Spirit Of Sports Research Articles

The spirit of sports as ideology: a theoretical framework

ABSTRACT The discourse surrounding the spirit of sports, especially under the purview of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), often centers on the philosophical implications of doping and fair play. This research aims to reframe the discussion by employing the lens of historical materialism and Marxist theory, considering sports not merely as isolated physical endeavors but deeply interwoven with societal and ideological transformations. This approach traces the evolution of sports from ancient times, where it served religious and communal functions, to its current status as a component of global capitalist culture. By analyzing the spirit of sports through the theoretical frameworks of Althusser and Žižek, this study explores how sports act as ideological state apparatuses (AIEs), shaping and being shaped by the prevailing economic and social structures. The core argument posits that the spirit of sports is both a reflection of and a contributor to the ideological superstructures that define different historical epochs. The analysis highlights the transition from viewing sports as communal and ritualistic engagements to mechanisms of capitalist ideology, emphasizing competition and profit. Through this historical and ideological critique, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the spirit of sports, challenging traditional perspectives that isolate sports from their socio-economic and ideological contexts. The findings suggest that any discussion about the spirit of sports, particularly in anti-doping debates, must consider the broader ideological forces at play, thereby opening pathways for a more nuanced understanding of sports ethics.

The Spirit of Archery——The Value of Traditional Archery from the Perspective of Cultural Psychology and Modern Sports

This study, from the perspective of cultural psychology, explores the intrinsic value of traditional archery (especially the archery culture in East Asia) and its impact and contribution to the spirit of modern sports. Through an in-depth study of historical literature combined with modern psychological theories, this paper analyzes elements such as psychological adjustment, moral cultivation, concentration of spirit, and self-transcendence within the archery culture. It also discusses how these elements integrate with and enhance the spirit of modern sports, providing new perspectives and profound insights for modern sports psychology, athletic training, and socio-cultural research.

Nueva exploración sobre el examen filosófico de la deportividad china

Abstract: Chinese sportsmanship is the essence of Chinese sports and national spirit, and the soul and essence of Chinese sports. In reality, people understand the sportsmanship as a form of exercise that is detached from the spiritual level, neglecting the spiritual value comparable to physical exercise, concealing its deep spiritual connotations and placing the spirit of sports in a corner, away from the “bravery of the soul and the vitality of the body” of sports. The philosophical foundation and historical development of Chinese sports spirit have been explored and examined, aiming to understand the profound connotation and value of Chinese sports spirit. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the spirit of Chinese sports has played a special leading role in China, and has been widely recognized and affirmed by the Party Central Committee and various social classes. However, people’s understanding of it is not deep enough and is only in the preliminary research stage. In order to adapt to various needs, the in-depth exploration of the philosophical examination of Chinese sportsmanship has significant theoretical value and practical significance. The Chinese sports spirit is not only about physical exercise, but also emphasizes physical and mental harmony, both internal and external cultivation, and the pursuit of a state of physical and mental pleasure and comfort. The Chinese sports spirit is in line with traditional Chinese philosophical thoughts, such as “harmony between heaven and man” and social harmony.

Motor Skill Development using Football – Specific Methods

The game of football is currently evolving rapidly, as shown in recent years, during which time the impact of the game's strategies and tactics as well as the competitive spirit of sports can be observed on both a national and worldwide scale. This article's goal is to help secondary school students develop their motor skills through methods unique to the game of football, taking into account the crucial role that sports games, particularly football, play in helping students reach their training process goals. The measuring and testing were done to emphasize the progression of the planned investigation.

Transformation of Numerical Efficacy of Civic Building in College Physical Education Courses Combined with Matrix Modeling

Abstract This paper firstly analyzes the developmental problems of the construction of the sports course ideology and politics in colleges and universities, starting from the value function of the construction of the sports course ideology and politics. Secondly, it constructs the evaluation index system for the construction of college sports course ideology and politics, utilizes the subordinate criterion function of the subordinate matrix model for the weight calculation of the index subordinate coefficients, and calculates the positive and negative ideal solutions and relative posting progress of each index through the TOPSIS method. Finally, in order to analyze the transformation of the number-based effectiveness of the construction of the college sports course ideology and politics, an example verification analysis was carried out. The results show that the transformation of digital effectiveness in the construction of the ideology and politics of sports courses in colleges and universities is mainly carried out through the shaping of students’ values, the cultivation of ideals and beliefs, and the analysis of the weights of the indexes points out the direction of the development of the construction of ideology and politics of sports courses. This shows that the transformation of the digital effectiveness of the ideological and political construction of physical education courses needs to start from the spirit of sports, which in turn promotes the ideological and political construction of physical education courses to boost the quality of physical education disciplines.

In Search of Clear Scientific Criteria for Including New Substances and Methods on the WADA Prohibited List

In the World Anti-Doping Code and in the practice of its application in the sports world, four criteria were elaborated to guide the process of including new substances and methods on the Prohibited List, namely representing an actual or potential risk to the health of athletes, enhancing sport performance, violating the spirit of sports, masking the use of other prohibited substances or prohibited methods. However, these criteria do not fully address the question of how the selection should be carried out when a substance or method is included on the Prohibited List. The approach according to which the presence of any two out of the three following criteria — enhancing sport performance, representing a risk to the health of athletes, violating the spirit of sports — in a specific case can hardly be considered exhaustive and definite (the fourth criterion — masking the use of other prohibited substances or methods — is self-evident). The authors identify new problems that need to be taken into account in the future. These are, in particular, the need to improve the decision-making procedure for including new substances and methods on the List and to make it more transparent and the need to normatively settle the issue of using new technological devices, more specifically nanotechnologies and nanomaterials (technological doping).

Cannabis Is Not Doping.

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) classifies cannabis, all phytocannabinoids, and synthetics as doping, except for CBD. For agency, a method for doping substance must meet two criteria: performance enhancement (ergogenicity), health risk, or violation of the spirit of sports. Cannabis is neither ergogenic nor ergolytic (performance worsens), and the health risks for athletes are overestimated after 20 years of research. The significant problem remains in the complex (and difficult interpretation) definition of the spirit of sports, which transcends the objectives of sports excellence (performance and injury prevention) for moral policing. This perspective presents an evidence-based counterargument recommending the removal of cannabis and phytocannabinoids from the WADA Prohibited List.

A Preliminary Study of The Ethical of The Spirit of The Chinese Women's Volleyball Teamfrom The Perspectiveof Traditional Chinese Taoism and Confucianism

The spirit of Chinese women's volleyball team in the new era, in which the motherland comes first, unity and cooperation, tenacity and perseverance, and never giving up, is a concentrated expression of the spirit of sports of the Chinese nation and a manifestation of the pursuit of the values of modern sports civilization. It is thought-provoking whether traditional Chinese culture has the ethical system to support the formation of the Chinese women's volleyball spirit. This study takes this as the base point and uses theories related to history, ethics, logic and culture, as well as literature and interviews, to analyse the traditional Chinese Confucian ethical system behind the spirit of women's volleyball. The study concludes that traditional Chinese Confucian ethics is closely linked to the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball, and provides the inner logic for the formation of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball, the basic guidelines for the practice of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball, and multiple forms for the expression of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball. The inner logic of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball team is rooted in the Confucian idea of "establishing virtue, merit and speech"; the basic guideline for the practice of the spirit of Chinese women's volleyball is the Taoist core idea of "doing nothing and "Defending the center"; The spirit of Chinese women's volleyball is manifested in various forms, including a positive attitude towards life, respect for the elderly, respect for teachers and a sense of righteousness in the face of profit, the pursuit of the spirit of "If a man in the morning hear the right way, he may die in the evening without regret", and a sense of national responsibility to "love the motherland and build a successful career".

YOUTH EMPOWERMENT IN NATIONAL SPORTS INDUSTRY AS A COMPONENT OF APPRECIATING PLURALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

This paper focuses on a balanced, integrated and blended effort at every level of government administration and community structure to empower and strengthen the nation's sports industry. In accordance with the endemic era, it was then used as an element of appreciation for the unity of Malaysia's plural society. This paper attempts to address the following topics: (i) the potential income of youth through the sports industry; (ii) The status and future prospects of the country's sports industry; (iii) The Ministry of Youth and National Sports Key Performance Index target and unemployment among the youth; (iv) Challenges and empowerment on the implementation of the term youth age limit; and (v) The spirit of Malaysian Family Sports. The primary objective of the discussion is to identify the debate regarding the government's role and efforts to align national sports with national development. In reality, the method utilised by the Ministry of Youth and National Sports is competitive with foreign sports industries. This paper uses secondary sources, such as research results published in journals, scholarly writing, online news sources, and public forums, to employ a qualitative methodology. According to the findings of the study, the progressive development of the country's sports industry can generate numerous benefits for individuals, communities, and the country, thereby boosting the country's total income and economy. Therefore, drastic measures must be taken so that the development of the sports industry is in line with the development of the nation and is not solely dependent on the Ministry of Youth and National Sports.

A Study on the Impact of Wushu Sports Health on College Students' Mental Health.

At the current university stage, university students are subjected to a variety of pressures such as role change adaptation pressure, study and life pressure, emotional pressure, economic pressure, employment pressure, and interpersonal pressure, which seriously affect their physical and mental health. Students with poor psychological tolerance may develop psychological disorders and, in serious cases, may even lead to mental illness. The results of the study indicated that 17%–20.23% of university students have psychological disorder problems. Excessive and long-lasting stress can cause psychological, depression and anxiety, physical fatigue, and discomfort, which can lead to various diseases and even death. It is, therefore, of great importance to study the state of mental health and stress among university students as well as to develop countermeasures to improve their mental health. This study focuses on the impact of martial arts sports on the mental health of university students. As a type of sport, martial arts sports are particularly special in which they can intertwine the nurturing spirit of traditional culture with the nurturing spirit of sports. The development of martial arts sports in colleges and universities can not only enhance the physical quality of college students but also promote the development of their physical and mental health. Therefore, this article takes Taijiquan as an example to explore the study of the impact of martial arts sports health on college students' mental health.

Analysis of Fleiable Quality in College Taekwondo Training

Taekwondo because of its function of physical defense and the unyielding spirit of sports, self-denial by many colleges and universities, more and more colleges and universities added taekwondo sports elective courses. At present, taekwondo teaching in colleges and universities is still in the development stage, and there are still many problems in training methods and strategies. Flexible quality training is an important part of taekwondo learning, which directly affects the level of taekwondo. Therefore, this paper analyzes the role of flexibility quality in college taekwondo training, and discusses the improvement strategy of training methods, aiming to provide some enlightenment for the development of college taekwondo teaching level.

Research on Basketball Basic Technology Design Based on Computer Online Teaching System

With the reform and update of the education system, experts found that the performance of information-based online teaching system in schools is very excellent. With the gradual development of online teaching system, people have developed the education in the new era into a new mode of independent research and development of information education [1]. As a popular sport, basketball not only improves people’s physical quality, but also carries forward the spirit of sports. On this basis, people plan to apply the online teaching system in the teaching of basic basketball skills. Firstly, This paper briefly describes the basic technology of basketball related concepts. Secondly, This paper also briefly describes the research level of online teaching system at home and abroad. Finally, this paper puts forward the strategy of constructing the online teaching system based on the basic basketball technology.

Research on the Implementation Path of Sports for Promoting the Cultivation of the Entrepreneurship of Higher Vocational Students

Since the slogan "Entrepreneurship by the masses, innovation by all" was put forward in 2014, innovation and entrepreneurship have gradually become an important basis for vocational education reform. Especially in recent years, under the background of increasing employment pressure of higher vocational students, innovation and entrepreneurship education has been widely integrated into all aspects of education and teaching in higher vocational colleges, which not only promotes the improvement of the comprehensive professional ability of higher vocational students, but also Provide necessary assistance for its subsequent good employment and development. In teaching, teachers can try to incorporate the spirit of sports into the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities, so as to improve the effectiveness of education and at the same time cultivate more innovative talents for the society. Based on this, this article will analyze the implementation path of sports to promote the cultivation of entrepreneurial spirit of higher vocational students, and propose some strategies for your colleagues' reference only.

When neither team wants to win: A flaw of recent UEFA qualification rules

Tanking, the act of deliberately dropping points or losing a game in order to gain some other advantage, is usually seen as being against the spirit of sports. It can be even more serious if playing a draw is a (weakly) dominant strategy for both teams in a match, since this may lead to collusion. We show that such a situation occurred in a particular football match. As our generalisation reveals, the root of the problem resides in the incentive incompatibility of certain UEFA qualification rules. The governing bodies of major sports should choose strategy-proof tournament designs because of several reasons. First, they may lead to the elimination of a third, innocent team. Second, incentive incompatible rules may discourage both teams from scoring goals, and the players could be interested in improving other match statistics than the number of goals.

The prevalence of doping among Saudi athletes: Results from the National Anti-Doping Program

ObjectivesThe abuse of substances banned by anti-doping authorities is a significant problem in sports. Recently, several doping cases have been reported by the media. Additionally, a large number of athletes have been found guilty of using banned substances. Although athletes believe that doping is against the spirit of sports and are aware of its consequences, they continue to use these substances. The consumption of banned substances among Saudi athletes is rising. This study aimed to investigate the abuse of drugs among Saudi athletes.MethodsA systematic random sampling cross-sectional survey was administered to all 15-45-year-old Saudi male athletes who were registered with Saudi Sports Federations and the General Sports Authority. From 2009 to 2018, 388 doping control officers participated in the National Anti-Doping Program across 460 facilities. The study necessitated 171 city visits for data collection.ResultsA total of 6306 samples were tested during the study period. There were 6165 negative and 141 (2.24%) positive samples for doping. We report a doping prevalence of 2.24% among Saudi athletes. During the study period, Saudi athletes from all types of sports were tested positive for doping. The number of positive samples was significantly higher among competing athletes than non-competing athletes.ConclusionDoping is a significant problem in KSA. For safe and fair play by all Saudi athletes, the National Anti-Doping Program should enhance the educational campaigns for all athletes in the country.

Ethical Concerns in Sport: When the Will to Win Exceed the Spirit of Sport.

Background: The need to advance and achieve success is deeply ingrained in human evolution. As a species, humans developed instincts that allowed them to survive and transmit their genes along generations. The will to win is an instinct that has been maintained in the species for millions of years. Sport is an activity as old as humans themselves and is subject to rules; Objective: The proposal of this work is to explore some of the most recurrent practices to achieve the athletes’ goals, and the origins and historical use of methods or substances to improve performance and its regulation, as well as to review the impact of new technologies on achieving better results and to make a proposal of what actions should be takenin order to prevent bad practices; Methods: A narrative literature review of ethical sports issues and decision-making was performed in the English language; Results: Practically all behavior with regards to the theme of sports is regulated by ethical codes that must be followed by sportspersons, as well as by everyone involved in the athlete’s healthcare and in the athlete’s administrative, marketing, and business aspects. Notwithstanding this, winning and reaping glory implies a reward far greater than fame and fortune, which can lead to poor ethical practices in athletes, as well as in interested parties who detract from the intrinsic value of the spirit of sports. The will to win could exceed the limits of what is permitted in fair-play, like the use of prohibited methods or substances; Conclusions: In this work, we review some of the bioethical aspects ofsports. Additionally, recommendations are offered for good practices and to prevent falling into poor ethical behavior.

Doping is Bless or Curse in Sports

The best athlete of the world in sports contests are certainly trained for extreme powers at their sports. The entire athlete utilizes all of their resources in getting the peak performance level, of being they know the sports rules, to which they must abide. Doping remains bless for athlete in primitives, while it is turned to curse at the back foot. The study examines the impacts of doping in relation to the history of doping, keeping in view the objectives, Doping is dangerous for young and vulnerable sportsman. Doping is contrary to the spirit of sports. In order to hand best results a likert type scale with three options and ten questions was constructed regarding ‘Doping Is Bless or Curse in Sports’ responded by the players and physicians of district karak.

Hormone abuse in sports: the antidoping perspective

Since ancient times, unethical athletes have attempted to gain an unfair competitive advantage through the use of doping substances. A list of doping substances and methods banned in sports is published yearly by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). A substance or method might be included in the List if it fulfills at least two of the following criteria: enhances sports performance; represents a risk to the athlete's health; or violates the spirit of sports. This list, constantly updated to reflect new developments in the pharmaceutical industry as well as doping trends, enumerates the drug types and methods prohibited in and out of competition. Among the substances included are steroidal and peptide hormones and their modulators, stimulants, glucocorticosteroids, beta2-agonists, diuretics and masking agents, narcotics, and cannabinoids. Blood doping, tampering, infusions, and gene doping are examples of prohibited methods indicated on the List. From all these, hormones constitute by far the highest number of adverse analytical findings reported by antidoping laboratories. Although to date most are due to anabolic steroids, the advent of molecular biology techniques has made recombinant peptide hormones readily available. These substances are gradually changing the landscape of doping trends. Peptide hormones like erythropoietin (EPO), human growth hormone (hGH), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are presumed to be widely abused for performance enhancement. Furthermore, as there is a paucity of techniques suitable for their detection, peptide hormones are all the more attractive to dishonest athletes. This article will overview the use of hormones as doping substances in sports, focusing mainly on peptide hormones as they represent a pressing challenge to the current fight against doping. Hormones and hormones modulators being developed by the pharmaceutical industry, which could emerge as new doping substances, are also discussed.

Drug Use in Sports and Exercise

Drug Use in Sports and Exercise

Are Doping Sanctions Justified? A Moral Relativistic View

Certain performance-enhancing substances and training methods are forbidden by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and other international sport organizations. The reasons usually given by ruling sports organizations to ban doping are: (i) doping is harmful to athletes' health; (ii) doping is unfair because athletes who are reluctant to use it do not have a fair chance when competing against doped athletes; (iii) doping runs counter to the ‘nature’ or the ‘spirit’ of sport, which is said to be to strive for victory by exhibiting natural physical skills and excellence of character without the help of any artificial products. In this essay, firstly, I will argue, contrary to (iii) above, that doping is not only compatible with, but also incarnates, the true spirit of modern competitive elite sports. Secondly, I will also argue, contrary to (ii) above, that, if the doping ban is kept, fairness (understood as equality of the relevant competitive conditions in a sport contest) demands more fine-tuned doping regulations and sanctions rather than increased standardization. This criticizes the IOC and WADA's current efforts to enforce general standards to punish doping violations, as their current policy fails to consider the social and sport-ethical particularities of the different communities from which dopers come.