Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory Research Articles

Spiritual Intelligence and Spiritual Care Among Nursing Students in a Selected University

Background: To ensure that nursing education adequately prepares nurses for comprehensive patient care, educators must develop a heightened awareness of the religious and spiritual elements involved in patient care. Moreover, educators must possess the ability to equip student nurses with the necessary knowledge and skills to provide spiritually-based care ethically. Methods: A descriptive-correlation study was conducted among 359 Nursing students in a non-sectarian, private university in the Philippines. Convenience sampling was employed using two adopted tools, the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI) and the Student Survey of Spiritual Care (SSSC) to collect the data. A Spearman rank order was utilized for the test of the relationship. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 28.0. Results: The study revealed a higher level of spiritual intelligence in terms of critical existential thinking (M = 19.39, SD = 4.65) and lowest with conscious state expansion subscale (M = 13.65, SD = 3.55). Overall, the students exhibited a moderate level of spiritual intelligence (M = 66.16, SD = 3.82). Moreover, Nursing students perceived a very positive experience (M = 4.60, SD = 1.26) in providing spiritual care. There is a moderate relationship between spiritual intelligence and the ability to give spiritual care (rs = 0.515, p = 0.000), which was statistically significant. Conclusions: Spirituality holds great significance within the field of nursing, as it carries profound implications for the provision of care to patients. Moreover, it represents an indispensable component of holistic nursing care.

HEXACO personality traits, spiritual intelligence, and views on euthanasia among medical students: a moderation analysis

The ethical dilemma of euthanasia presents a significant challenge in medical practice. The attitudes of medical students toward euthanasia can be shaped by a variety of factors, such as their personal beliefs, values, and personality traits. This study explored the intricate relationship between personality traits, as outlined by the model, and medical students’ attitudes toward euthanasia, with a particular focus on the potential moderating effect of spiritual intelligence. In this cross-sectional study, 219 medical students from Zahedan, Iran, including 85 males and 134 females, were selected in 2022 using a non-random convenience sampling method. Participants provided socio-demographic information, including age, gender, and medical degree. They were also evaluated using the spiritual intelligence self-report inventory, the 24-item brief HEXACO inventory, and the euthanasia attitude scale (EAS). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 29 and included both descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical linear regression). The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between the personality trait of openness to experience and favorable attitudes toward euthanasia. In contrast, there was a negative correlation between EAS scores and spiritual intelligence, as well as the honesty-humility dimension of personality. Furthermore, regression analysis indicated that spiritual intelligence moderated the relationship between EAS scores and the associated personality traits. The study underscores the importance of understanding how HEXACO personality traits and spiritual intelligence influence medical students’ attitudes toward euthanasia. This insight is vital for medical educators and policymakers in creating educational programs that foster critical thinking, empathy, and ethical decision-making in future healthcare professionals. Additionally, this knowledge can guide the formulation of euthanasia policies that respect the diverse viewpoints and values within the medical community.

Does Spiritual Intelligence Link with Happiness and Psychological Adjustment among University Students?

Spiritual Intelligence (SI) is considered the most basic form of intelligence which enables an individual to deeply understand him and others and thus helps in achieving happiness and well-being in life (Subraniam & Panchanatham, 2015). The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between spiritual intelligence, happiness and psychological adjustment in university students. A total of 350 students (Men = 175; Women = 175) were recruited from the universities of Lahore, Pakistan. The age of participants ranges between 18-30 years (M = 21.76; SD = 2.07). Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24), Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and Psychological Adjustment Scale were used to assess spiritual intelligence, happiness, and psychological adjustment, respectively. Results revealed that spiritual intelligence significantly relates to and predicts happiness and psychological adjustment. As compared to men, psychological adjustment and spiritual intelligence were found to be higher in women. To conclude, students having higher spiritual intelligence are more likely to be happier and show better psychological adjustment, when compared to those who showed lower spiritual intelligence. In the future, spiritual intelligence-fostering programs such as community activities, orientation programs, spiritual seminars, counseling, and classroom activities could be catered for students.

The Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and the Risk of Depression in Postpartum Mothers

Introduction: Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that occurs after giving birth, which can be dangerous if ignored. One effort that is considered capable of preventing depression is spiritual intelligence. This study aims to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and the risk of depression in postpartum mothers. Method: This research is a quantitative study using a descriptive correlation design with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was 83 postpartum mothers taken based on inclusion criteria using purposive sampling technique. The instruments in this study used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire and The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI) which had been tested for validity. The analysis used is the chi-square test analysis. Results: Of the 83 respondents, (15.7%) had low spiritual intelligence, (33.7%) had medium spiritual intelligence, and (50.6%) had high spiritual intelligence. Then (28.9%) were at risk of depression and (71.1%) were not at risk of depression. The results of the Chi-square test analysis show that there is a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and the risk of depression in postpartum mothers with p-value = 0.000 a (0.1). Conclusion: Spiritual intelligence and the risk of depression in postpartum mothers have a significant relationship. The higher the spiritual intelligence, the lower the risk of experiencing postpartum depression. Recommendation: Postpartum mothers are expected to increase their approach to religion so that they are better able to accept the problems that occur after giving birth, both psychological and physical, so that the risk of depression can be prevented.

The mediating role of moral reasoning in spiritual intelligence and caring behaviors in Iranian emergency nurses.

Moral reasoning is necessary to the nursing profession. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of moral reasoning in spiritual intelligence and caring behaviors among Iranian emergency nurses. In this descriptive-analytical study structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed for the data analysis. the minimum required sample size determined by the number of parameters of the model was 18. Considering that 5 to 15 samples were required for each of the parameters; the required sample size was 272. Nurses working in the emergency department of all hospitals in Qom, Iran, were selected by convenience sampling. Demographic characteristics inventory, King's Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, Crisham's Nursing Dilemma Test, and Wolf's Caring Behaviors Inventory used for data collection. SPSS (V20) and Mplus were used to analyze the data. The results showed that a significant direct relationship was observed between moral reasoning and caring behaviors. According to SEM results, direct and indirect effects were observed of spiritual intelligence on caring behavior It is therefore recommended managers and hospital officials pay meticulous attention to spiritual intelligence and the power of decision-making in nurses to improve their caring behaviors.

The impact of openness to experience personality trait on attitudes of medical students toward euthanasia: the moderating role of spiritual intelligence.

Euthanasia is the most important ethical challenges in the entire field of medicine. Various factors may influence the medical students' attitudes toward euthanasia, including personal beliefs, values, and personality traits. This research aimed at examining spiritual intelligence as a moderator of the relationship between openness to experience and attitude toward euthanasia. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 219 medical students (85 men and 134 women) in Zahedan, Iran, in 2022, were selected by convenience sampling method and evaluated using the socio-demographic information form (including age, gender, and medical education level), Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, 24-item Brief HEXACO Inventory, and Euthanasia Attitude Scale, followed by using SPSS v25 for data analysis. The study results showed that openness to experience positively and spiritual intelligence negatively associated with attitude toward euthanasia. Also, the regression analysis revealed that spiritual intelligence had a moderating role in the relationship between openness to experience and attitude toward euthanasia. It seems that paying attention to personality differences and spiritual intelligence training among medical students can play an important role in changing their attitudes toward euthanasia.

A Correlational Study of Spiritual Intelligence, Resilience and Perceived Stress among University Students of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

A better feeling of meaning and purpose, as well as advancements in crucial personal and professional skills, are all results of spiritual intelligence. The purpose of the current study was to look at the relationships between perceived stress, resilience, and spiritual intelligence. The total sample of the current study was comprised of 200 Peshawar university students (N=200). One hundred (n=100) were males, and one hundred (n=100) were females. The sample was approached from various universities of Peshawar. For the collection of data a research tool, the spiritual intelligence self-report inventory (SISRI) along with Brief resilience scale (BRS) and Perceived stress scale (PSS) were administered both individually and in groups. The study's findings clearly illustrated a moderately negative link between spiritual intelligence and perceived stress (=-.426**) and a moderately positive correlation between spiritual intelligence and resilience (=.163*). While with respect to male and female differences in spiritual intelligence (t=1.20, p=.231) and perceived stress (t=1.55, p=.122) have been obtained. The linear regression analysis shows that spiritual intelligence predicts statistically significant at p.05 with a variance R2 of.181 and an adjusted R2 of.177, and it also predicts resilience at .05 with a variance R2 of.26 and an adjusted R2 of 0.22. Similarly, results show that perceived stress and resilience are predicted by spiritual intelligence. In light of the findings, it is inferred that spiritual intelligence and resilience are positively correlated, while perceived stress and spiritual intelligence are negatively correlated. Spiritual IQ and perceived stress did not show any conclusive gender differences. However, students' perceptions of stress and spiritual IQ were slightly higher for female students.

UNLOCKING THE POWER OF SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE: ENHANCING THE PROFESSIONAL QUALITY OF LIFE OF CRITICAL CARE NURSES IN PRIVATE HOSPITALS

Caring for critically ill patients may have a negative impact on nurses’ professional quality of life (ProQOL), including their compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO), and secondary traumatic stress (STS), leading to nurses’ turnover and concerns about the quality of care provided. Spiritual intelligence (SI) has been considered an important quality in most professions in recent years, but there is limited research on its role in contributing to the ProQOL of nurses. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the role of SI and its relationship with professional nurses’ ProQOL. This study aimed to determine the level of SI and ProQOL among critical care nurses in private hospitals. Followed by examining the relationship between SI and demographic data towards the dimension of ProQOL. A multisite study using a cross-sectional design was conducted on 136 nurses working at three private hospitals in Malaysia from March 2021 to March 2022 via an online survey. Data was gathered using the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24) and the Professional Quality of Life Version 5 (ProQOL-5), and descriptive and multivariate analyses were run using SPSS. SI among nurses was found at moderate to high levels of (61.30 ± 12.95), and the majority nurses had a moderate level of CS (72.1%), BO (77.2%), and STS (75.0%). In regression, there was a statistically significant relationship between SI toward CS (β = 0.61, t = 9.79, p < 0.01) and BO (β = -0.31, t = -4.19, p < 0.01), suggesting that CS levels were significantly higher with increasing SI levels, and BO levels significantly reduced with increasing SI levels. Also, female nurses are predicted to have a higher level of BO than male nurses (β = 0.20, t = 2.77, p = 0.01). The study’s results suggested that a holistic strategic approach is needed to improve CS and mitigate the negative component of ProQOL (BO and STS) by utilizing SI. It is hoped that nursing education institutes and hospital organizations can contribute to cultivating SI among nurses with extra consideration given to female nurses.

한국판 영성지능 척도(K-SISRI)의 타당화

The purpose of this study is to validate the Korean Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory(SISRI) originally developed by King and DeCicco(2009). The back translation method was used to verify the original meaning of the instrument. There were two data collection phases: the pilot and the main study. For the pilot test, the exploratory factor analysis was conducted with 207 adults were participated. As a result, 16 items were deleted due to unsatisfactory factor loading scores, but it was valid as a four-factor model of critical existential thinking(5 questions), conscious state expansion(4 questions), personal meaning production(4 questions), and transcendental perception(3 questions). Thereafter, the main data collection was implemented and 428 office workers were participated finally. The confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify the suitability of the model. This study has proven that K-SISRI is a reliable and valid instrument, expected to utilized both in academia and practical areas.

The Relationship between Caregiver Burden and Spiritual Intelligence in Caregivers of Breast Cancer Patients

Background: Breast cancer patients’ caregivers seem to face several challenges and problems that affect their physical and mental health. Spiritual intelligence, as the foundation of individuals› beliefs, plays an essential role in promoting the mental health of caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between caregiver burden and spiritual intelligence in caregivers of breast cancer patients. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 309 breast cancer caregivers at Shahid Ramezanzadeh Radiotherapy Center, Yazd, Iran, based on census method in 2020. Data were collected using three questionnaires: Demographic Information, caregiver burden inventory (CBI) and Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI). Statistical analyses were done using Spearman’s rank correlation, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test in SPSS-20. Results: The mean total score of caregiver burden was 48.12±20.93. The highest and the lowest mean scores were in the dimension of social pressure (10.33±5.09) and physical pressure (8.14±4.09), respectively. The mean total score of spiritual intelligence in caregivers was (67.32±30.84). The highest mean score was in the transcendent awareness dimension (20.54±18.75) and the lowest was in the personal meaning production dimension (13.07±6.10). There was a significant inverse relationship between the mean total score of spiritual intelligence and caregiver burden (r=- 0.63, P<0.001). Conclusion: Caregivers of breast cancer patients who have more spiritual intelligence, experience less burden of care. In fact, higher levels of spiritual intelligence act as a protective factor against the burden of care. Therefore, strengthening spiritual intelligence in oncology and radiotherapy centers is recommended.

A measure of leadership's spiritual intelligence from the perspectives of Brazilian and Portuguese workers

This paper aims to assess the psychometric quality of the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI), a scale adapted to measure leaders' spiritual intelligence (SI) from the perspective of Brazilian and Portuguese workers. This scale initially measures an individual's spiritual intelligence, and its adaptation opens up the opportunity to perceive the leader's SI from the point of view of his work team. In order to compare possible cultural differences, the research was carried out in hospital organizations in two countries: Brazil and Portugal. The Total sample is 434 workers. The statistical results indicate that the adapted SISRI is a reliable instrument that can measure the leader's spiritual intelligence. The four-factor structure is supported, as well as the construct´s invariance and convergence are maintained. As for cultural differences, it was observed that Brazilian workers have higher scores in the leader's total spiritual intelligence score, specifically in the Existential Critical Thinking (CET) and Awareness Expansion (CSE) dimensions.

The role of spiritual intelligence and differentiation in predicting marital adjustment of married Iranian students

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of spiritual intelligence and differentiation in predicting marital adjustment of Iranian students. The participants of this study were 312 married students from Yazd University. The instruments used in this study were the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) to measure marital adjustment, Differentiation of Self- Inventory, and the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI). The results of the study demonstrated that spiritual intelligence predicted the marital adjustment of married students (p <0.001). Moreover, spiritual intelligence explains 7% of the variance in the marital adjustment index. Among the predictive components, existential thinking, criticism, and the production of personal meaning demonstrated significant predictive effects on the marital adjustment index in students. The results also showed that differentiation does not predict the students’ marital adjustment, and the subscales of marital solidarity and agreement were positively correlated.

Spiritual Intelligence as a Mediator between Personality and Emotional and Decisional Forgiveness in Polish Adults

Forgiveness is a constructive method of dealing with interpersonal incidents. It is determined by many factors, including personality and spirituality. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationships between the Big Five personality traits, spiritual intelligence, and emotional and decisional forgiveness in a real situation. The study involved 396 Polish participants aged from 18 to 79. Four tools were used: the Abridged Big Five-Dimensional Circumplex (AB5C), the Emotional Forgiveness Scale (EFS), the Decision to Forgive Scale (DTFS), and the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24). The results demonstrated that personality traits positively correlated with aspects of spiritual intelligence and two types of forgiveness. Personal meaning production (PMP) and transcendental awareness (TA) mediated the relationship between personality and forgiveness, especially when accompanied by taking the decision to forgive. The ability to find meaning and deeper insight into difficult interpersonal incidents was found to be a possible way of linking personality with the forgiveness of others.

Personality Traits and the Spiritual and Moral Intelligence of Early Adulthood in Poland: Research Reports

Spiritual and moral intelligence have recently become popular research questions in studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual and moral intelligence. It was also intended to link spiritual and moral intelligence with personality traits among people in early adulthood (aged 18 to 35) in Poland. In addition, in order to better understand the group, it was also planned to investigate the association of spiritual and moral intelligence with age. The theoretical framework for our study is the concept of spiritual intelligence as consisting of four dimensions: critical existential thinking, personal meaning-making, transcendental awareness and conscious state expansion. Measurements were based on the concept of moral intelligence as consisting of the four main dimensions of integrity, responsibility, compassion and forgiveness, and subcategories (competencies) including integrity, honesty, courage, confidentiality, commitment, personal responsibility, accountability for decisions, self-control, helping others, caring for others (compassion), understanding others’ feelings (altruism) and understanding their emotional needs (faith, belief). A total of 160 individuals aged 18 to 35 years from Poland were surveyed using the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, the Moral Intelligence Scale, the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. The article reports on the results of this study.

The Prediction of Quality of Life - based on Personality Traits and Spiritual Intelligence in the Elderly

Introduction: Considering the increasing trend of the elderly population in Iran, attention paid to this critical phase, both socially and psychologically, is essential in improving their quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate prediction of quality of life - based on personality traits and spiritual intelligence in the elderly.
 
 Methods: This correlational study carried out on older adults in Tehran who lived in nursing homes in 2020 and 182 of them were selected by convenience sampling. The NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24) and Leiden-Padua Questionnaire (LEIPAD questionnaire) were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation and stepwise regression analysis) were used for data analysis. The correlation matrix and stepwise regression were used to predict the quality of life scores based on personality and spiritual intelligence.
 
 Results: There was a significant relationship between personality traits with spiritual intelligence and quality of life (r: 0.361, p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and quality of life (p < 0.05). Personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, and spiritual intelligence could predict a total of 38.5% of the variance in quality of life (p < 0.05).
 
 Conclusion: The quality of life has a significant relationship with both spiritual intelligence and personality traits, so, spiritual intelligence and personality components can predict the quality of life in the elderly.

The Reliability of Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory Instrument among Brunei’s Teachers

The Reliability of Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory Instrument among Brunei’s Teachers

Spiritual intelligence and professional nursing practice: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The concept of spiritual intelligence was developed in 1997 based on philosophical theories and neurological evidence and introduced as the ultimate intelligence. Spiritual intelligence has been considered as one of the skills required by professionals and has recently gained traction within nursing practice. Understanding the role of spiritual intelligence and its association with professional nursing practice is crucial to creating knowledge in this area of inquiry. To identify the best available evidence of the spiritual intelligence level and its correlation with professional practice among nurses. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies were reported according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. The protocol for this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO with the identification CRD42021254881. Ten electronic English and Persian databases [Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Magiran, SID, IranDoc] were searched to identify eligible studies, published in the English and Persian languages from January 2000 to May 2020. A systematized search strategy was used to include eligible published and unpublished observational studies that examined the spiritual intelligence level and its correlation with professional practice among nurses. Screening, quality assessments, data extractions, and analysis were undertaken using Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and carried out by two independent reviewers. Thirty-five studies, with a total of 7301 nurses, were included. The mean score for spiritual intelligence in 29 studies and 5853 nurses was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.57-0.69, I2=99.97%). The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory was the most frequently used instrument to measure spiritual intelligence. Most of the professional nursing outcomes represented a positive association with nurses' spiritual intelligence. The pooled positive correlation coefficients between spiritual intelligence and a professional nursing practice components including the art of nursing, competence, attributes of practice and, personal commitment were 0.34 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.43, I2=63.4%, 5 studies), 0.42 (95% CI: 0.25,0.56, I 2=62.2%, 2 studies), 0.32 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.50, I 2=92.2%, 5 studies) and 0.41 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.49, I 2=74.3%, 8 studies) respectively. The findings of this systematic review indicated a relatively high level of spiritual intelligence among nurses that was moderately associated with professional nursing practice. implementing strategies to promote spiritual intelligence levels among nurses is warranted.

The relationship between spiritual intelligence and resilience in family caregivers of patients with chronic mental disorders.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and resilience in family caregivers of patients with chronic mental disorders referred to psychiatric clinics in Isfahan (Iran). This cross-sectional study was conducted on 188 family caregivers. Data were collected using demographic characteristics checklist, spiritual intelligence self-report inventory, and Connor-Davidson resilience scale. There was a significant and positive relationship between resilience and spiritual intelligence, including all its components, among the family caregivers (p < 0.05) PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Healthcare managers are recommended to consider the components of spiritual intelligence and resilience in designing preventive, educational, and personal promotion interventions for patients with mental disorders.

Spirituality as Protective Factor of Health Risk Behaviors among Adolescents

Health behaviours are the behaviours that are practised by people for the enhancement and maintenance of their health. These behaviours are common in all age groups, but adolescence, as the most vulnerable age, has a higher proclivity to engage in risky behavior. Among the protective factors, increasing research in the area documents that spirituality and spiritual practises serve as the protective agent for health-risk behaviors. The present study makes an attempt to explore spirituality as a protective factor against health-risk behaviours among adolescents. The study aims to see the relationship between the two facets of spirituality, namely, spiritual intelligence and spiritual personality, with respect to health risk behaviours among adolescents. The sample comprised of 600 adolescents from various colleges and universities in the state of Haryana, India. The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI) by King (2008), the Spiritual Personality Inventory by Husain et al. (2012), and the Revised Health Risk Behavior Inventory by Irish (2012) were used. The descriptive statistics and Pearson’s product moment coefficient of correlation were applied to explore the relationship among the variables, and simple linear correlation was applied to look for the effect size of the variables. The study’s findings show a significant negative correlation between spirituality and health risk behavior, and spiritual intelligence and spiritual personality both appear to be significant protective factors against health risk behaviours in adolescents. The findings suggest the cultivation and nurturance of spiritual beliefs and spiritual practises in individuals right from the early age of life span for the prevention of health risk behaviours during adolescence.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE PERFORMANCE OF XYZ BANK EMPLOYEES

Every company expects its employees to work satisfactorily following predetermined targets. This is expected to have an impact on the progress of the company to be able to compete with other companies. An employee who has good performance results is expected to have high spiritual intelligence, whose quality of life is based on values and a reluctance to cause unnecessary loss. This research aims to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and employee performance. The subject for this research were 150 employees of XYZ Bank, which was the result of sampling from the simple random sampling method. This research implemented a quantitative approach with the type of correlational research that used a survey method with a questionnaire. This research implemented Spiritual Intelligence Scale in the form of the Spiritual Intelligence Self Report Inventory (SISRI), which was adapted from King (? = 0.876), and the Employee Performance scale which referred to the perception of the Bank's employees XYZ (? = 0.829). Data analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test with p = 0.157 (Sig.p &gt; 0,05 or 5%) for spiritual intelligence variables and employee performance variables were not normally distributed because p = 0,014 (Sig.p &gt; 0,05 or 5%). The correlation test was carried out using Spearman correlation analysis with p = 0.708 (Sig.p &gt; 0,05 or 5%). Hence, it was found that there is no relationship between spiritual intelligence and the performance of XYZ Bank employees.