Spiritual Well-being Of Patients Research Articles

The Effects of Symptom Distress and Depression on Quality of Life in Patients With Terminal Cancer: The Mediating Role of Meaning in Life and Spiritual Well-being.

Terminal cancer patients experience worsening physical symptoms, psychological challenges, and spiritual difficulties. Improving the quality of life (QOL) and reconstructing the meaning of life (MIL) for these patients ensure a dignified end-of-life experience. Spiritual well-being is necessary to promote effective end-of-life coping strategies. This study aimed to construct and verify the suitability of a model that explains the impact of physical and psychological factors on the QOL of patients with terminal cancer using MIL and spiritual well-being as mediating factors. The participants were patients with terminal cancer 25 years or older hospitalized in 40 nationally designated hospices. A total of 172 patients were included in the final analysis. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. In the effect analysis of the final model, the variables affecting QOL were depression (β = -.62, P < .001), symptom distress (β = -.33, P = .001), and spiritual well-being (β = .36, P = .002), and a significant indirect effect of MIL was found in the depression-MIL-spiritual well-being and depression-MIL-QOL paths. Spiritual interventions that help people find their MIL can serve as an important component of optimal hospice and palliative care for patients with terminal cancer. In clinical practice, interventions that increase the MIL and spiritual well-being of patients with terminal cancer are needed. Additionally, the practice will see other benefits including enhanced patient care, psychological support, effective treatment planning, family caregiver support, and further research advancement.

Spiritual Well-Being of Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy in Yogyakarta

Background: In order to provide holistic care and advance spiritual well-being, it is essential to identify and meet the patient's spiritual well-being. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the spiritual well-being of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Yogyakarta. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional approach with a sample of 50 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at the One Day Care (ODC) oncology clinic, a private hospital in Yogyakarta, which was taken using a purposive sampling technique. The measurement tool used is the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) questionnaire which consists of 20 items. Data analysis in this study used descriptive statistics and cross tabulation to determine the comparison between spiritual well-being of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy based on their demographic characteristics. Results: Spiritual well-being has a higher score in patients who are female (92.53±10.49), have higher education (92.67±10.84), are widowers/widows (97.00 ± 4.24), receive treatment of the partner (93.81 ± 10.30), and had stage III disease (92.88 ± 9.54). Conclusion: An accurate assessment of spirituality in patients can be a clinical guide in establishing nursing diagnoses of spiritual distress or readiness to improve spiritual well-being.

Improving Spiritual Well-Being of Polish Pain Outpatients: A Feasibility Mixed Methods Study.

Introduction: A physician in a chronic pain treatment clinic must recognize that the relationship between pain and spirituality is bidirectional. Chronic pain can decrease the level of spiritual well-being, and low spiritual well-being can also significantly intensify the perception of pain and worsen coping with it. Currently, for many scientific and medical communities, it is evident that spiritual care is an indispensable element of holistic medicine. Objective: The authors developed a non-religious spiritual care model provided by a physician at a chronic pain treatment clinic from May 2022 to February 2024. Method: The study utilized a mixed-method approach to conduct the research. The analysis consisted of twelve patients. A FACIT-Sp-12 questionnaire evaluated the individual's spiritual well-being before the intervention. The intervention involved asking patients open-ended questions about their life history, experiences, and spiritual beliefs and the physician's use of active listening and empathetic responses to what patients shared (relationship-building activities). The intervention aimed to assist patients in accepting the limitations of an incurable chronic disease, affirming the value of their lives, enhancing inner harmony, and increasing their sense of belonging to something greater. After the intervention, a re-assessment of the patient's spiritual well-being was conducted using the FACIT-Sp-12 questionnaire. Researchers collected qualitative data through a confidential survey that included the following instructions: "Please express an anonymous opinion on how you perceive the spiritual care provided by the physician". Results: There was an increase in spiritual well-being, assessed using the FACIT-Sp-12 scale, in 9 out of 12 patients. The median, as well as the average, level of spiritual well-being increased in a statistically significant way after the intervention (p < 0.05). This was primarily due to the higher value of the peace subscale of the questionnaire. Qualitative analysis revealed benefits reported by patients (personal development, gratitude, satisfaction, support, hope) resulting from physician's actions. Conclusions: Both qualitative and quantitative data showed that establishing a relationship with the doctor improves the spiritual well-being of patients. Therefore, this model can be recommended for physicians in chronic pain treatment clinics.

A single-arm pilot of MyInspiration: a novel digital resource to support spiritual needs of patients undergoing cancer-directed surgery

PurposeThis study aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and satisfaction associated with the MyInspiration intervention, a digital spiritual support tool for patients undergoing cancer surgery. Additionally, we evaluated changes in spiritual well-being and the ability to find meaning in their experience with cancer before and after the intervention.MethodsThis was a prospective, single-arm pilot study. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed by ratio of participants who completed all assessments among individuals who had signed consent forms. Satisfaction was assessed with 5 Likert-style questions around user experience. Patient spiritual well-being and finding meaning in their experience with cancer were measured at baseline and post-intervention.ResultsForty patients were enrolled, the majority of whom were female (80.0%) and diagnosed with breast cancer (52.5%), with an average age of 54.4 years (SD = 13.7, range 29.0–82.0). Regarding feasibility and acceptability, 76.9% of patients who consented to participate completed the full study protocol. In assessing satisfaction, 59% of patients were satisfied with the overall experience of MyInspiration. There was no difference in spiritual well-being pre-/post-intervention. There was a difference in pre (M = 1.95, SD = .95) and post (M = 2.23, SD = .86) scores relative to “finding meaning in the cancer experience” with a mean difference of 0.28 (p = 0.008).ConclusionMyInspiration was feasible and acceptable to patients, and the majority were satisfied with the tool. The intervention was associated with changes in patients’ ability to find meaning within their cancer experience. A randomized control trial is needed to evaluate the efficacy of the tool in a broader population of patients with cancer.

Psychosocial symptoms associated with spiritual well-being in Latino patients and caregivers coping with advanced cancer.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among hopelessness, anxiety, and depression, with spiritual well-being in patients and family caregivers. A cross-sectional survey was administered to patients (n = 57) and caregivers (n = 57) that incorporated assessments that measured spiritual well-being, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, quality of life, family relationship, burden, fatalism, religiosity, and distress. Logistic regression and cross-tabulation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between hopelessness, anxiety, and depression, with spiritual well-being. Logistic regression was used to quantify the impact of spiritual well-being on anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Additionally, cross-tabulations with chi-square tests were conducted to explore associations between severity of hopelessness and severity of anxiety and depression. Logistic regression analyses showed negative associations between spiritual well-being and mental health outcomes, although not all findings were statistically significant. Among caregivers, a significant negative relationship was observed for depression (B = - 0.161, p = 0.022). Hopelessness also exhibited a negative association with spiritual well-being among caregivers (B = - 0.099, p = 0.054) and patients (B = - .152, p = 0.038). Cross-tabulations highlighted significant associations in the severity of hopelessness symptoms with anxiety and depression levels among caregivers (p < .001). Results reveal a relationship among psychosocial symptoms among Latino patient-caregivers coping with cancer. By emphasizing spiritual well-being, hopelessness, and anxiety and involving family patients and caregivers in the treatment process as a unit of care. Also, it indicates the need to develop culturally tailored interventions that aim to provide valuable assistance to Latino patients and caregivers coping with cancer.

The role of the multidisciplinary team in decision-making at the end of life: an analysis of integrated palliative care management

The text highlights the importance of palliative care management in improving the quality of life and comfort of patients in the advanced stages of incurable or potentially terminal diseases. The multidisciplinary team, made up of professionals from various fields, plays an essential role in providing integrated care and making well-founded decisions considering various aspects. This team assesses the physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs of the patient and their family, developing a personalized care plan that aims to relieve pain, promote comfort, dignity and improve quality of life in this delicate phase. Healthcare professionals work together, sharing information, discussing cases and offering mutual support, which enables more informed and collaborative decision-making, taking into account medical, ethical and emotional aspects. In addition, the multidisciplinary team provides emotional support for both patients and their families, helping them to face challenges and make difficult decisions. Integrated palliative care management is patient-centered, seeking to meet patients' individual needs and promote well-being in all areas of life. In the context of palliative care at the end of life, the multidisciplinary team plays a key role, offering support, knowledge and diverse perspectives to help make informed decisions and promote the physical, emotional and spiritual well-being of patients and their families.

Correlation between symptom status, health perception, and spiritual well-being in heart failure patients: A structural equation modeling approach.

To explore predictors of spiritual well-being behaviors among heart failure patients based on Wilson and Cleary's conceptual model of health-related quality of life and to clarify the interrelationships among these variables. A descriptive and correlational study design was used. This study included 202 heart failure patients treated between October 2020 and July 2021. Data were collected using the Symptom Status Questionnaire-Heart Failure, Perception of Health Scale, and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Descriptive analysis, correlation, and structural equation modeling were performed. Characteristic factors positively affected spiritual well-being both directly (β = 0.19, p = 0.007) and indirectly (β = 0.19; CI (0.106; 0.311)). The direct relationship between health perception and spiritual well-being was significant (β = 0.83, p < 0.05). Symptom status acted as an essential mediator between model variables and spiritual well-being (β = -0.28; CI (-0.449; -0.133)). Comorbidity and symptom status also influence spiritual well-being through health perceptions. These variables explain 77% of the variance in spiritual well-being. The modified structural equation modeling based on Wilson and Cleary's conceptual model fits well in predicting spiritual well-being in patients with heart failure. Spiritual well-being was reported to be poor, and changes in spiritual well-being were predicted by age, educational level, marital status, comorbidity, symptom status, and health perception. The results can be applied to patients with heart failure and may serve as a guide for assessment and interventions for improving spiritual well-being. This study mainly concludes that symptom status and perceived health status affect spiritual well-being in heart failure patients. Symptom relief and improvement in perceived health status interventions may help enhance spiritual well-being in this population. Future studies are needed to investigate the different predictor's effects on spiritual well-being and examine whether symptom management and health status-enhancing interventions result in improved spiritual well-being in the heart failure population. This study was reported following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for cross-sectional studies. No patient or public contribution.

Development and Validity and Reliability of an Instrument to Assess Patient's Spiritual Well-Being.

Spiritual care is not limited to palliative care or end-of-life care. The spiritual well-being of patients also needs to be taken into account in the multidisciplinary healthcare system of whole person care. For medical institutions providing spiritual care, it is necessary to develop a tool for clinical spiritual care providers to assess patient's spiritual well-being of. The purpose of this study was to construct a questionnaire that would allow spiritual care providers or pastors to assess the spiritual well-being of patients. The study combined qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research used in-depth interviews or focus groups with patients and family members to obtain textual data. The text was analyzed by Colaizzi analysis. The researchers constructed the Patient's Spiritual Well-Being Scale (PtSpWBS) from the themes obtained through qualitative analysis. Through the participation of 661 patients, quantitative research was conducted to analyze the reliability, validity and component analysis of the PtSpWBS. Through qualitative research, it was found the spiritual needs of patients had two domains, namely spiritual awareness and spiritual dynamics. Based on this result, a 15-question PtSpWBS was designed. Cronbach's alpha was used to check the reliability of the PtSpWBS, and the internal consistency was calculated with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.899. The Bartlett's Test of Sphericity of the PtSpWBS reached a significant difference (p<0.0001), and the KMO value of sampling appropriateness was 0.900. The three components were spiritual health, religion connection, and spiritual awareness. A PtSpWBS score ≦ 41 indicated the patient had poor spiritual well-being. The study constructed the PtSpWBS for clinical spiritual care providers to evaluate spiritual well-being of patients; this questionnaire has good reliability and validity. The PtSpWBS can be truly used by departments that specialize in providing spiritual care in medical institutions to conduct spiritual well-being assessment.

Dignity and Dignity Therapy in End-of-Life Care.

Preserving dignity is a significant concern for individuals approaching the end of their lives, as they face an increasing number of conditions that can potentially compromise their dignity. This article discusses dignity therapy as one intervention method aimed at enhancing the psychological and spiritual well-being of patients with terminal illnesses. Dignity therapy is an empirically supported therapeutic intervention that interviews patients with nine questions about what is important to them and what they want to remember, culminating in the production of a document based on these conversations. This intervention serves as a valuable tool and framework, enabling clinical professionals to reflect on dignity. It also provides clinicians with a medium to connect with patients on a deeply human level.

The effect of physical and psychological symptoms on spiritual well-being and emotional distress in inpatient cancer patients.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of physical and psychological symptoms seen in inpatient cancer patients on spiritual well-being and emotional distress. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 98 cancer patients treated in oncology, haematology, and stem cell services at a university hospital between April and June 2022. Socio-demographic characteristic form, Karnofsky performance scale, Nightingale Symptom Assessment Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, distress thermometer and spiritual well-being scale were used to collect data. Statistical analyses were made by taking the descriptive features of the data. It was determined that 55.1% of the patients were diagnosed with cancer for more than one year, 53.1% receiving treatment for more than one year, 61.2% were diagnosed with haematological cancer, and 62.2% were treated only with chemotherapy. Cancer type (p<0.01), treatment (p<0.05) and Karnofsky scores (p<0.01) had an effect on the spiritual well-being and distress scores. It was determined that 39.8% of the patients were in the yellow zone of the distress thermometer, could not manage their stress well and needed psychological support. As the psychological symptoms of the patients increased, their spiritual well-being declined (r=-0.447, p<0.01), and as their physical (r=0.222, p<0.05) and psychological (r=0.311, p<0.01) symptoms increased, their distress scores increased. It is anticipated that identifying the problems that patients have and making interventions to solve those problems by oncology nurses would significantly contribute to the patient's spiritual well-being and emotional distress.

The relationship between self-care, spiritual well-being and coping strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the world. The most important underlying cause of death in diabetic patients is the lack of self-care and management. However, there is little known about the influence of coping strategies and spiritual well-being (SWB) on self-care in diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-care activities with coping strategies and spiritual well-being (SWB) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this descriptive-analytical study, we selected 236 patients with T2DM referred to the diabetes hospital clinics in the southwest of Iran. Inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with T2DM, with the age group ranging 20-80 years, literate, not suffering from severe and debilitating complications of diabetes and lacking acute psychological illness. Exclusion criteria included refusing to complete questionnaires and cognitive or emotional impairment. Instruments include the demographic questionnaire, Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, Lazarus and Folkman's Coping Strategies Questionnaire and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS; developed by Paloutzian and Ellison). To examine the relationship between variables, the Pearson correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used. The findings of this study on 236 patients with T2DM (53.25 ± 10.91) including 76 (32.2%) males and 160 (67.8%) females showed the majority of participants were female, the age group was between 41 and 60 years (68.22%), had a Diploma (63.98%), were insured (63.55%) and had a moderate economic situation (55.93%). There was a direct and significant correlation between self-care activities and coping strategies (r = 0.163, p < 0.05), and only a problem-focused coping strategy was considered as a predictor variable of self-care (p < 0.01). There was a direct and significant correlation between self-care and SWB (r = 0.385, p < 0.01). The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between self-care and the problem-focused dimension of coping strategies and SWB in patients with T2DM.

Spiritual Well-being, Diabetes Burden, Self-management, and Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Turkey: A Descriptive and Correlational Study.

Spiritual well-being is considered a significant factor in helping to manage chronic diseases and cope with the disease process. This descriptive-correlational study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being, diabetes burden, self-management, and among 300 outpatients with type 2 diabetes in Turkey. A significant relationship was found between the diabetes burden and self-management levels and the spiritual well-being of patients with diabetes (p < 0.005). Multiple linear regression analyses found that a high diabetes burden (ß = -0.106) decreased well-being, and high self-management increased well-being (ß = 0.415). Additionally, the results revealed that marital status, household members, performing daily life activities alone, hospitalization due to complications, diabetes burden, self-management, glycemic control, and blood lipid parameters explained 29% of the total variance in the spiritual well-being level. Accordingly, the present study recommended that health professionals should consider spiritual well-being to support disease management with a holistic approach to diabetes patients.

Spiritual Well-being in Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

As a significant health challenge, chronic disease can have critical spiritual consequences for patients. Therefore, the study of spiritual well-being as an aspect of health is essential buthas been less considered with regard tochronic diseases. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate spiritual well-being in patients with chronic diseases. For this purpose, in the initial search that was performed ofvalid databases, a total of 615 descriptive studies published between 2000 and 2018 were found. After carefully assessing these, only 24 studies were included in the review. Overall, the spiritual well-being of 3289 patients with chronic disease was investigated. This study showed that the total mean score of the spiritual well-being of patients with chronic diseases was 86.65 (P < 0.001, 95%, CI: 80.34-92.96), indicating a moderate level of spiritual well-being in these patients. Thus, patients with chronic diseases are recommended to consider spiritual consultation programs.

Expressive Arts Therapy Combined with Progressive Muscle Relaxation following Music for Perioperative Patients with Gynecological Malignancies: A Pilot Study.

Objective We aimed to assess the impact of an expressive arts therapy combined with progressive muscle relaxation following music on mental health (anxiety and hope) in patients with gynecological malignancies undergoing surgery. Methods This was a nonrandomized controlled trial. Eligible patients had a primary or recurrent gynecological malignancy scheduled to be treated with surgery. The intervention consisted of three sessions (preoperation, postoperation, and predischarge) during the perioperative period. Firstly, before starting the first session of intervention, all patients completed three questionnaires including a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), a Herth Hope Index (HHI), and a State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), and the intervention group patients also had to complete the SAI questionnaire again after completing the intervention. Secondly, after the second session of intervention, all patients completed the SAI questionnaire, with the intervention group completed the SAI questionnaire before the intervention. Thirdly, after the third session of intervention, all patients completed HHI and SAI questionnaires, with the intervention group completed the SAI questionnaire before the intervention. Also, to subjectively rate the benefit of expressive arts therapy, the intervention group additionally completed a separate, supplemental questionnaire. Results A total of 116 patients were enrolled and 110 included in the final analysis. No group differences were found for HHI scores between the intervention and control participants (Cohen's d = 0.19, P=0.31), although there was a substantial improvement in intervention participants' HHI scores compared to the standard care control participants. There was a statistically significant improvement in intervention participants' SAI from preintervention to postintervention of preoperation (Cohen's d = −0.23, P=0.002) and postoperation (Cohen's d = −0.34, P ≤ 0.001). However, no differences were observed for the predischarge period (Cohen's d = −0.09, P=0.118). Besides, a supplemental questionnaire indicated that 52 (98%) patients felt that expressive arts therapy was beneficial. Conclusions Expressive art therapy combined with progressive muscle relaxation under music may be of some effect on alleviating perioperative anxiety in patients with gynecologic malignancies. Therefore, further relevant studies with large samples and multicenters are urgently needed to provide a reliable evidence-based basis for perioperative psychological care of patients with gynecologic malignancies and to promote rapid recovery of patients. It is recommended that further art therapy studies to examine the impact of patient-tailored arts therapy interventions on spiritual well-being in patients with gynecological malignancies, especially in the perioperative period.

Spiritual well-being and its relationship with patient characteristics and other patient-reported outcomes in peritoneal dialysis patients: Findings from the PDOPPS.

Spiritual well-being (SWB), an individual's understanding of the meaning and purpose of life, may help patients with chronic or terminal illnesses cope with their diseases. This study aimed to assess SWB in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), as well as its relationship with patient characteristics and patient-reported outcomes (PRO). The data were obtained from questionnaires that formed part of the PD Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS). Measures used in this study were SWB scores derived from the WHO quality of life, spirituality, religiousness and personal beliefs (WHOQOL-SRPB) tool including 32 items from eight facets; physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores of the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10 (CES-D-10) scores, burden of kidney disease scores and functional status scores. Overall, 529 out of 848 participants (62%) completely responded to the questionnaires and were included in the analysis. Over two-thirds of PD patients (70%) had moderate or higher SWB scores. The SWB scores were significantly lower in patients with age >65 years and unemployed status. SWB scores positively correlated with higher PCS, MCS, burden of kidney disease scores and functional status scores, while negatively correlated with depression scores by CES-D-10 scale. Patients who reported significant depressive symptoms (CES-D-10 score ≥ 10) had significantly lower SWB scores. Better SWB was significantly associated with better health-related QOL (HRQOL) and the absence of depressive symptoms. SWB may be an essential consideration in the delivery of high-quality PD.

Social Support and Spiritual Well-Being of Patients With Esophageal Cancer Aged Over 50 Years: The Mediating Role of Rumination.

BackgroundSpiritual well-being plays an important role in helping patients cope with disease. Previous studies have investigated the association between social support and spiritual well-being, whereas few studies have explored the relationship in patients with esophageal cancer (EC), and the mechanisms behind this pathway have not been thoroughly examined.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the relationship between social support and spiritual well-being of Chinese patients with EC aged over 50 years and to analyze whether the relationship was mediated by rumination.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted with 197 EC patients. Participants completed the general information questionnaire, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Scale, the Chinese Event Related Rumination Inventory, and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS).ResultsResults demonstrated that social support of patients with EC aged over 50 years was positively correlated with spiritual well-being and deliberate rumination and negatively correlated with intrusive rumination; spiritual well-being was positively associated with deliberate rumination and negatively correlated with intrusive rumination. The effect of social support on spiritual well-being was partially mediated by deliberate rumination and intrusive rumination.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that interventions directed toward enhancing social support and deliberate rumination and reducing the level of intrusive rumination may help patients with EC aged over 50 years improve spiritual well-being.

Effects of family-oriented dignity therapy on dignity, depression and spiritual well-being of patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A randomised controlled trial

BackgroundEnhancing patients’ sense of dignity is the core element of high-quality palliative care. In Western countries, dignity therapy has shown promising positive effects on the sense of dignity and end-of-life experience. To apply this therapy in Chinese patients, a theory-driven, culturally relevant family-oriented dignity therapy was developed, guided by the Medical Research Council framework for complex intervention development. ObjectivesThis study examined the effectiveness of family-oriented dignity therapy in improving dignity-related distress, depression, and spiritual well-being in Chinese patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. DesignA randomised controlled trial. Settings and methodsPatients who were diagnosed with lung cancer and undergoing chemotherapy were recruited using convenience sampling from a cancer hospital in Changsha, China. A significant family caregiver of each patient was invited to participate. Patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate (N = 120) were randomly assigned to receive family-oriented dignity therapy (intervention group, n = 60) or attention (control group, n = 60). The Patient Dignity Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Spiritual Well-being Scale were used to assess dignity-related distress, depression, and spiritual well-being, respectively, at baseline and 1- and 4-week follow-up. A generalised estimating equation was used to analyse the intervention effects across the time points. ResultsCompared with the control group, the patients in the intervention group showed significantly greater reduction in existential distress (β: −1.372, 95% CI: −2.269, −0.472; p = 0.003) and depression (β: −3.430, 95% CI: −5.032, −1.829; p < 0.001) at week one, as well as significantly greater improvement in spiritual well-being at both week one (β: 3.705, 95% CI: 0.599, 6.811; p = 0.019) and week four (β: 4.939, 95% CI: 0.476, 9.401; p = 0.030). ConclusionsFamily-oriented dignity therapy has the potential to relieve existential distress and depressive symptoms and improve spiritual well-being. We expect our finding to impact research on family-oriented dignity therapy and enhance its effectiveness. We may also have an impact on nursing practice by providing a means to initiate conversations between nurses and the patients and family caregivers to relieve the psychosocial distress of patients during treatment.This study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR1900020806).

The Relationship Between Psychache and Suicide Risk With Spiritual Well-Being Levels of Patients Diagnosed With Depression.

BACKGROUND: Depression has long been accepted as a serious disability and burden globally, while suicide is a misunderstood and complex cause of death. Psychache is the psychological variable most strongly associated with suicidality. Spirituality is considered an important buffer against stressful events and may help people overcome distress and difficulties. AIMS: This study aims to determine how psychache and suicide risk are related to levels of spiritual well-being in patients with depression. METHODS: Data were collected using the Suicide Probability Scale, the Psychache Scale, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. The sample study consisted of 150 Turkish patients diagnosed with depression and receiving psychiatric care. RESULTS: It was found that higher level of spiritual well-being led to decreased risk of suicide and lower level of psychache. Suicide risk increased in parallel to the increasing levels of psychache (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that higher levels of spiritual well-being may promote a significantly lower risk of suicide and lower levels of psychache. Likewise, increasing levels of psychache may lead to an increase in suicide risk.

The Effect of COVID -19 Crisis on Hopelessness, Loneliness and Spiritual Well-Being of Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Turkey

This study aims to examine the relationship between the levels of hopelessness, loneliness, and spiritual well-being of patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes during the process of COVID-19 outbreak. The study was carried out with diabetic patients living in three different cities that are in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey between the dates of 15 of November and 30 of November 2020. The sample of the study consisted of 500 (Type 1, n = 218, Type 2, n = 282) diabetes patients. Data were collected using a demographic information form, Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS), and Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT–Sp). While the mean scores of hopelessness and loneliness of type 1 patients were below the moderate level, the mean scores of their spiritual well-being were found to be above the moderate level. Moreover, while the mean scores of hopelessness and loneliness in type 2 patients were below the moderate level, the mean scores of their spiritual well-being were found above the moderate level. A significant relationship was found between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes patients' levels of hopelessness, loneliness, and spiritual well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak. It was found that as the spiritual well-being levels of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients increased, the levels of their loneliness and hopelessness decreased. It is recommended that mass communication that includes spiritual care practices can be used effectively to reduce diabetes patients’ levels of loneliness and hopelessness during the pandemic. In addition, while providing care to diabetes patients, it can be suggested that health professionals offer a holistic approach with initiatives that will increase diabetes patients’ spiritual well-being.

Examining the Relationship between Patient’s Spiritual Well-Being and the Nurse’s Spiritual Care Competence, in Southern Philippines

Background: Nurses and other healthcare providers must become culturally competent as well as culturally aware to meet the needs of culturally diverse patients. This descriptive inferential study investigated whether the patient's internal and external characteristics, as well as the nurse's spiritual care competency, influenced the patient's spiritual well-being. Methods: Descriptive correlation research design was utilized to capture information on the variables that were assumed to have an influence on the older persons’ spiritual well-being and to test the hypotheses concerning the existence of significant relationships between the variables under investigation. Three sets of questionnaires were answered by three separate groups of respondents: 117 older persons aged 60 years and older admitted in Amai Pakpak Medical Center in Marawi City, 117 family members, and 117 nurses providing care to the patients. Linear regression and path analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the nurse’s spiritual care competency was determined through the internal and external variables of the patient. Moreover, the patients’ satisfaction in spiritual nursing care as a mediating variable of spiritual well-being was dependent on the patient’s trust and the spiritual care competence of the nurse. Lastly, the spiritual well-being of the patient was significantly dependent on the spiritual care competence of the nurse and the patient’s satisfaction. Conclusion: To attain optimal spiritual well-being, the patient, the family, and the nurse must work together in a harmonious triumvirate relationship.