Spiritual Legacy Research Articles

Suharwardia Sufi Order The Spiritual Legacy, Influence, Contributions & Connections of Shaikh Rukn-e-Alam in South Asia

Hazrat Shaikh Rukn-e-Alam was an admired Sufi saint belonging to the Suhrawardia order who was born in Multan in 1251 AD. He was the descendant of Hazrat Bahauddin Zakariya who was educated in the city of Baghdad & later started following Sheikh Shahab-ud-Din Sahurwardi. Sheikh Bahauddin was sent to Multan by his master for the spiritual guidance of the people. Shaikh Rukn-e-Alam carried on the legacy of his grandfather as an esteemed Sufi saint, known for his spiritual teachings and literary works. Shaikh Rukn-e-Alam was widely renowned for his kind-heartedness and empathy, miraculous healings and charitable deeds. After his death in 1334 AD, his disciples continued to promote his spiritual guidance marking a significant era in Sufi history in India. Shaikh Rukn-e-Alam, a respected Sufi saint significantly influenced his era by advocating for inclusiveness and compassion to foster unity among diverse groups of people. His close relationships with rulers (governors, kings, Sultans) like Alauddin Khilji, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq & Muhammad bin Tughlaq showcased a reciprocal bond of respect and influence as he assisted the underprivileged and settled conflicts. Despite engaging in political scheming, his relationship with Khwaja Nizamuddin Auliya prioritized spiritual unity over rivalry among the saints. The shrine of Shaikh remains a purposeful destination for pilgrims in Multan demonstrating the enduring impact of his legacy of compassion over the years. This research focuses on the lineage/ancestry, political involvement of this saint, connections with other saints and religious duties of the Suharwardia order specifically Shaikh Rukn-e-Alam.

THE THIRD RENAISSANCE MOVEMENT IN UZBEKISTAN

This article examines the periods of rapid development in science and culture in Central Asia, specifically the First and Second Renaissance periods and their essence. It also addresses the activities, exemplary lives, and unique works of the great thinkers who lived and worked during those times. The article provides analytical insights into the glorious history of Mavarannahr, the gradual decline of science in the region, the processes leading to the end of statehood, and their causes and consequences. It offers relevant information on the scientific study of the great past, the lives and spiritual legacy of the scholars of the First and Second Renaissance periods, and the historical foundation for the Third Renaissance, as well as its relevance to real life, along with appropriate conclusions and suggestions.

Sufism Studies from a Gender Perspective: The Role and Experience of Rabiah Al-Adawiyah in the Sufi Tradition

Abstract: This study explores the role and experiences of Rabiah al-Adawiyah in the Sufi tradition with a focus on gender perspectives. Rabiah, as one of the central figures in the history of Sufism, is known for her significant contribution to the development of Sufism teachings, especially in the concept of divine love (mahabbah) and spiritual asceticism. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of literature study to explore the poetry of a prominent Sufi woman, Rabiah al-Adawiyah, to understand how they responded to and shaped their views on spirituality in a context that is often dominated by male narratives. The research findings demonstrate that Rabiah not only enriched Sufi theology with a feminine perspective but also challenged gender stereotypes in Islamic spirituality. Rabiah al-Adawiyah emerges not only as an inspirational Sufi figure but also as a crucial symbol of women's spiritual potential within the Sufi tradition. Her contributions have left a profound spiritual legacy and continue to inspire contemporary discussions on equality and inclusivity in Islamic religious practice.

Abd al-Ḥayy al-Urdanwī and His Manuscript “Fatḥ al-Bayān Li Ḩuṣūl al-Naṣr Wa al-Fatḥ Wa alAmān”; An Introductory Study

Abd al-Ḥayy al-Urdanwī and his manuscript “Fatḥ al-Bayān Li Ḩuṣūl al-Naṣr Wa al-Fatḥ Wa al-Amān” represent a significant scholarly endeavor, delving into the realms of Sufism, Quranic exegesis, and Ottoman intellectual history. This manuscript, written in the 12th century Hijri, illuminates the scholarly rigor and spiritual depth of ʿAbd al-Ḥayy al-Urdanwī, a distinguished figure in the Geluti Sufi order. Born in Edirne and nurtured in a family renowned for its spiritual and scholarly contributions, ʿAbd al-Ḥayy was profoundly influenced by his father, ʿIbrāhīm Saajilī, and the broader Sufi teachings and practices of the Geluti tradition. His scholarly journey was marked by a deep engagement with Islamic sciences, leading to his authoritative role in the Geluti Sufi order. His manuscript, “Fatḥ al-Bayān,” serves as a testament to his scholarly and spiritual legacy, offering insights into the Quranic Surah al-Fath. The work encapsulates a blend of Quranic exegesis, spiritual reflections, and the sociopolitical milieu of the Ottoman era, aiming to bolster the morale and spiritual resolve of Muslims, especially during the military campaigns of Sultan Mustafa II. ʿAbd al-Ḥayy’s exegesis reveals his methodological adherence to the Hanafi school of thought, while also engaging with a wide array of Islamic scholarship. His work is characterized by a harmonious integration of Quranic exegesis, Hadith interpretations, and Sufi mysticism, reflecting a comprehensive approach to understanding and conveying the divine message. The scholarly value of “Fatḥ al-Bayān” extends beyond its immediate historical context, offering a window into the intellectual and spiritual landscape of the Ottoman Islamic scholarship. It stands as a monument to ʿAbd al-Ḥayy’s erudition, embodying the synthesis of rigorous Islamic scholarship and profound Sufi spirituality that marked the Geluti tradition. Through this manuscript, ʿAbd al-Ḥayy alUrdanwī’s legacy continues to enlighten and inspire, bridging the realms of the past and the present in the ongoing journey of Islamic intellectual and spiritual exploration.

Social networks and societal position are key drivers of the spiritual well-being of the parents of migrants in rural West Bengal

ABSTRACT India has been upholding the traditional custom of multigenerational co-residence and is well known for its spiritual legacy. However, the era of globalization and urbanization has reshaped family structures, with adult migration influencing older parents’ spiritual journeys. The study investigates the differences in spiritual well-being among parents of migrants and non-migrants and the influence of social-familial position and social network on spiritual well-being using a cross-sectional survey conducted by 500 elderly parents. The study revealed that the mean score of spiritual well-being was significantly lower among parents of migrants compared to parents of non-migrants. Social networks enhance the spiritual well-being of elderly parents considerably. Social networks enhance spiritual well-being, particularly for parents of migrants, to a greater extent than among parents of non-migrants. Moreover, the study found that household decision-making roles emerged as a significant predictor of spiritual well-being, with more substantial effects observed among parents of migrants compared to non-migrants. Policymakers and social services providers should focus on strengthening social network structures for elderly parents, especially for parents of migrants. This could foster more robust social networks and empower older individuals to participate in household decision-making processes, which will ensure better spiritual well-being in the context of adult-child migration.

India's knowledge system - A needed approach in NEP2020 to regain the deep roots of our nation- India

"Ingrained in India" is a significant idea established in the New Education Policy of 2020 as a critical component of new education in India. To support a comprehensive, inclusive, and culturally rich educational experience, this idea is weaved throughout the NEP. The phrase represents an educational philosophy that is closely linked to India's rich intellectual, historical, cultural, and spiritual legacy. "Ingrained in India" is a cornerstone of NEP 2020 and will have a significant impact on the composition and design of the upcoming educational framework. Groundedness in India is a deep idea that transcends simple political or geographic connections. It encompasses a profound kinship with the intricate web of Indian customs, values, knowledge, and spirituality as well as a feeling of eternal belonging. I shall examine the cultural, historical, philosophical, and spiritual foundations of Ingrained in India in this article as I dig into its many facets as understanding cultural diversity, Historical continuity, Understanding Spirituality and Philosophy of our country, and the importance of Inculcating Ethical and Moral values among our future generation.

The Philosophical Analysis Of The Spiritual Legacy Of The Azizuddin Nasafi

In the following article the philosophical analysis of the spiritual legacy of the Azizuddin Nasafi based on his views. Scholar’s views based on “Maqsad-ul aqsa”, “Kitab-ul-insan-ul kamil”, “Kashf-ul-haqaiq” are reflected derivesd from the sufi traditions.

Восприятие Блеза Паскаля и его наследия советской официальной культурой 1920–1930-х гг.

The perception of Blaise Pascal by the official Soviet culture of the 1920–1930s has not yet become the subject of a special study. At a new historical turn, the scientific and spiritual legacy of the French thinker was inevitably subject to revision. The authors set themselves the task of revealing the peculiarities of constructing the image of Pascal and interpreting his ideas in the society of mass intellectual culture. The main material for the article was information about Pascal, which a Soviet citizen could obtain from encyclopedic dictionaries, textbooks, popular science articles and periodicals. It is concluded that the personality and works of the French genius of the 17th century were important in arranging a dialogue between the new Soviet culture and traditional European culture in general, and the French culture in particular. In the 1920–1930s the “Soviet traditionalism” was emerging, i. e. the practice of the Soviet state to create boundaries of loyalty for traditionalism, which, first of all, affects intellectual culture. The European bourgeois culture and the specific case of Pascal were inscribed into the new coordinates. The “boundaries of loyalty” set for the legacy of the French genius brought to the fore Pascal the scientist and Pascal the philosophizing writer. The emphasis on the Descartes/Pascal opposition, which reflects the spiritual, philosophical, cultural and ideological conflicts of the new Soviet state, is meaningful. In this conflict, Pascal became a kind of “hidden man”, whose spiritual experience is disguised under the proclaimed atheistic mundanity. However, the essence of the internal structure of Pascal’s personality turns out to be close to the asceticism and anti-bourgeois nature of the Soviet culture. Pascal becomes a role model for the Soviet people in terms of shaping themselves on the path to a bright and just society.

Antonín Cyril Stojan (1851–1923) and the Union Congresses of Velehrad: New Documents from the Vatican Archives for a Better Understanding of His Legacy

On the occasion of the first centenary of the death of Antonin Cyril Stojan, Archbishop of Olomouc from 1921 to 1923, the article provides an original interpretation of some relevant aspects of his spiritual legacy. In analysing a number of documents kept in the Vatican Apostolic Archives (Archivio Apostolico Vaticano) and in the Archive of the Congregation for Oriental Churches (Archivio della Congregazione per le Chiese Orientali), the author outlines the peculiarity of Stojan’s contribution to the quest for unity among Christians. The organization of the seven Union Congresses of Velehrad, held from 1907 up to 1936, based on Stojan’s intuition, took place in a very difficult political and social context, including the First World War. Stojan showed how hope for a future good is not only linked to the present external conditions: it can be concretely cultivated in the forms granted by the age in which one lives. For this reason, even after his death, during the pontificate of Pius XI, the cycles of Congresses and moments of prayer and study of the Eastern Churches of the Byzantine liturgical tradition that Stojan had begun, continued. Regarding this original way of approaching interconfessional relations, some significant documents kept in the aforementioned Archives can shed light on two relevant dimensions of these cycles of Congresses, which remain faithful to the Catholic Church and rejecting proselytism as a means of spreading Catholicism.

Sumpa Khenpo Yeshe Peljor (1704–1788): Life and work of the Orate Buddhist scholar

The article analyzes life and work of a famous Oirat Buddhist scholar Sumpa-kenpo Yeshe Peljor (1704–1788). He was born in 1704 in Amdo, south of Lake Kokonor, in a family of Oirat Mongols. At the age of 7, he was recognized as a reincarnation of the abbot of Gonglung Monastery. In 1723 he went to study in Central Tibet at the Gomang-datsan of the Drepung Monastery. While studying in the dastan, he urged monks of the Lhasa monasteries not to join the army during the civil war of 1727-1728 between the provinces of U and Tsang. In gratitude for the service, the ruler of Tibet, Polhane, appointed him the abbot (khenpo) of the Dreyu Kyitse monastery, after which he became known as Sumpa-kenpo. In 1731, at the age of 28, he returned in Amdo. In 1735, he went to Beijing, the capital of the Qing Empire, at the invitation of Emperor Qianlong. The collection of works of Sumpa-kenpo comprose eight volumes and 68 compositions. The most among then are the “Pagsam-Jonsang” (Wish-fullfilling tree) and the “History of Kokonor”. His work alsos include numerous texts on philosophy, the art of making statues and thangka, medicine, astrology, poetics, correspondence, etc. From 1771, Sumpa-kenpo began to visit Mongolia. Sumpa-kenpo Yeshe Peljor became a key figure in the cultural renaissance of Amdo in the 18th century and the spread of Buddhism in Inner Mongolia. In 1788, Sumpa-kenpo Yeshe-Peljor died at the age of 85, leaving behind a rich sholarly and spiritual legacy.

La formazione fra creatività ed emergenze

The following considerations give an account of the discussion which took place within the board of the SIREF, in the light of the intellectual and spiritual legacy that Professor Umberto Margiotta left us. And it is on this basis that we acknowledged the great thematic context of Meta-cognition as central, both in pedagogical analysis and in educational practices in general. This, in turn, brings to our attention, as an epistemic consequence, the issue of methodology, postulated in its quality as normative epistemology. It is, evidently, a theoretical-methodological scenario that mirrors its heuristics on Education, which today, more than ever, requires us to face its difficult emergencies with renewed creativity. It is precisely around the issue of creativity that we have identified the imaginary as an educational field of study. The imaginary intercepts all the challenges of the contemporary world: its dramatic drifts as well as its magnificent opportunities. All of this takes place in the light of an epistemological diaphanization of the instances of the contemporary and of its guidelines, and then of a metacognitive proposal.

Development and Influence of Military Medicine during the Korean War: the Medical Field Service School and Training in the U.S.

This study investigates the development of military medicine during the Korean War, with a focus on the role of the Medical Field Service School and training programs in the United States. It also explores the nuanced acceptance of American medicine by South Korean doctors. Military surgeon education and training emerged as pivotal catalysts, initiating a qualitative transformation in South Korean medicine and serving as a catalyst for the advancement of modern medical practices. Military surgeon education went beyond imparting military knowledge to civilian doctors; it also acted as a vehicle for disseminating fundamental medical knowledge essential for the progress of Korean medicine. Noteworthy is the strategic selection of exceptional military surgeons for overseas training, serving as a vital link for the assimilation of 'advanced medicine' across diverse medical domains. Contrary to unilateral acceptance, South Korean doctors embraced American medicine based on subjective judgments aligned with the specific needs of South Korean medicine. Acknowledging American medical knowledge and technology through the Medical Field Service School and U.S. training, military surgeons refrained from mere praise, recognizing the substantial gaps between South Korean and American military medicine. Beyond material achievements, South Korean military surgeons also discerned and valued the spiritual legacy of American medicine. These military surgeons actively determined the essential medical majors for South Korea, introducing cutting-edge medical technology, and leveraging relationships with U.S. military surgeons to facilitate opportunities for themselves and their students to study abroad. This proactive approach highlights the independent thought processes of South Korean military surgeons, addressing both material and spiritual needs and serving as internal driving forces for the development of South Korean medicine.

On Intrinsic Mechanism and Practice Approach for Integrating Red Culture of Ta-pieh Mountains into College Students’ Ideological and Political Education

The red culture of Ta-pieh Mountains represents a major branch of the spiritual lineage of the Chinese Communists, an important support for the cultural confidence in the new era, a valuable spiritual legacy as well as a visual textbook for ideological and political education. Integrating the red culture of Ta-pieh mountains into college students’ ideological and political education can not only provide resources for patriotic education of college students, enhance their political literacy, and ameliorate their excellent ideological quality, but also boost college students' scientific understanding, reinforce the college students’ understanding of the true significance of upholding and strengthening the Party's leadership over higher education in that it is also an important means to heighten the ideology and value orientation of college students. The red culture of Ta-pieh Mountains will be deeply integrated into college students' ideological and political education by implementing internal mechanisms, say, operational mechanism, incentive mechanism, and teacher development mechanism, etc., in combination with the specific practices, say, on-campus ideological and political teaching, off-campus practical education and online learning, etc.

Through Dialogue with the Past to Finding the Future: Some Aspects of Gavriil V. Derzhavin’s Legacy for the Development of Modern Russian Jurisprudence

The paper provides an expanded version of the theses of the author’s report delivered at the scientific and educational conference «Your duty is to preserve the laws … " dedicated to the 280th anniversary of Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin held at the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) on July 5, 2023. The paper deals with the issues of understanding of law as the initial category of jurisprudence in Derzhavin’s ideological and creative semantic space and understanding of the Constitution, bearing in mind G. R. Derzhavin participation in the formation of the project-doctrinal origins of Russian constitutionalism. The author focuses on ideological and spiritual legacy of G. R. Derzhavin directly reflected in his state-political and literary-creative biography. The author, relying on the concept of constitutional dialogue with the past put forward by Derzhavin, reveals a comprehensive creative potential of Derzhavin’s philosophy of state-legal life for the formation of value-semantic, pedagogical and institutional foundations of a nationally oriented constitutional model of the development of sovereign Russian statehood in modern conditions.

천안지역 국채보상운동의 지역운동사에서 위상

Cheonan at the Late Period of Korean Empire was in an atmosphere of growing sense of crisis over colonization, including the Battle of Sesung Mountain, the Battle of Seonghwan, the development of Jiksan Gold Mine, and the construction of the Gyeongbu Rail. Meanwhile, foreign debt has snowballed, threatening the nation’s existence. The movement to protect national sovereignty by repaying foreign debts was felt everywhere.
 Articles emphasizing the responsibilities and duties of the people were frequently reported in newspapers. The decisive factor that changed the situation was the national debt redemption movement based on ‘sharing and responsibility’. The signal fire started in Daegu, but immediately spread to Korea and abroad. Like other regions, Cheonan actively participated in this trend. Residents of Cheonan approached themself as if they were the main character.
 Enlightenment officials issued a statement of intent and organized a national debt redemption movement committee to raise donations. This was the same as an important ‘stepping bridge’ that led to voluntary and competitive participation. Change came as a great stimulus to remind residents of their responsibilities as members of society. The various national movements here during the Korean Empire share this historical background.
 The status of the National Debt Redemption Movement was part of paying back the national debt, but it greatly changed the values of the people of the time. Changes in perception to pursue ‘social publicity’ have made progress in line with this. The scene that awakened the importance of living together could be done in The status of the National Debt Redemption Movement. Isn’t the historical fact that was not limited to men and women of all ages despite their status a true spiritual legacy that must coexist in the Multicultural Era. In the end, peace and freedom, which are universal values of mankind, are essential factors such as responsibility and sacrifice.

Resurrecting The Divine Past: Tracing the Spiritual Legacy Of Liyangan Temple From The 7th to 9 th Century

Temanggung Regency has a historic site known as the Liyangan Site. The site is located at the foot of Mount Sindoro, Purbasari Village. According to researchers the Liyangan Site was inhabited from the 6th century AD to 8 or 9 AD. Based on research that has been done, it can be obtained information that the majority of people who occupy the site are Hindu. The problem in this study is how is the reconstruction of the spiritual culture of Hindu Gopati Tempurung (Liyangan Temple) VII-XIX centuries? Thus the purpose of this study is to uncover the treasures of the spiritual culture of the Indonesian people, especially the Gopati Tempurung (Liyangan Temple) community in the past. The method used in this study is the historical method which consists of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. By unraveling the treasures of their spiritual culture, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of Indonesia's past and sheds light on the profound connections between religion and society. Through this investigation, a comprehensive picture of the spiritual practices, beliefs, rituals, and symbols of Hindu Gopati Tempurung (Liyangan Temple) emerges, illuminating the cultural tapestry of the region throughout the centuries

Die Middeleeus-mistieke en Kaaps-piëtistiese Kontekstualisering van Dorothea Magdalena Goosen (c.1774–c.1840) se Uitdrukkings van Liefdesnumineuse in haar Outobiografiese Aantekeninge en Poësie

Cape Pietism is a hybrid, transnational and transconfessional form of spirituality, emanating from the Pietistic movement in Germany, with its emphasis on medieval mysticism, piety and spiritual devotion to Christ, and Dutch Second Reformation influences. Feminine Pietists in South African frontier communities were the practitioners of this form of spirituality, analogous to similar trends in the mystical cultures in German and Dutch Medieval mysticism. In addition to the influence of religious literature of German and Dutch Pietists, the marginalisation and isolation of feminine believers on the South African frontier cultivated tendencies similar to those in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Pietism in Europe. Lay feminine spirituality in Cape frontier communities reflects forms of Pietistic mysticism parallel to the Beguines, the Dominican penitent women and female mystics elsewhere in Europe. Common to the diverse mystical cultures in Europe and the Cape frontier communities, is the expression of numinous experiences through mystical love metaphors—a legacy of Dionysius the Areopagite and other Neoplatonic Christian believers. Dorothea Magdalena Goosen is an exponent of Cape Pietistic tendencies with a strong undercurrent of melancholy and a feeling of spiritual abandonment. Her autobiographical ego-text and self-composed verses testify to her finding consolation in the grace of God through the inpouring of Christ’s love in her heart. Typical to female exponents of Cape Pietism, she longs for the heavenly rejoicing with Christ and the sweet elation of the heart following the embrace of the Bridegroom and restored consolation. Her numinous mystical experiences are recorded in Pietistic outpourings of love and bridal metaphors—mostly in an erotic form. A study of her mystical spirituality adds to broaden the corpus of knowledge of Cape Pietistic mysticism by tracing the roots of her love mysticism to the Neoplatonic legacy of German and Dutch female spirituality. The conclusion provides a clearer view of the mystical profile of feminine members of the petit bourgeoisie and their efforts at spiritual self-empowerment in their isolated living conditions in South African pioneering communities.

Menachem Kaiser. Plunder: A Memoir of Family Property and Nazi Treasure

Menachem Kaiser. <i>Plunder: A Memoir of Family Property and Nazi Treasure</i>

The Power of Tradition in Russian History

Comprehension of the historical destiny of Russia is always topical. The authors substantiate the view of the continuity and succession of Russian history, focusing the readers’ attention on the fateful figures of Ivan III, Peter I and the Bolsheviks – the Slavophiles’„inside out”. Reflections on the components of the national idea turn to the symbols of Russian history,the imperial St. Petersburg, and Moscow, the citadel of Russian statehood in confronting the world evil. The principle of collectivism is interpreted in the communal spirit, pulling together generations of people into a single whole and rooted in the spiritual heritage of the religious consciousness of the Russian people. The authors show that the centuries-old tradition of uniting in critical periods of Russian history was based on this spiritual legacy. Examples illustrating the Russian historic tradition, according to the authors, are the mobilization economy and the policy of the tsar Ivan III, who laid the foundation of the autocratic Russia, and of the Soviet power that entirely invested in the construction of the new state.

Dariusz Karłowicz (ed.), Thinking with St. John Paul II: JP2 Lectures 2020/2021 Rome–Warsaw: Angelicum University Press– Fundacja Świętego Mikołaja, 2021, 226 pp.

A summary and reflection upon a series of lectures sponsored by the St. John Paul II Institute of Culture (Rome) by outstanding intellectuals from from Europe and the United States on a wide range of topics in the light of St. John Paul II's intellectual and spiritual legacy. Topics include culture, human work, foundations of ethics, art and beauty, the end of modernity, evangelization, and European identity.