a split AC. The independent variables in this study were three variations of the placement of the fin plate on the serpentine-type coil and the setting of the output air of the AC evaporator. Enthalpy values, refrigeration effects, compressor work, condenser, and coefficient of performance (COP) are calculated and presented in tables and graphs. The results of the performance of the heat recovery system obtained variations in the setting of the air burst coming out of the evaporator 24ºC has the highest COP value. The use of a heat recovery system can increase COP. With variations in the number of fin plates in a heat recovery system with a serpentine heat exchanger, the use of 5 fin plates has the hottest water temperature compared to the use of 3 fin plates and 1 fin plate.

ICE MAKER TOOL DESIGN

The purpose of this research is to design an ice maker using split AC machine with AutoCAD application software. This study uses a combination research design (mix methods), namely the researcher collect, analyze between quantitative and qualitative data in one study that same. Combination research design aims to complement the description of the results research on the events under study and to strengthen the research analysis. researcher choose to use explanatory which is included in the sequential model (sequence). Design This type is a mixed methods research design carried out by carrying out qualitative research first and then proceed with quantitative research. Based on the results of the design of the ice maker tool using the AutoCAD application 2016 it can be concluded that the size of the ice maker cooling box has a length of 520 mm, 460 mm wide and 520 mm high. The capacity of the number of ice cubes produced in one production process as many as 10 plastic bags of sugar one kilo. Storage box size The cooling water for the ice maker has a length of 370 mm, a width of 280 mm, and a height of 290 mm. The size of the ice maker frame or frame has a length of 1200 mm, a width of 650 mm, and has a height of 50 mm. The Split AC machine used is Split AC PK, the refrigerant that is used is refrigerant R22. Documentation of the design results of the ice maker tool using the AutoCAD application printed on A3 paper. Use accurate measuring tools so that the measurement results are more precise and precise. Research This is hoping for further research, regarding the design of the ice maker in order to obtain information that really becomes a reference for the community in good cooling. Need the existence of learning media that are validated by media experts so that when making tools they can be learning materials.

Optimization of compressor work, power and heat on efficiency refrigerant r290 on split ac

The vapor compression cycle refrigeration machine is the type of refrigeration machine that is most widely used today, generally the medium used as a working fluid that transfers heat from the product being cooled to its environment is a synthetic refrigerant. The working fluid is called refrigerant. Refrigerant is the main working fluid used in air conditioning systems to absorb heat and convert it in the refrigeration system. This then encourages countries in the world including Indonesia to then jointly carry out prevention and improvement by making agreements. Then this agreement was known as the Vienna Convention in 1985 followed by the Montreal agreement in 1987. In order to reduce the impact of ODS (Ozone Depleting Substances), in 1992 Indonesia signed the Montreal protocol. At that time, Indonesia also launched the "Indonesian Country for the phase Out of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) under the Montreal Protocol". This study aims to compare the work of compression, heat absorbed, and the electric power used by the split type refrigeration machine between refrigerant R-22 and refrigerant R-290. These results and analysis show that R-290 has a higher value than R-22 in compression performance. R22 power consumption is 0.30 kw and R290 is 0.26. R290 this is influenced by the light work of the compressor so that it will have an impact on electric power consumption. The power consumption of R290 is 42% less than R22. The heat absorbed by R 22 is smaller than that using hydrocarbons. The results of the optimization of compressor work, power and heat variables show an effect on efficiency.

Analysis of Modification of Car AC Compressor to Split AC Compressor on Cooling Rate

Refrigeration or cooling technology is increasing, especially regarding the coolant, almost all new vehicles now use air conditioning to condition the air in the vehicle cabin, but there are still many aspects that currently have not been paid much attention, especially to compressors, compressors for now still rely on the engine as a direct driver which makes fuel consumption more wasteful and reduces the performance of the vehicle. The purpose of this research is to modify a conventional compressor into an electric compressor by utilizing a split ac compressor. The research method uses the direct experimental method, can a split ac compressor replace a conventional compressor. Testing without changing a lot of the cooling system on the car, only changing the compressor without any other changes. The results of the research on split ac compressors can be applied to cars, but the cooling rate is slower than car ac compressors.

Analisis Kinerja R290 sebagai Pengganti R32 pada Unit AC-Split Kapasitas 9,000 Btuh/hr

R290 is a type of natural refrigerant that has ODP = 0 and GWP = 4. While R32 from synthetic materials has ODP= 0 and GWP = 675 both are refrigerants used in Split AC. With this high GWP, it can have a damaging impact on the atmosphere. The advantage of R290 is that it has a lower density compared to R32, which can save the number of fillings in the AC unit by ±30% of the previous amount of refrigerant in the same volume. R290/R32 was flammable with LFL= 2%/13% and UFL= 10%/33%. The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of R290 as a substitute for R32 on an AC-split unit with a capacity of 9,000 Btuh/hr. The steps used in the test are that the AC unit is placed in an open room with ambient temperature around 32°/80°C. The test was carried out until it reaches the optimal and stable temperature, then data is collected. The results of data collection from the evaporator air temperature R290/R32 = 21.4°C/23.0°C, condenser air temperature = R290/R32= 35°C/38.5°C, suction pressure= 90 psig/130 psig and discharge 200 psig/420 psig. The test data were analyzed and calculated using the Mollier Chart software with the results = R290/R32 = refrigeration effect = 344.8/272.2 kJ/kg, compression work = 12.18/13.02 kJ/kg, COP = 28.3/20.9, compression ratio = 2.2/3.2, strong electric current 4.98/5.73 A. From the decrease in electric current of R290 obtained a savings of 13.3% was obtained when converted to electricity bill payment and get a profit of 45,886/month.

Analisa Kebutuhan Beban Pendingin Untuk Aula Kampus III UM Sumatera Barat

The comfort factor of a room is determined according to the location, characteristics and activities in the room. In order for the room to feel comfortable, a tool is needed to cool the room. The hall of Campus III UM West Sumatra as a place for academic activities measuring 28.3 m long, 8.3 m wide, 3.2 m high with a capacity of 130 people, requires air conditioning according to the needs of the room. This study aims to determine the need for air conditioning cooling load for the hall space. The research carried out literature review and observation, calculating temperature, temperature, hall size, and others. The result of the research is that the cooling load is 25.44 kW, so 3 units of split PK type AC are needed

The Effect of Variations in The Distance of the Expansion Valve with The Evaporator on the Performance of the Type Cooling Machine Split AC

<p>This research was conducted with the aim of finding the effect of variations in the distance of the expansion valve with the evaporator on the performance of the type cooling machine Split AC. The method used in this research was the experimental method. The variation used in this research were the variation of the distance between the expansion valve and the evaporator by 1 meter, 2 meters, and 3 meters (standard), then the value sought in this study were the room cooling rate and COP (Coefficient of Performance). Data collection in this study was repeated 15 times. From the results of data collection and the calculation process, the room cooling rate has increased compared to the standard distance variation, which were 3 meters, where the highest room cooling rate occurs at a distance of 1 meter variation of 0.0876 Kj/s, so the smaller the expansion valve distance from the evaporator, the smaller the expansion valve distance from the evaporator. room cooling rate increases, and vice versa. And for the COP results from variations in the distance of the expansion valve with the evaporator decreased from the standard distance variation of 3 meters, where the lowest COP occurred at a distance variation of 1 meter by 33.58, so the smaller the distance of the expansion valve with the evaporator, the COP of the cooling machine decreased and vice versa.</p>

STUDI ANALISA PENGHEMATAN ENERGI DI GEDUNG DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH KABUPATEN BADUNG

Today, excessive use of electrical energy will certainly cause energy wastage, given the energy crisis that has hit all countries, the government must have made efforts to save energy use. In 2019, the energy consumption of the Badung Regency DPRD Building was 41.8 kWh/m2 month, when compared to the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 13 on an Air-conditioned Building, which was 14 kWh/m2 month, the DPRD Building was included in the wasteful category. Based on these problems, efforts are needed to evaluate the use of electrical energy in the DPRD Building by means of energy conservation. The purpose of the study was to identify the potential for saving electrical energy that can be applied to the Badung Regency DPRD Building. The research method uses a descriptive quantitative approach where the results of calculations and measurements are then described and compared with Indonesian national standards on energy conservation. The results of the research show that the potential for saving electrical energy can be done by replacing the standard Split AC into a low watt AC where the electrical energy savings are obtained by 11.62% or a budget savings of Rp. 21,068,468.-

Kajian termodinamik kinerja AC split: studi kasus pada bangunan pendidikan dengan menerapkan program komputer

This paper presents a thermodynamic study on energy performance of a split AC system with R-32 for the application of educational buildings at the Bali State Polytechnic. The study was conducted using a standalone computer program U-CoolS V.1.12 which was developed on the EES (Engineering Equation Solver) V11,334 program. A thermodynamic model was developed and validated using data from the technical specifications of various types of split AC. Thermodynamic studies were carried out based on variations in ambient temperature in the Bali Region. The effect of two operating parameters of a split AC system, namely the condensing temperature in the condenser and the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the evaporator, on the compressor performance and energy performance of the AC system is simulated. Thermodynamic simulation results show the strong influence of condensing temperature and evaporation temperature on compressor performance and overall energy performance of the split AC system. It was found that for 1 °C increase in condensing temperature, the compressor power increased quite significantly around 2.1%, the cooling capacity of the split AC system decreased by 1.8%, COP and EER also decreased by 3.9%. Meanwhile, for 1 °C increase in evaporation temperature, it was found an increase in compressor power consumption of around 0.31%, an increase in cooling capacity of 4.4% and an increase in COP and EER of 4.1%. The results of this thermodynamic study also show that the split AC system performance using R-32 refrigerant has a very good COP range from 3.27 to 5.95 with the implication that R-32 refrigerant has the potential to be a refrigerant for a split AC system.

Kajian eksperimental pemakaian Hidrokarbon Musicool 22 sebagai pengganti R 22 untuk mesin pengatur udara AC split terhadap konsumsi listrik

The use of synthetic refrigerant R22 has been banned by the government which can cause damage to the ozone layer causing global warming effects. temperature (ΔT°C) of the evaporator during the test time at the time of the study. The method used in this research is to vary the refrigerant R 22 and Musicool 22 with a pressure variation of 60,70,80 Psi, the size of the room studied is 3x4x2,5 m and Split AC Changhong, LG, and Panasonic with 1 PK power. Research results it can be seen that each brand of Split AC has a different effect of electricity consumption, the lowest and highest electricity consumption at a pressure of 60 and 80 Psi. Musicool 22 refrigerant is more energy efficient than R22. It can be seen that each brand of Split AC has the effect of the temperature difference (ΔT°C) of the evaporator, which differs the highest at a pressure of 60 and 80 Psi. Musicool 22 refrigerant is more suitable for LG and Changhong brands.

Analisis Laju Penurunan Temperatur di Dalam Ruangan Menggunakan AC Low Watt 0,5 HP

Heat absorb ability split AC is the most important factor in the cooling speed on room temperature. The rate of temperature drop is determined by many factors, including compressor power. Nowadays, there are many Split AC are produced that have low power (low Watt), so that research is needed to determine the cooling speed in a room.
 This study uses a low watt split AC with a power of 0.5 HP. The distance from the evaporator and the outside temperature are used as independent variables, while the rate of temperature reduction or cooling speed in the room is used as the dependent variable. The results showed that the distribution of room temperature and the rate of temperature reduction in the room varied based on the position of the distance to the location of the AC Split Low Watt. The lowest temperature and reduction rate in the room occurs at a distance of 2 m and 3 m in front of the AC location. The outside temperature or the temperature around the location of the AC condenser affects the temperature distribution at each distance in front of the AC. When the outside temperature is low, the temperature conditions at a distance of 1 m, 4 m, and 5 m have a significant difference. While the high outside temperature conditions, the temperature at a distance of 1 m, 4 m, and 5 m, namely the positions close to the wall, is almost the same.
 
 Kata kunci: AC, split, low watt, evaporator

Analisa Perbandingan Performansi AC SPLIT Konvensional Dengan AC SPLIT Tenaga Surya

Currently, the world's energi needs are still dominated by depleting fossil fuels, where the largest consumption produced from these fossils is electrical energi. For tropical country conditions, on average, every house and in city buildings use split AC as a tool to condition the room so that it feels comfortable for its residents. Where about 60% utilize electrical energi. In this study, split AC uses solar power as an alternative to electrical energi by using a solar photovoltage (PV) system as a medium for absorbing solar radiation to be converted into electrical energi in split AC. The goal is that the use of solar radiation is able to reduce the use of electricity from PLN, which so far requires a large amount of money. The research method begins by making a model of a device that is modified by an electric panel on a split AC connected to an inverter to convert DC to AC current from the PV cell. From the use of solar cells as electrical energi then the test results are compared with conventional split AC. The results obtained from the conventional split AC test can be seen that the efficiency is 85% while the solar-powered split AC has an efficiency of 73%, but for the use of electrical power that operates for 2 hours on a solar-powered split AC, it is more efficient with a power of 376 Wh per day.

The Optimization of Building Energy Consumption in Universitas Negeri Padang Using Building Energy Simulation Program

Energy consumption of a building is one of the biggest sources of energy use today. Green Building Comitte Indonesia (GBCI) has launched a concept of energy consumption saving in a nationally standard building. Audit Building energy audit is the way to know how actual building energy consumption is and find alternative solution to decrease energy consumption in order to fulfill the energy saving building criteria. Two types of HVAC systems will be run in the EnergyPlus simulation, split AC and central AC. The previous research proved that central AC is better than split AC system for energy saving in the building with 20 floors. The simulation results show that by using a certain energy system, a more efficient energy system will be achieved and can still maintain the comfort of the room at a temperature of 24 °C and relative humidity according to the Green Building Indonesia standard reference.