Spiritual Condition Research Articles

“How Does Nature Deify Us”

“How Does Nature Deify Us”

A Description of Socio-Cultural, Economic and Unwanted Pregnancy in Adolescent Single Parent Mothers

Unwanted pregnancy in adolescents may have negative impacts on physical, psychological, social and spiritual condition. The physical impact could endanger the teenage mothers and even their infants. Psychological stress could trigger a trial to have an abortion which can lead to death. Other psychological effect, the teenage mothers will try to escape from responsibility or keeping to continue their pregnancies by compulsion. Meanwhile, besides, social judgement and scorn, as well as banishing made by surrounding community, the community will also reject the children with unclear parents and they are considered illegal children of adulteries (Husaeni, 2009). Based on data from the Directorate of Maternal Health, the biggest cause of teenage maternal death is bleeding as a result of premature pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the socio-cultural, economic of an unwanted pregnancy in single parent of adolescent mothers. This type of research is qualitative with a phenomenological and ethnographic approach. The population and sample are pregnant women and single parent mothers (having toddlers). The sample size is 9 people. Purposive Sampling Data collection by in-depth interviews (In-depth interview) to adolescents. The research was conducted in TTU District, East Nusa Tenggara. Research Results: 100% teenage single parent mothers do not work, age 15-19 years with the average education of junior high school to senior high school. Socio-culturally, teenagers imitate city life, lack of or abandon themselves from spiritual life in the family, and having trend to try new things. Teenage pregnancies are mostly unwanted as they happened accidentally. It was due to unsafe sex which was partly triggered by feeling bored with life in dormitories, adopting city life, lack of control from parents and family when teenagers return home, low or none of sexual education, simply following others, mutual consent, forced by boyfriends, poor knowledge Lack of knowledge on reproductive health and the influence of social media causes teenagers to have sex which causes unwanted pregnancies and poor socio-economic conditions. Suggestions The importance of preventing unwanted pregnancies in adolescents in schools should be started from the elementary schools by introducing health reproduction. Promotional materials related to reproductive health should be adapted to the age and development level of adolescents. In communities, especially those with low economic status, increasing awareness and knowledge about maternal and infant health is carried out through continuous health promotion.

Da'wah Patterns in Developing Religious Harmony in Semarang City

This study aims to find the format of the pattern of developing religious harmony and the role of government and religious leaders in creating a conducive situation in Semarang. The research uses a qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The results of this study indicate that the city of Semarang consists of various tribes, religions, and ethnicities, the people have a high sense of tolerance. This is due to the community's spiritual condition and the mindset of an advanced society due to many universities. Communication and cooperation are well established between government figures, religious leaders, and community leaders in various community harmony forums and organizations such as Petamas and FKUB. The forum can be used as a medium for dialogue. From the researcher's analysis, harmonization in religious harmony is influenced by activities that create and touch a sense of togetherness and affection. The pattern of social da'wah is an alternative in building tolerance and harmonization over the plurality of society.

Palliative Care Interventions for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) encompasses conditions with poor outcome and severe suffering, both mentally and physically, yet utilization and research into palliative care interventions remain sparse. Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify existing evidence on palliative care intervention for chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Design: We conducted a PROSPERO-registered systematic review of studies published between 1991 and 2020 in which people with PAD received palliative care interventions and at least one patient outcome was recorded. For the purpose of this study, a palliative care intervention was defined as one which aims primarily to reduce negative impact of PAD on patients' and/or caregivers' physical, emotional, psychological, social, or spiritual condition. Results: A total of 8 studies involving 87,024 patients met the inclusion criteria (4 cohort studies and 4 cross-sectional studies). Methodological quality ranged from low to moderate. The small number of studies and study heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. Regarding our primary outcomes, only two articles recorded patient-reported outcomes. Five articles found an association between palliative care and reduction in health care utilization, a secondary outcome of the study. Most of the studies reported that palliative care was likely underused. Only two of the studies included non-hospital patients. Conclusion: Despite high mortality and morbidity associated with PAD, evidence of the effectiveness of palliative care in this group of patients is lacking. There are only a handful of articles on palliative care for people with PAD, and the majority are small, methodologically flawed and lack meaningful patient-reported outcomes. High-quality research of palliative care interventions in patients with PAD is urgently needed to better understand the impact of palliative care on quality of end of life and to develop and evaluate service-level interventions.

ORTHODOX MONASTERIES OF UKRAINE CENTERS OF EDUCATION AND PREPARATION OF WOMEN FOR SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION OF CHILDREN (XIX EARLY XX CENTURY)

The article reveals and analyzes the leading trends in the preparation of women for the spiritual and moral education of children of this period, reveals the main purpose, process, content and objectives of training. It is highlighted at which monasteries of Ukraine at that time there were women’s educational institutions where girls were prepared for the spiritual and moral upbringing of children. The historical digression clearly shows us that for centuries the centers of spiritual education, culture and education were Orthodox monasteries. In the XIX - early XX centuries. at the monasteries of Ukraine there is a rapid development of educational institutions for girls, mostly of spiritual condition. The first such institutions were: a school for orphans of the clergy at the Odessa Michael the Archangel Monastery (1844) and a theological school for girls of the clergy at the Lebedinsky Nikolaev Monastery (1859). At that time, monastic educational institutions were divided into two categories. The first category included institutions under the “patronage” of the Empress Mary, the second - schools that were subordinate to the Holy Synod, under the management of the diocesan elders and the care of local clergy and the abbess of the monastery.These educational institutions differed in goals, organization of internal regulations, curricula, staff, rights of officials and material support, but had a common goal: to give girls an education that would meet their purpose: on the one hand, to act as a wife, and with another is to become an educated mother who raises her children in a spiritual and moral environment and a housewife. Thanks to the “Statute of Women’s Diocesan Schools” of 1868, graduates received the title of “Home Teacher”, which gave them the right to teach.It is important to emphasize that the first monastic women’s theological educational institutions were planned as three-class -with a two-year course of each class. The compulsory subjects that the girls were to study included: the Law of God (short catechism and sacred history), church singing, reading, Slavic and Russian languages, short grammar, arithmetic (up to the “triple rule”), short Russian history and geography, teaching needlework and housekeeping. The main task of the monastery school was to educate the heart and will, which should strive for good. The life of the soul is determined by the heart and concentrated in it, and the will, directed to good and guided by conscience, is the basis of the moral character of man. Good upbringing indicates successful learning.

Світовий та вітчизняний досвід організації активного туризму

Abstract. Introduction. Active recreation tourism is more effective for physical, emotional, intellectual recreation than passive recreation tourism. Active forms of tourism give dosed in terms of volume and intensity of physical activity for participants, which is the main factor in their recreation and effective recovery. Active tourism is becoming an increasingly important segment of the tourism industry. Active tourism includes more and more types of recreational and tourist and tourist and sports activities. It performs several functions - health, prevention, rehabilitation, training, and education. World experience shows that recently the share of active, extreme, and adventure tourism is growing rapidly. Therefore, the study of current trends in the world and domestic experience of organization of active tourism is relevant. Purpose. The article aims to study current trends in the world and domestic experience in the organization and functioning of active tourism. In the long run, this will help improve the tourist image of the country, region, community and increase tourist flows. Results. International practice shows that, at the present stage of the development of economic systems, tourism is the most dynamically developing area. It is also worth noting that international tourism for some developing countries is the main export ofservices and one of theprincipalsources of foreign exchange in these countries; acts as a stabilizing lever for the formation of their budgets and credit and financial relations with other states. At the beginning of the XXI century, international tourism became one of the most important economic activities in the world, and its history begins long before the invention of the word tourist in the late 18th century. According to the Western tradition, organized trips can be found in ancient Greece and Rome, which claim origins as "heritage tourism" (historical monuments of recognized cultural significance) and beach resorts. Analysis of global trends in active tourism shows that there is a growing interest in more extreme travel "nomadic recreation"; familyextreme trips; immersion in the ocean; space travel; micro-trips or weekend tours; extreme-recovery. In response to the growing demand, travel agencies in the European Union offer a wide range of cycling tours, hiking, rafting, diving, sightseeing, and fauna. Analysis of the development of tourism in Ukraine shows that due to the fast pace of life, inactive, addiction to gadgets, more and more tourists today have begun to prefer active recreation. This holiday will be especially interesting for citizens who live in highrise buildings, among the asphalt and want to change their everyday life for a while for the beauty and splendor of nature. Each region of Ukraine has potential opportunities for the development of each type of tourism: hiking, biking, car, water, fishing, hunting, horseback riding, and mountaineering. In recent years, there has been an increasing number ofspecialized tour operators and guides offering relevant services. Also, the network ofspecialized shops, suppliers, points of hire, and service of modern tourist equipment, establishments, various tourist information, maps, guides are expanded. Conclusions. It is claimed, thatthe word demand is growing for active, extreme tourism because humanity is increasingly suffering from overwork and digital dependence. Given that most areas suffer from overtourism new concepts of recreation are becoming increasingly popular, where it is possible to restore inner peace, mental and spiritual condition. In addition, the identity of local culture and the identity of territory have a significant influence on interest among tourists. Ukraine has the potential for the development of active types of tourism. Also, the world experience will help diversify the range of ideas for the development of tourism.

GAMBARAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 (Pada Siswa Kelas XII SMAN 1 Sukatani)

The Covid-19 virus is a virus that was originally found in China and has now spread to various regions, especially the State of Indonesia. This condition certainly has an impact on students' learning motivation, because students think they are bored and bored with online learning conditions. The purpose of this study is to find out a description of the motivation or encouragement of learning for class XII students at SMA Negeri 1 Sukatani during the covid-19 outbreak. This study uses a qualitative descriptive system. The data collection methods that I used in this study were interviews and documentation. The results prove that the study conducted on the four students at SMA Negeri 1 Sukatani still has the motivation to learn in the category of having student goals or aspirations; learning capacity; physical and spiritual condition; the condition of the student; dynamic factors of learning; teacher's efforts to teach students.Keywords: Covid-19, Motivation of Learning

KONSEP SABAR DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL–GHAZALI DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

The Covid-19 pandemic is an extraordinary event that is happening right now with various accompanying impacts, especially for the mental and spiritual condition of humans. Therefore, patience is one of attitudes and characters that must be owned by anyone, because it is believed that by being patient at least able to strengthen a person in the face of a pandemic situation. In Islam, patience is a noble character taught especially by Sūfīs like Al-Ghazali, thus this research was conducted to find out the concept of patience according to Al-Ghazali which includes the meaning of patience, the virtue of patience and its implementation in human life during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This type of research is a literature study with a descriptive analysis method. The conclusions of this study included the way s for having a patient nature according to al-Ghazali are by weakening the drive for lust and strengthening the driving force of religion. Patience in human life has implications for religious life and social life, so patience has the potential to make one's religious and social life better.

Marta Rzepecka: Archiwum kapituły i parafii Opatów

The aim of the following article is to present and analyse the collection of the Chapter and Parish Archive in Opatów. The Opatów chapter, existing for over eight centuries, is one of the oldest Polish collegiate chapters. The canons of Opatów produced a great number of records, which constitute an important source for the regional history. Unfortunately, through the centuries the documents of this archive have been depleted due to numerous wars, partitions, church fires and because of borrowing of these documents.The author concentrates on the archival sources ffom the Chapter and Parish Archive in Opatów. Among others, there are statutes and detailed reports of the Opatów chapter meetings ffom the years 1762-1822 and 1848-1972, original documents issued for the chapter and its church sińce the 16® century, the records of the bishops of Sandomierz, consistory’s and diocesan curia’s correspondence, inventories of a church property and benefices of St Marcin Church in Opatów. This archive materiał includes, among other things, information on canons, the chapter, a church property and on the materiał and spiritual condition of the parishioners. The other collection (The Parish Archive in Opatów) holds mainly registers. There are birth, marriage, death records. The oldest records are baptism ones. They have been kept sińce the beginning of the 17® century. The oldest death records are ffom the end of the 17® century, while marriage ones ffom the first half of the 18® century. The registers are connected with the banns books of the intended marriages and prenuptial exams. In the above-mentioned collection there are such books ffom the 20® century. Apart ffom registers, interesting materiał to leam the history of the parish of Opatów can be found in petty cash ledgers and minutę books such ecclesiastical institutions as the Third Order of St Francis, Rosary Fratemity, rosary groups and "Caritas"

Положение семей военнослужащих в годы Великой Отечественной войны

Introduction. The following aspects of this topic have not received thorough consideration: the interaction in the first years of the war of social security departments and military registration and enlistment offices in solving the problems of families of war veterans; periodization of policies to support military families; motivational nature of their main problems, etc. Methods and materials. The author used such methods of historical research as comparative historical, genetic, historical and anthropological, as well as the hermeneutics method, which allowed us to interpret various facts, events, government decisions related to the problems of families of war veterans during the war, by their voluminous and holistic perception. Analysis. The study includes the identification of the specifics of the policy of the Soviet state to support the families of military personnel at the first (1941–1942) and second (1943–1945) stages of its implementation, and also raises the problem of the causes of the plight of some families of war veterans during the war. Results. In the state policy of supporting families of war veterans during the war years, one can distinguish the initial stage (1941–1942) and the stage of systematic support of these families with the involvement of additional funds and organizational structures (1943–1945). Caring for the families of servicemen, their financial situation, spiritual and moral condition was one of the priorities of state policy during the war years. This allowed, along with other factors, to rally the people, bringing the Great Victory closer.

Alimentación y cultura en España

Moreover an evident answer to lively needed, culinary practice is alive expression of a whole hipe cultural aspects, so material or spiritual condition. Those have remained in the feeling of the people, and in many instances, changed, diversified, or even, dissapeared or faded away, according to temporal and spatial coordinates.A strong socio-economic and politic-religious transcript close to a diversity of landscapes, contributed to give distinction to alimentary customs of a country like Spain.Through the spanish case, we'll show how the gastronomy practice is undetacheble of daily occupation in all cultures, and so to transmit a whole of notions that make possible, each one's own situation, in the consideration that food constitutes one more aspect of cultural heritage of the people.

OPTIMIZING K-MEASN ALGORITHM USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TO GROUP STUDENT LEARNING PROCESSES

In the implementation of learning, there are several factors that affect the student learning process, including internal factors, external factors, and learning approach factors. Internal factors (factors within students), for example: the physical and spiritual condition of the student. Namely: physiological aspects (body, eyes and ears) and psychological aspects (student intelligence, student attitudes, student talents, student interests and student motivation). External factors (factors from outside students), for example: environmental conditions around students. Namely: social environment (family, teachers, community, friends) and non-social environment (home, school, equipment, nature). While the student learning approach factors, for example: The learning approach factor, namely the type of student effort which includes the strategies and methods used by students to carry out learning activities of subject matter, which consists of a high approach, medium approach and low approach. So the first focus of this research is to do student clustering based on their learning process using 11 parameters. Second, using the PSO algorithm to get maximum clustering results. The research data were obtained from vocational secondary education institutions in the city of Pasuruan. Where the data is data obtained from the results of school reports and questionnaires as much as 350 student data. Data attributes include environmental features, social features, and related school features to group student data for learning data processing. From the classification results using the PSO method, there are 0.97140754 silhouette values that are obtained because the distance between the data is very close. From these results indicate that the PSO method is able to improve the performance of the k-means clustering method in the classification process of student learning interest.

Towards the aesthetics of self-termination (suicide).

To end one’s life (suicide) creates a lot of questions concerning the identity and eventual emotional and spiritual condition of the person. Within a more religious context, the intriguing question surfaces: When a committed believer commits suicide, will such a person still go to heaven? The ethical dilemma evolves around questions regarding right (good/liberation) and wrong (evil/damnation), heaven or hell. Instead of a moral approach, the article opts for an aesthetic approach within the framework of a tragic hermeneutics of self-termination. Instead of applying the notions of “suicide” or “self-killing,” the concept of self-termination is proposed. A theology of dereliction is designed to explain the basic assumption: In a Christian spiritual assessment of “suicide,” the question is not about the how of death and dying but on the being quality of the sufferer. In his forsakenness, the suffocating Christ reframed the ugliness of death into the beauty of dying and termination: Resurrection hope! Several portraits are described from the viewpoint of literature, philosophical and poetic reflections regarding the complexity of the phenomenon of self-termination and its connection to the existential disposition of dreadful anguish; i.e., the ontic and tragic disposition of apathetic unhope (inespoir).

Взгляд на начало пути

The article raises the question of whether the question of human transformation was raised at the time of the entry of European civilization on the technogenic path of development and its transition to the modern era. We are talking about a short period of time (XVI century) and limited geographical space (Iberian Peninsula) in this spatio-temporal interval, you can find the actual and textual confirmation of the beginning of such a transition. The work, which is discussed in more detail – “New philosophy of nature man, not known and not reached by the great ancient philosophers, which improves human life and health. Compiled by Dona Oliva Sabuco” (1587). Her basic idea: on the physical condition, health and life expectancy of a person can be influenced if you study and understand how it is influenced by the inherent his passions, emotions. It is shown that the study of philosophical and medical texts the past allows you to find the points of transition to a new civilizational dominant, the central category that invariably remains “human”, earlier than in others areas of knowledge. It is in them that numerous intersection points are found: daily care of a person the search for true scientific knowledge about his anatomy and physiology and care for his moral and spiritual condition, upbringing and education subsequent generations and even the possibility of existence after death.

Эволюция государственного управления в странах постсоветского пространства. Азербайджанская Республика

In the article, the forma- tion and development of public administration in the Azerbaijan Republic is considered, firstly, in the context of the country’s history and culture, its natural, geographical, social, economic features; secondly, through the prism of the principles of sustainable development and the emerging trend in the formation of e-government. It is shown that over the years since independence, the Republic has managed to resolve a number of internal and external political problems, to overcome the consequences of a severe systemic crisis of the 1990s. Invariably the focus of attention of state bodies over the years has been economic issues, the problems of its diversifi- cation and the social and humanitar- ian sphere, its state, prerequisites and conditions for development. A comparative analysis based on offi- cial reports of international organi- zations shows that a number of important economic and social indi- cators of Azerbaijan are now at the same level as those of the G7 coun- tries. The achieved level of econom- ic development and implemented successful social policy became possible due to the formation of an adequate system of state and municipal government in the Republic. The article reveals the connection between the formation of an effective public administration system and the spiritual, moral, and cultural condition of society. The support by citizens of public admin- istration structures on the basis of trust creates a positive situation of synergy of management and social self-organization. It is emphasized that maintaining a sustainable development of society, its inclusive nature is possible with an advanced personnel policy in the field of public administration and the use of inno- vative technologies.

АВСТРИЙСКАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА КАК ФИЛОСОФИЯ: Г. БРОХ О КРИЗИСЕ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ОБЩЕСТВЕ ПОСЛЕ РАСПАДА ИМПЕРИИ

The article focuses on the philosophical aspect of the third part of the novel The Sleepwalkers (Die Schlaf-wandler, 1930–1932) by Austrian writer Hermann Broch (1886–1951). Broch’s views were shaped by Aus-trian literary impressionism; in his youth, Broch was also much influenced by Otto Weininger, admired Karl Kraus and Sigmund Freud. In Broch’s later works, researchers discover the legacies of Plato and Leibniz and claim that these philosophical schools were typical reference points for the Austrian thought. Analysis of literary works can help gain a better understanding of Austrian philosophy of the inter-war period. Not only do Broch’s novels mirror the versatile spiritual life of that period but they also show the development of a whole range of philosophical ideas and concepts. The style and language of The Sleepwalkers reflect the experimentation with new modes of expression in art as well as the author’s own attempts to create a new language and way of philosophizing in contrast to positivism. In the third part of the novel, Broch shows how difficult is the existence of a person who has lost their faith and the ability to comprehend com-plex metaphysical matters. The article outlines Broch’s vision of the new tasks that literature is facing in the conditions of the moral crisis he describes. Broch was mostly interested in axiological issues, around which he builds his novel. He also includes in his text extended philosophical interludes about the role of religion in the development of value orientations of his contemporaries. A special emphasis in the article is made on the concept of Sachlichkeit — practicality, which is also discussed by Karl Jaspers in his book The Spiritual Condition of the Age (Die geistige Situation der Zeit, 1932).

Dakwah Bil Haal Pondok Pesantren Al-Mutawally Di Desa Bojong Kecamatan Cilimus Kabupaten Kuningan

The purpose of this study is to describe the form of da'wah activity of bil haal Al-Mutawally Islamic Boarding School, and to find out the goals, targets and supporting and inhibiting factors carried out fromda'wah activities at bil haal Al-Mutawally Islamic Boarding School in Bojong Village, Cilimus District, Kuningan Regency. This study uses a qualitative method. The data collection techniques were carried out through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis technique. Meanwhile, the validity of the data was checked using the source triangulation technique. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Al-Mutawally Islamic Boarding School in carrying out its da'wah uses bil-lisan, bil-qolam and bil-haal da'wah, but what is more dominant isda'wah bil-haal such as providing scholarships, giving zakat and compensation for orphans . 2) The supporting factors of theda'wah activities bil-haal carried out by the Al-Mutawally Islamic Boarding School are the charismatic nature of the Al-Mutawally Islamic Boarding School Leaders, so that the community's response to the existence of the Al-Mutawally Islamic Boarding School is quite good. 3) The goals and objectives of the da'wah activities of the Al-Mutawally Islamic Boarding School are to create a quality, spiritual and intellectual condition of the surrounding community as the formation of civil society and build a community of faith and piety to Allah and His Messenger.

Terapi Dzikir Tarekat Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah dalam Peningkatan Kecerdasan Emosional

<p class="06IsiAbstrak">The remembrance (<em>dzikr</em>) is believed to have a therapeutic effect on human’s psychiatric condition. In the Islamic tradition, Sufi scholars have long used it as the therapy for increasing their students’ quality of the soul. The immaterial part of human being is believed to be the source of human behaviours, which means their quality of behaviour depends on that of their spiritual condition. In the perspective of modern psychology, the talk of human’s behavioural quality is closely related to the concept of emotional intelligence. It can be assumed therefore that the <em>dzikr</em> therapy can have positive affects on the emotional intelligence. This study seeks to prove the assumption. Located in Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, it is conducted to the students of Pondok Dzikir Miftahus Sudur and takes the Tarekat Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah’s ways of dzikr as the method of theraphy. The theraphy is given intensively for four weeks and the result proves that it can significantly increase their emotional intelligence.</p>

PENERAPAN PIDANA OLEH HAKIM TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PEMBAKARAN HUTAN (ANALISIS PUTUSAN NOMOR : 159/PID.B/LH/2018/PN.MRB DAN PUTUSAN NOMOR : 201/PID.B/LH/2017/PN.MRB)

Forests are an invaluable asset of the nation and state. The state based on its authority has made several legal products to protect forests from human actions. As happened in the jurisdiction of the Muaro Bungo District Court who has imposed a criminal offense against the perpetrators of forest fires in the ruling No.159 / Pid.B / LH / 2018 / PN.Mrb. and Decision No.201 / Pid.B / LH / 2017 / PN.Mrb. The problems to be studied are how the application of criminal sanctions, and Judges considerations in issuing criminal decisions against perpetrators of forest fires. The approach used is a normative approach. The data used are secondary data. The data used is only secondary data. The technique of data collection is through library research and document study in the form of Judge's Decree No.159 / Pid.B / LH / 2018 /PN.Mrb and Judge's Decree No. 201 / Pid.B / LH / 2017 / PN.Mrb. The data is then analyzed normatively and presented in a descriptive qualitative form. The results of the study showed that: First, the application of punishment by the judge in the decision No.159 / Pid.B / LH / 2018 / PN.Mrb. and Decision No.201 / Pid.B / LH / 2017 / PN.Mrb. that Article 56 Paragraph (1) in conjunction with Article 108 of Law Number 39 Year 2014 concerning Plantation in conjunction with Article 55 paragraph (1) 1st of the Criminal Code. Second, the judge's consideration in making a decision No.159 / Pid.B / LH / 2018 / PN.Mrb. and Decision No.201 / Pid.B / LH / 2017 / PN.Mrb. are: considerations of a juridical nature indictment, witness testimony, defendant's letter, evidence, non-juridical considerations: the defendant's physical and spiritual condition, as a result of the defendant's actions.

Living Within Our Limits: A Defense of the Fall

In this paper, we use the biology of pain and Augustinian insights into the relationship between physical and spiritual death to give a defense of the Fall. If we think of pain as, biologically, a limiting system but one that interacts with advanced rationality in such a way as to create a new experience of one’s biological limits, then one can use Augustine’s treatment of our experience of physical death as both a consequence and a symbolic check on our moral and spiritual condition to give an account of the Fall that is consistent with evolutionary theory.