Spiritual Situation Research Articles

Formation of the System of Social Services to the Population

The current socio-economic, moral, psychological and spiritual situation in Kyrgyzstan is extremely contradictory and multifaceted. There is instability in the economy, a budget deficit is acutely felt, the number of people with incomes below the subsistence level is practically not decreasing, differentiation of the population by income is increasing, tension in the labor market is increasing, arrears in wages, pensions and social benefits are growing, trends of distress, including social deviations, are acutely evident. The current situation requires the state and non-governmental organizations, and public associations to take adequate measures, primarily in the area of developing the social protection system of the population and ensuring social security.

Episodes From The History Of The Activities Of Ptotestant Preachers In Western Armenia (End of the 19th century – beginning of the 20th century)

Beginning with the 14th century, Catholic and Protestant preachers appeared in Ottoman Turkey. However, unlike the representatives of other nations, the propaganda of the new doctrine was accepted mainly by the Armenians, which was conditioned by the awful socio-political, economic and spiritual situation of Armenia. Protestant preachers used the plight of Christians, particularly Armenians, for the realization of their religious-political goals and interests2. They were the ones who for the first time encouraged the idea among Armenians that Europe and the Pope could support the liberation of Armenia, but only on the condition of accepting Catholicism or Protestantism. It was under their direct influence that the Armenian Catholicos traveled to a number of European countries in the 16th-17th centuries. From the beginning, the Protestant preachers were of the opinion that the Armenian Church operated applying an “idolatrous” system3. However, after long contacts with the people in the Western Armenian reality, their mentality gradually changed and they became closer to the Armenian Apostolic Church. Starting from the 50s of the 19th century, the Armenian Protestants were recognized as a separate community by the Ottoman state and a separate diocese was established for them. After the Protestant preachers settled in Constantinople, they started to open branches in the provinces as well4. One such branch was also established in Van.

Женская преступность как отдельный вид общей преступности

A criminological study of female crime was carried out, taking into account the analysis of its components, current trends and processes, and causes. The scientific community and the public, one way or another, have always paid attention to the problem of female crime. This issue was covered in their works by scientists in the field of criminal law, criminology, penal law and other legal sciences, as well as philosophers, sociologists, teachers, psychiatrists, revealing the theoretical and practical essence of the problem of criminal behavior of women. The purpose of the study is a criminological assessment of female crime, an analysis of the main directions of scientific research into legal policies regarding women, the potential consequences of the use of new developments and technologies and their possible impact on social relations in the future. As a result of the study, it was established that the structure and state of female crime acts as an indicator of the moral, spiritual situation in society, the attitude towards basic human values, which predetermines the need for further research into female crime.

Русская Православная Церковь в мультикультурном государстве: пример Австралийского Союза

The article gives a brief description of the spiritual situation in the Australian Union. The first OrthodoX liturgies were served by the ship's priests for the sailors who made round-the-world voyages. Stationary churches arose in the first third of the 20th century, when a significant number of refugees from Russia moved to Australia. The flourishing of Orthodoxy on Australian land is associated with the establishment of communist power and the beginning of the persecution of Christians in China. Many Russians who settled there after the revolution of 1917 were forced to once again look for a safe place to live. Currently, there are OrthodoX churches in all major cities of Australia. OrthodoX communities are active in spiritual and educational activities and include not only the descendants of Russian immigrants, but also representatives of other nationalities.

Мир счастья человека и его философские истоки

The subject of this research is various ideas about happiness in the history of philosophy. Happiness is a concept of a special kind, the importance of which in motivating human activity is extremely great. The subject arouses a constantly renewed interest among philosophers, psychologists, educators, sociologists and other specialists throughout the foreseeable intellectual history of mankind from Antiquity to the present day. All people strive for happiness, understanding it as a guarantee of a prosperous existence, but they put the most diverse meaning into this concept. Happiness has always been the most important motive of human actions, therefore it is necessary to clarify the actual content of this phenomenon in the conditions of the modern spiritual situation of the time of the confrontation of cultures and civilizations. The purpose of the work is an attempt to analyze from the historical and philosophical positions the intellectual and emotional-spiritual state of a person in which he feels happy. Each historical epoch put forward its own ideals, so intellectuals offered new formulas of happiness. The philosophical origins of the concept of happiness investigated in the article allow us to consider and substantiate its substantive aspect from various positions (theological, social, psychological). The methodological basis is the general scientifi c methods of cognition (historical, system-structural and dialectical, due to the complexity and internal inconsistency of the subject) in combination with the philosophical and anthropological approach. The main method of research is the historical-deductive method, a method of comparative analysis of philosophical approaches to solving the problem of happiness in various historical epochs. In conclusion, the authors assert that happiness is a deeply experienced complex integral physical, mental, intellectual, social and spiritual state that depends on the person himself. A person’s happiness is himself, his life created by him, in which all the acquired values of culture fi nd their true place and meaning. The results of the study can be used in the process of educating young people and teaching philosophy and humanities in various educational institutions.

The manifestation of Christian attitudes in the anthropology of Marcus Aurelius

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the anthropological attitudes of Marcus Aurelius, formed as a result of the mutual influence of Roman Stoicism and early Christianity. The purpose of this work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the late Stoic and Christian axiology, ethics and demonstrate their relevance in the modern era of postmodernist value disorientation.Materials and Methods. The material of the study is the writings of Marcus Aurelius, the New Testament canonical epistles, the works of Christian apologists of the first centuries, as well as the works of contemporary domestic and foreign authors devoted to the spiritual situation in the Roman Empire during the reign of Marcus Aurelius, the moral foundations of Roman stoicism; anthropological, ethical ideas of the ancient philosopher associated with Christian thought; the views of early Christian authors on the worldview of the emperor and Roman stoicism. The author relied on civilizational and dialectical approaches, used methods: hermeneutic, analytical, synthesis, generalization, reconstruction of philosophical views, comparative historical.Results. As a result of the work done, it was found that the essentially Christian anthropological, axiological ideas of Marcus Aurelius (the essence of man, his path in history and posthumous fate, ethical constants) were formed as a result of a bilateral influence: stoicism on the formation of Christian doctrine in the I-II centuries, Christianity - on the worldview of the thinker. Being a persecutor of Christians, the philosopher on the throne unconsciously embodied the goals pursued by the young religion.Discussion and Conclusions. The author managed to carry out a comparative analysis of the anthropology, ethics and axiology of Marcus Aurelius and early Christianity. The study convincingly showed that the demarcation between ancient pagan antiquity and medieval Christianity accepted in philosophical science is conditional. The chronological definition of these historical periods is also conditional. This interpenetration of eras is confirmed by the enormous influence of Roman stoicism on the formation of Christian apologetics, as well as the anthropological, ethical and axiological attitudes of the Roman Stoic Marcus Aurelius congenial to Christianity.

INFLUENCE OF STATE-CHURCH RELATIONS ON THE PROCESS OF CIVIL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND FORMATION OF NATIONAL FORMS OF POLITICAL POWER

The article examines the peculiarities of state-church relations that are formed in the process of legitimizing civil society. It is substantiated that the 21st century, like the last 20th century, forces us to search for a new format of state-church relations ‑ in the context of international relations, modern globalization challenges, and the development of the latest communication and information space. This, of course, prompts a new assessment of the status of religion and the church in the modern political system and the state based on equality, taking into account the unsuccessful experience in the Soviet past of perceiving the church as an enemy of man and, at best, a secondary or auxiliary element in state-building processes. There is an increased interest of the Christian community in direct participation in social life, the formation of civil society and the establishment of a democratic and legal state. The church, as an institution, is quite different from the state, exerting its influence not only on the spiritual situation in Ukraine, but also trying to doctrinally intervene in political life and taking responsibility for determining the civilizational perspective of the state’s development.

Ego-discourse of the Ukrainian sixtiers as an image on the epoch of liberated freedom

The article highlights a set of problems of ego-documents (diaries, epistolary, etc. of Ivan Dziuba, Les’ Tanyuk, Ivan Svitlychny, Iryna Zhylenko, Valery Shevchuk, Mykhailyna Kotsyubynska, Svitlana Kyrychenko, etc.) in the discourse of the Ukrainian sixtiers. It is emphasized that these documentary testimonies with a powerful factor of subjective “I” reflect a slice of the era of “liberated freedom”, when the debunking of Stalin’s cult of personality and Khrushchev Thaw led to a new generation of Ukrainian intellectuals, more broadly – of the Ukrainian sixtiers. This was a new stage in the social and socio-cultural transformation of Ukrainian society in the conditions of sub-imperial Ukraine and the attempts of dissidents to free themselves from this enslavement. The open dialogue with a specific addressee or appeals to the addressee of imaginary ego-discourse, the “spiritual situation of the day” is presented because of confession. The period was the middle or second half of the 20th century. The research focus is on the unconquered human self in complex transformational, often borderline (further harassment, arrests, exile) conditions.

О творческих истоках рильковских концептов «вещь» и «фигура»

The central concepts of Rilke’s things and figures are considered in connection with the ethical and aesthetic attitudes of Rilke, which were formed in the spiritual situation of Jugendstil, which expressed the aesthetic will to return the personality to the integrity of the life world as a unity of nature and culture and thus overcome the loneliness and fear of the personality of the modern era. The thing is experienced by Rilke as an intermediary between man and the world in its deep foundations. The poetics of Dinggedicht is shown as the poetics of revealing the phenomenon of a thing in the contexts of the existential experience of a large continuum of human culture.

Участие С.Л. Франка в Восьмом международном философском конгрессе в Праге

The article examines the role that Czechoslovakia played in S.L. Frank’s life and phi­losophical path, especially the famous “Russian Action” initiated by President T.G. Masaryk. The previously unknown publications of Franck published in Czechoslo­vakia are established, due to which the bibliography of the philosopher is enriched. We made an attempt to establish the reasons why Frank ultimately refused to move to Prague, despite numerous invitations from other Russian emigrants. A special place is devoted to Frank’s participation at the Eighth International Congress in Prague, which took place in 1934. On the basis of archival materials, we consider the circumstances of Frank’s in­vitation to the congress, the contents of his lecture “The Present Spiritual Situation and the Idea of Negative Theology” held on September 5, 1934, in the “Religion and Philoso­phy” section, and Frank’s speech in the discussion with the Dutch philosopher H.J. Pos. The general historical and philosophical context of S.L. Frank’s talk at the Congress is re­constructed, taking into account the sociopolitical situation of the 1930s. In addition, the reception of Frank’s report by Russian thinker on the basis of remarks on his lecture as well as his own texts, which represent a review of the Eighth International Congress, is considered.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧН ІВИТОКИ КОРУПЦІЇ

Considering the fact, that the vast majority of research on corruption is carried out in the field of law and economics, the purpose of this article is to single out the psychological origins of corruption, which are directly related to the problem of the effectiveness of overcoming it. A deep interrelationship of existential and psychological factors of corruption, which in the context of the spiritual situation of society act as synonyms, has been established. It is noted that in modern studies of corruption, there is a tendency to consider this phenomenon as a "problem of macropsychology", which not only reveals its social, political, and economic aspects, but also sees in it a general spiritual and civilizational problem. It is emphasized that corruption occurs at the intersection of economic, existential and psychological factors. The theoretical approaches of philosophers and psychologists (A. Bandura, E. Fromm, J. Lypovetsky, etc.) to the study of the nature of modern consumer society and the spiritual sense of well-being of a person in such a society are analyzed. Emphasized is the position that excessive consumption acts as a compensator for anxiety. The need for this type of consumption comes from a feeling of inner emptiness, hopelessness, mental confusion, and tension. The direct connection between consumption and spiritual instability of a person is emphasized. The relentless growth of needs while minimizing ethical regulators stimulates the finding of various (unethical and illegal) forms of meeting these needs, which opens a wide path for corruption. It is noted that consideration of the psychological mechanisms of the formation of corrupt behavior contributes to a deeper penetration into the essence of this phenomenon; and the psychological analysis of corruption reveals its important aspect, which is rooted in dependence on consumption. Such a spiritual illness of modern society contributes to the development of corrupt motives and, accordingly, corrupt acts. Three main psychological origins of corrupt behavior are singled out: deprivation; frustration and deviance. Moreover, it is stated that the study of corruption within the framework of deviantology gives the greatest positive effect, because in this case, the negative methods of fighting corruption can be opposed by a positive method.

Crime and corruption prevention objects

Under today’s conditions, humanity and all social and state formations, including Ukraine, as part of the world order, is experiencing many changes: we are in a radically new political, economic, spiritual and ideological situation compared to the end of the twentieth century; its main features are socio-economic stagnation, political, cultural, educational and moral-psychological uncertainty, activation of old and the emergence of new stressors at the level of both individual and group (and even mass) consciousness. The complexity and contradictions of socio-economic and political development of our country necessitate the theoretical understanding and development of scientifically sound tools with which to make more effective the process of social interaction, non-criminogenic development of society, crime prevention and counteraction. Without theoretical knowledge that directly serves a specific state-building practice, it is impossible to fulfill a strategic task - to build a democratic state and civil society in Ukraine. Scientists rightly point out that the current criminal situation is characterized by new types of crime, dynamism of development, unpredictability of changes, spread of organized forms and professionalism and the inability of the state to resist corruption necessitates the effectiveness of the fight against crime. The purpose of this article is to study the objects of crime and corruption prevention, to determine their essential characteristics and to separate them from other objects of social reality. The methodological basis of the work is the dialectical method, the application of which allows to study the object and subject of research in their epistemological unity, relationship, as well as differences. The technique used in writing the article consists of several basic methods of scientific knowledge. Using the historical method, historical and general theoretical questions of the essence of the object of crime prevention and corruption are clarified. The use of methods of analysis and synthesis made it possible to separate the objects of prevention from other objects of social reality - this was also facilitated by the use of the structural-functional method. These methods also allowed to investigate the theoretical views on the nature and elements of the object of crime and corruption prevention. The logical-semantic method was used to determine the relationships and mutual influences of crime prevention and corruption objects with other objects. Scientific abstraction and generalization of scientific and theoretical information as a process of establishing general properties and signs, allowed to reach and formulate final conclusions on the subject of research. Based on the considerations set out in the article, it can be noted that the objects of preventive influence on the prevention of crime and corruption are negative phenomena and processes of reality of material or spiritual nature, which lead to causes and conditions conducive to crime. This should keep in mind the properties that are common to such objects, namely: criminogenicity; dynamism; potentiality; latency. Separate objects are objects of victimological influence. Information sources of various origins are covered, which testify to the origins of mass, group, individual victimization and the presence of dangerous victimhood at these levels, to which the theory and practice of victimological crime prevention are directed. , and the special objects of victimological prevention are social and psychological factors of victimization and victimhood as objects of preventive victimological influence at the individual level. Specific objects are the objects of influence in the prevention of corruption, which include: corruption-causing factors; corruption risks in the activities of public authorities, local governments, legal entities of public and private law and their officials; illegal behavior of officials and officials of public authorities and local governments. Thus, a deep and comprehensive knowledge of the nature of criminogenic objects, their scientific, historical and epistemological research will serve as a basis for understanding the danger of this social phenomenon and finding appropriate effective methods, tools and measures to influence it. The state must prevent crime by influencing certain criminogenic objects, which in essence will be the object of crime and corruption prevention at various levels of preventive activities – general social, special criminological, individual, as well as in the implementation of victim prevention measures

POSTMODERN AND NIHILISM (STRATEGIES OF CRITICISM OF NIHILISM IN THE PHILOSPHY OF J.-F. LYOTARD)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the theme of nihilism in postmodern philosophy on the example of one of its main representatives J.-F. Lyotard. Since F. Nietzsche, the term «nihilism» has been used by various theorists to describe the intellectual and spiritual situation of Western civilization in the era of modernity. The last decades of the twentieth century marked by the transition to a new cultural paradigm of postmodernity. But even in postmodernist theories, the topic of nihilism did not disappear, but gave rise to new strategies of comprehension and criticism. J.-F. Lyotard, a key theorist of postmodernity, at all stages of his work tried to understand how the nihilistic logic of the development of civilization in the «postmodern condition» has changed. The article reveals the philosophical and political response proposed by Lyotard to the challenge of the nihilistic suppression of life by the systems of capital, technoscience and repressive rationality.

MODELING AND FORECASTING THE NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED IN THE PERM REGION

This article is devoted to the study of changes in the main indicators of the level of the unemployed population. The dynamics of the officially registered number of unemployed aged 15–72 years is analyzed. The relevance of this work was that the problem of unemployment is a very important problem in our society. Without solving the problem of unemployment, it is impossible to find solutions to improve not only the economic, but also the moral, moral and spiritual situation in Russia. The purpose of this work was to build a forecast model for the development of the number of unemployed in the Perm Region. It is shown that there was a good correlation between the wages of employees, the number of the population, the growth of high-performance jobs, the cost of a fixed set of consumer goods and services, the age composition of the population older than the able-bodied, the migration growth of the population and the growth rate of the number of unemployed in the Perm Region. The analysis made it possible to construct a linear multivariate model and a model in the state space. It is shown that these models cannot be used to predict the number of unemployed, due to poor predictive properties (the sum of the squares of deviations for a linear multivariate model in this case is 0.295, for a model in the state space – 2.354). At the same time, a regression-differential model of the change in the number of unemployed aged 15–72 years in the Perm Region was built. The obtained data showed that for this model, the sum of the squared deviations is 0.091. This suggests that the regression-differential model best describes the number of unemployed people aged 15–72 years in the Perm Region. Based on the obtained model, a forecast of the distribution of the number of unemployed in the region under consideration for 2021 and 2022 was made. The results obtained indicate that there will be a positive trend in reducing the number of unemployed. Over 7 years, it will decrease by 21.8 %.

Sexuality and Gender Diversity in the Liberal Catholic Discourse in Poland in the Pastoral Perspective

Abstract One of the most important questions in the Roman Catholic Church is the question of sexual and gender diversity. Therefore, the article presents the results of qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the Catholic sociocultural periodical Więź (Bond) from 2007 to 2020, which is the leading forum for liberal Catholic debates in Poland. The goal was to analyze the period’s narration toward current Church’s instructions on sexuality and gender diversity. Five dominant postulates were identified in Więź: (1) a discussion about people with the need to revise their or the Church’s narration on and experience of sex and gender; (2) a reevaluation of the significance and consequence of sexual revolution in Poland; (3) an organization of the understanding of body, sex, sexuality, and gender; (4) a promotion of the idea of encounter; and (5) a settlement of cases of sexual abuse in the Church. The article concludes that the presence of social dialogue on sexuality and gender diversity in the current pastoral approach of the Church in Poland requires a suspension of moral judgment and an openness from Church with a strong traditional, and rigid viewpoint to better understand the difficult spiritual and social situation of people who live contrary to the moral teachings of the Church or whose views go against these teachings.

Socio-Adaptive Thinking of Searching for an Architectural Connection to Improve the Lives of Students with Special Physical Needs as a Special Kind of Philosophical Communication

An analysis of the spiritual situation in the modern, in particular the Western, world prompts the idea that a person's place in it is becoming increasingly uncertain and contradictory. This is especially evident in the context of various conflicts arising among people with disabilities due to infrastructure problems in educational institutions. It is obvious that disabled people and various categories of mentally and physically weakened people are a very significant part of our society, for which accessible and comfortable conditions of life and rehabilitation should be created. This requirement should be considered among the fundamental, and it should apply to many significant objects of the social infrastructure of modern cities, including their higher educational institutions. The major purpose of this article is to determine the ways of adapting the architectural environment of higher education institutions to the needs of persons with disabilities. The object of the research is the buildings and structures of higher education institutions. To achieve the goal of our research we have used a IDEF0 model in the context of achieving social adaptation and improving communication.

HEIDEGGER’S BEING, RAHNER’S GOD: IS THE QUESTION STILL RELEVANT OR ALREADY ANSWERED?

The secularized and rational-oriented mindset of the Western civilization does not preclude important elements of a religious worldview. The objective of the present study is to come to understand the role the categories of Being and God play in the present day spiritual situation. Heidegger’s and Rahner’s views are considered here within the prospective of the paradigmatic process. The latter marks the fading away of the classical understanding of God and search for new and divine meanings. Therefore I suggest considering some of the most significant motifs in the two philosophers’ reflection as regards the history of western civilization and our epoch in the context of the categories of God and Being. Among these motifs there are such attitudes as subjectivism, self-suggestion, disposal of beings, planetarism, oblivion of Being, loss of origins, groundlessness, alienation, situation of meaninglessness. It is due to these attitudes, especially owing to meaninglessness, that many people tend to raise again the issue of the concealed, the encompassing, God or Being. Or perhaps speaking about “Being” and “God” can be interpreted as something that leads to the oblivion of Being and to atheism. “Being” in Heidegger and “God” in Rahner single out the existential centre to which forms of life are related. Nowadays it is forgotten or even vanishes. “God” or “Being” hold everything together and confer meaning thereto.

Love Anchored in Unique Ways --Translation and Interpretation of Tujia Minority Ballads “Fourth Sister Huang” and “A Seven-inch-long White Copper Pipe”

Tujia Minority, a significant ethnic group in Enshi, Hubei province, P. R. China, has created numerous ballads with artistic and cultural connotations. This paper will concentrate on the outstanding representatives of Tujia minority ballads: <i>Fourth Sister Huang</i> --a love story between a noble girl and a mountain vendor, and <i>A Seven-inch-long White Copper Pipe</i>, which describes an ordinary life scene of a couple. After reviewing the research on the translation of China’s minority ballads, this paper translates the two ballads and interprets them from the perspectives of cultural study, exploring their temporal-geographical features, characters’ identities, cultural philosophical connotation, Enshi’s pipe and tobacco culture and affections between couples. “<i>Fourth Sister Huang</i>” reflects the material and spiritual situation in the embryonic stage of the commodity economy. With the provision of relatively abundant commodities, the young people at that time could pursue their true love tactfully as well as boldly. The couple in the “<i>A Seven-inch-long White Copper Pipe</i>” expressed their deep love by sharing the pipe, which shows the importance of tobacco and pipe in Tujia people’s daily life. Both ballads extol the beauty of love between man and woman and apply the technique of “transmitting emotions by objects”. The stories and characters portrayed in the ballads, as well as their acquaintanceship and expressions, typically represent local customs, historical evolution and traditional Confucian creeds.

«Духовная ситуация времени» как историко-философский диагноз эпохи

The article, based on the historical-philosophical methodology as a «theory of the historical-philosophical process», examines the topical topic of the spiritual situation of the time. This methodology was developed at the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University, and then at the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Faculty of Philosophy of the Ural State University (T. I. Oyserman, P. P. Haydenko, E. V. Ilyenkov, M. K. Mamardashvili, A. S. Bogomolov, V. S. Gorsky, Z. A. Kamensky, K. N. Lubutin). The authors of the article show that the «history of philosophy» does not represent knowledge of the past, but always turns into an occasion and a way to reflect on the prospects of modern humanity. Historical and philosophical research is a necessary step towards self-identification of the cultural community in any country. The opposition of scientism and anthropology in the 20th century as directions in philosophy, the use of historical and philosophical studies by K. Jaspers, F. Nietzsche and M. Heidegger to influence the actual ideological attitudes of contemporaries is analyzed. Carl Jaspers’ methodology, which is outlined in his works «The Spiritual Situation of Modernity» and «World History of Philosophy», where he shows the psychiatric diagnosis of the historical epoch, is considered. Martin Heidegger’s methodology, outlined in his later works: Machenschaft, a universal technological efficiency of everything from details to works of culture, biological tissues and human relations as projects by social engineers, is also used for the first time. The concept of «machinism» is considered on the material of the translation of M. Heidegger’s manuscript «The Vision of Meaning» which is first involved in the scientific circulation in Russian literature by the authors of the article. Separately, the main signs of machinism (such as: engineering thinking, technology, standardization, computerization, digitalization, universalization), the position of a person, his place and role in the «living machine». In times of machinism, a person is not yet ready to recognize himself as a machine, he understands himself as a living being and tries to assert himself, showing his feelings about survival. The conclusion concludes that the humanities always find themselves between standards on the one hand and on the other, they hear the voice of being. The role of the humanities is shown neither as a prevention of the omnipotence of scientific and technological progress, but as a non-standardization of education and culture. It is proposed to return to the history of philosophy as a theoretical science from the disordered empirical descriptions of the teachings of some philosophers by others by choice and taste without a vision of world philosophy as a whole.

"ВСЁ, ЧЕГО ОНИ КАСАЮТСЯ, ПЛАВИТСЯ": ХУДОЖНИК ШТРАУХ Т. БЕРНХАРДА И ИЕЗУИТ НАФТА Т. МАННА

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the images of the painter Strauch, the character in the novel by Th. Bernhard “Frost”, and the Jesuit Naphta, the character of Th. Mann’s “The Magic Mountain”. Such a research perspective is due to the fact that in the work of the Austrian and German classics many characteristic leitmotifs like the crisis of the subject and the search for the Self, the ambivalent being of the artist, the theme of rejection of a career, the theme of illness and death, all go back to those figures. A comparative analysis of the images of Strauch and Naphta allows shedding additional light on the specificity of Th. Bernhard’s reception of Th. Mann’s work, as well as expanding the idea of the artistic originality of the сharacter-“anti-educator” requested by the novel of the 20th century. While the differences between an artist and Jesuit are predominantly formal, their similarities reveal a conceptual systemic basis. Strauch and Naphta are related by Ungrund (groundlessness): both willingly appeal to the “prelogical”, both are prone to introversion, misanthropy and nihilism. It is emphasized that the internal conflict experienced by Strauch and Naphta allows them to feel much more subtly the drama of the “spiritual situation of time”. Without denying the self-destructive intellectual and ideological orientation of Strauch and Naphta, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to underline the cognitively constructive potential of their problematizing “pedagogy”.