Spirit Of Sacrifice Research Articles

Adam Smith’s Virtue of Prudence in E-Commerce: A Conceptual Framework for Users in the E-Commercial Society

As founder of modern political economics and prominent theorist of the commercial society, Adam Smith’s importance is universally recognized. Little, however, has been done so far to develop Adam Smith’s virtue ethics in the context of modern business, characterized by digitalization. This article aims to rediscover Adam Smith’s virtue of prudence and its relevance for the “e-commercial society”: It presents a framework that considers the central place of prudence in the relationship between a prosperous e-commercial system and societal flourishing. In Smith’s view of the commercial society, prudence enables people to develop habits of character related to industriousness, genuineness, spirit of sacrifice, and self-command, which help in the conduct of a prosperous business activity. This article translates Smith’s virtue of prudence into a language typical of consumers in the current e-commerce scenario, considering their development as persons and the contribution of their activities to the good of society.

Religious Radicalism: Deconstructing The Interpretation Of The Verse Of Jihad In The Qur'an

The purpose of this research is to describe the meaning of jihad in the perspective of the mufassirs, so that this jihad can be interpreted for the Muslim community not only in the form of fighting with physical combat and weapons, but has a deeper meaning than that. This research is a literature study (library research) by collecting data on primary and secondary sources related to the research theme. The results of this study can be concluded, that radical in substance and associated with the content of jihad contextually, the meaning of radicals who use terror activities. Terror can be interpreted as curbing da'wah and not broadcasting da'wah and Islamic law, on the basis that the strength of a Muslim's da'wah rests on the strength of faith, so that in its activities it shows the behaviour of believers to encourage amar ma'ruf and eliminate evil in a ma'ruf manner as well. Therefore, jihad in faith is a condition and situation in which a person will continuously preach in a ma'ruf manner until the evil disappears with the awareness of the perpetrators. Meanwhile, treasure jihad is the spirit of sacrifice in building Islamic law; building mosques in isolated places, donating property to the poor so that they can survive, and other things that require material in building the spread of Islam.

“Martyrs for God and Spain”. National Martyrdom in Spain from the Civil War to the Historical Memory Law

The article considers the ideology of national martyrdom in 20th century Spain, especially the cult of “martyrs for God and Spain” spread during the period of Spanish Civil War (1939–1939) and the reign of caudillo Francisco Franco (1939–1975). The author reasons that, as a mechanism for legitimization and mobilization, the idea of martyrdom for the nation was one of the integral parts of Francoist regime. The origins of this idea are traced back to several sources: “old” national martyrdom of 19th century Spain, associated with its struggle for independence from France, the sacrificial culture of local groups such as the Carlist and Jesuits, the ideology of the fascist Spanish Phalanx and some theological concepts put forward by distinguished Roman Catholic bishops in Spain. Particular attention is given to the discourse of José Antonio Primo de Rivera, the founder of Spanish fascism, who cultivated a “spirit of sacrifice” and promoted the veneration of dead Falangists as martyrs. Theory and practice of martyrdom in the Civil War are examined in relation to its conceptualization as a “Crusade”, which contributed to the junction between the images of military hero and martyr. After the end of war, this militaristic ideology became routinized and more peaceful, although preserving its unifying force. The article's final section examines the issues associated with the Valley of the Fallen memorial and the recent politics of “demartyrization” as part of overcoming the legacy of dictatorial rule. The author concludes that as long as José Antonio's body remain at the center of the Valley, state policy on “historical memory” and the cult of martyrs would remain conceptually incomplete.

A study of role of games and sports in national integration and international understanding

National integration is not a simple issue rather it is a slow and steady process. It will remain a dream and distinct goal to achieve National integration unless concrete steps are taken to foster it. The rise and fall of a nation depends upon the extent of the development of a feeling of nationalism in its citizens. Hence this feeling needs to be nurtured, cultivated and strengthened by all possible ways and means. In modern society it seems that sport is one of the most important and effective means to achieve this great task. As India is a big country the inhabitants of which belong to various communities and groups. The cultural patterns of all these communities and groups are different. It is obvious to have different ideals, values, customs traditions, ways of living, eating and dressing in different communities and groups. This is true that India represents a wide variety of peoples. There was no time when one language was spoken throughout the country never was the time when all the Indians followed any one religion these diversity is often lead to mutual tension and then unfortunately towards National disintegration. Strength of the nation depends on the degree of homogeneity of its people which again depends upon the acceptance of common standards and values. Therefore, the need and importance of National integration cannot be over emphasized. The scope of sport is very vast it includes all those activities and experiences which prepare the individual to engage himself for his own good and for good of the society of which he is an integral part. Participation in sport create a climate that would help to create feelings of oneness. It acts as anti dote to separatistic and divisive forces. It broadens the outlook, fosters a feeling of togetherness and nationalism and a spirit of sacrifice and tolerance so that the narrow group interest are submerged in a larger interest of the community. It also includes a feeling of love and regard for the history, culture, religion, language and traditions of the nation. Therefore, importance of participation in games and sports and it's role in promotion of national integration and international understanding needs to be analysed. The present paper is focused upon to have an analytical study of how participation in games and sports could be instrumental in promoting National integration among its citizens. Aim: The principal aim of this paper is to highlight the role of games and sports in promoting national integration and international understanding.

안중근 의사를 제재로 한 중국 시가 연구Ⅱ ― 특별한 타자 및 제삼자적 인식과 감정의 표현을 중심으로

Chinese poems written on the theme of Ahn Jung-geun were generally created with three central eras as root: the period of evidence and sacrifice, the period of the May 4th Movement, and the period of the Sino-Japanese War. If you look at the entire catalog, it can be largely divided into two, of which one is the mourning and praising of Ahn Jung-geun. Ahn Jung-geun, who took revenge for the country, was praised as a symbol of ideal national character for patriotism, independence, martial spirit, and spirit of sacrifice in the first period. This was a distinction from the

The Connotation and Path Selection of Continuing Local Red Culture in Guangzhou's Universities, Middle Schools and Primary Schools

Red culture is a special cultural form formed and developed by the party leading the people in the process of revolution, construction and reform, and it is the party's precious material wealth and spiritual wealth. Guangzhou's red cultural resources carry the magnificent revolutionary history of Guangzhou during the new democratic revolution, the arduous struggle history of Guangzhou during the socialist revolution and construction period, and the entrepreneurial history of Guangzhou in the new era of reform and opening up. The spirit of sacrifice, courage to fight, sacrifice one's life for me, dare to be the first, keep upright and innovate. Integrating Guangzhou red culture into schools of all levels and types plays an irreplaceable and important role in strengthening and improving ideological and political education in universities, middle and primary schools.

대한민국 육군사관학교 양성교육 변천 과정 분석

This study firstly identified the key subjects and contents of education of the Korea Military Academy(KMA) from 1946 to the present and analyzed by applying the elements of Samuel P. Huntington's military professionalization. The training process for cadets of the KMA can be divided into four periods. First, the introduction period of professionalization(1946-1950) continued its efforts to train elite officers as a regular Military Academy despite poor conditions for professionalization. However, due to the outbreak of the Korean War, these efforts were stopped and did not bear fruit. Second, the beginning of professionalization(1951-1960) was the first step toward professionalization when the regular four-year Military Academy was reopened during the Korean War. Although it began by imitating the system of the U.S. Military Academy(USMA), an educational system for military schools with military expertise as a beginner commander and national guardianship began to be established. Third, in the period of professionalization development(1961-1980), due to North Korea's frequent armed provocations and participation in the Vietnam War, graduates of the military history had the opportunity to participate in the war, and their experience factors were reflected in the military history curriculum. The spirit of sacrifice and patriotism shown by the graduates of the KMA served as an example for the cadets to establish a view of the state and life. Fourth, in the period of settlement(1981-present), various educational programs were implemented to establish new education courses to keep pace with the rapidly changing security environment, internationalization, and information age. As such, it can be seen that the training process of the KMA has gradually changed from simply training officers to systematic education for professionalization. Based on the results of future research, it will be possible to more clearly see the impact of each military academy's education on professionalization by comparing and analyzing the training education system of Naval and Air Force academies.

조용필 노랫말 속 사회상과 문학적 표현

This study set out to analyze the social nature of Cho Yong-pil’s lyrics and examine the ways social aspects are expressed and messages reflected in Korean popular songs. The findings were as follows. First, Cho’s songs such as <Come Back to Busan Port>, <Seoul, Seoul, Seoul>, and <Arirang in My Dream> were written to commemorate historical moments. <Come Back to Busan Port> offers lyrics reflecting the pain of family separation due to the Japanese occupation, national unity, and his wish for the unification of North and South Korea. <Seoul, Seoul, Seoul> focuses on the placeness of Seoul and paints a depressing outlook for the social aspects that the nation would face after the Seoul Summer Olympic Games. <Arirang in My Dream> reinterprets the Arirang folk song that represents the history of the Korean people’s suffering, indicating that the history of Korea faces a grand turning point. Secondly, <The Empty Sky>, <Life>, and <1987 of Seoul> reflect people’ aspirations for anti-autocracy and democratization. <The Empty Sky> and <Life> are set against the backdrop of “Seoul’s Spring in 1980” and the “Gwangju Democratization Movement of May,” depicting the dream of democratization that was lost in the “empty sky” and the noble spirit of sacrifice of democratic souls. The lyrics of <1987 of Seoul> talk about the historical site of a democratic protest on June 10 and the beginning of the democratic society that the Korean people finally won. Lastly, <Ilseong> represents people’s anger toward the political world. Its lyrics are impressive for their harsh political satire. <My Friend’s Morning> and <One Day on the Way Back Home> talk frankly about the anxiety and alienation of the middle aged and the older generations that faced a rapidly changing social situation after the foreign currency crisis. These findings show that many of Cho Yong-pil’s songs contain social messages in their lyrics, that the lyrics of his songs did not enjoy as much attention as their popular awareness, that it was inevitable for him to hide his original intentions with literary expressions, and that he continued to deliver his social messages.

Sakinah Family Establishment in The Modern Era from The Perspectives of Hamka and Quraish Shihab

This article explains the concept of establishment of the sakinah family according to the perspective of Hamka and Quraish Shihab. This is a qualitative research which utilizes data sourced from literature. This article shows that according to Hamka, modern Sufism can be used as a solution to achieve a happy family in this world and the hereafter, regardless of the stigma that marriage is only to have children. Sufism does not only mean zuhud which is lonely, away from the world normally, but must actively work. As for the meaning of zuhud according to Hamka, is ready to be poor, rich, and to not have any penny, and on the other hand, being willing to become a millionaire, but wealth does not the cause of forgetting God, and neglecting the obligations. This is in line with the concept that taught by Islam, that Islam advocates the spirit to fight, the spirit of sacrifice and work not to be lazy. According to Quraish Shihab, The presence of sakinah does not just come, but there is a condition for its presence, the heart must be prepared with patience and piety.

MOTOR GAMES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL

Achieving success is influenced in a significant percentage by the difficulties of adaptation, motivation, but also by the skills with which the student is endowed. Practice has shown that most of the time, the stronger the motivation and the activity is appreciated and rewarded, the more intense the learning. An important means for motivating students is the game, which is an excellent means of experimentation and continuous improvement of children's sensory-motor resources, thus giving free rein to the imagination structuring new movements, which they repeat in various combinations, thus contributing to the progressive development of thinking, memory and creativityWe can say that the true measure of intelligence is not only given by IQ, but also EQ which seems to have a major contribution. It translates into self-control, despite difficulties, and the ability to "read" the feelings of others as well as one's own. The game gets people used to accept defeats, but also victories with dignity. These qualities learned on the sports field will be successfully transposed into social and professional life and into life. One could enumerate a multitude of moral qualities that are cultivated through play: the spirit of sacrifice, perseverance, courage, which can be developed even by using the simplest games. A series of games develop visual acuity, hearing, intelligence, observation. There are no physical or intellectual qualities that cannot be developed through games.

Yves Baticle and Christophe Pavie. Écrire un roman coopératif avec sa classe. (Writing a cooperative novel with one’s class). Preface by Sylvain Connac. Lyon: Éditions de la Chronique sociale, coll. Pédagogie Formation, 2020. Pp. 144. ISBN 978-2-36717-677-2

Developing the sense of writing with one’s class through a cooperative novel. Yves Baticle and Christophe Pavie, the first being headmaster and teacher, trainer of young teachers, intervenient at the University of Caen in the interdegrees, the second, trainer in French, in interdisciplinarity, in the interdegrees, in interculturality and in international courses at the INSPÉ (Institut National Supérieur du Professorat et de l’Éducation) of the University of Caen, Normandy, offer us, through this perfectly structured book, a method of didactic approach to writing through the creation of a novel. Dedicated to students aged 8 to 12, this book can expand its target audience up to 18 years. The discerning reader, the teacher interested in improving his working methods with the students and preparing them for a better world, will find much to learn from these experiences. Another very important finding in the economy of this book is that it is addressed only to teachers endowed with a particular sensitivity for reading, able to live the pulse of words and sentences, able to combine ideas and endowed with enormous patience and the joy of offering. For the profession of teacher, more than any other or a little like that of a doctor or a priest, is not a profession, it is a vocation that involves the spirit of sacrifice, the happiness of offering, an enormous patience. If all this exists, the result of the work with students is guaranteed. Would there be a greater reward?

The Wild <i>Volksmoeder </i>in the Forest: An Analysis of the Human-Nonhuman Relationship in Dalene Matthee’s <i>Dreamforest</i> (2003)

South African novelist Dalene Matthee’s last forest novel, Dreamforest, was published in 2003. This novel concludes her tetralogy of historical fiction novels focusing on the poor white timber community living in the Eastern Cape’s tropical Knysna forest. Initially the representation of a human-nonhuman relationship in Dreamforest suggests a connection between the sexist and classist treatment of the protagonist, Karoliena, and the deforestation of the Knysna forest. When Karoliena rejects the town’s prescript of Afrikaner nationalist volksmoeder identity, which South African theorist, Elsabé Brink (1990: 280), describes as an emulation of characteristics including a ‘sense of religion, bravery, a love of freedom, the spirit of sacrifice, self-reliance, [and] housewifeliness’, it is suggested that she opposes homogenous, monolithic racial and gender classifications. However, the reunion of Karoliena and Johannes at the end of the novel initiates Karoliena’s acceptance of the volksmoeder identity, and by implication, her rejection of the forest. Her return to Johannes therefore suggests that the nonhuman is only ever an instrument in the poor white Afrikaans woman’s search for identity and her feminist upliftment project(s). The following article analyses the depiction of this human-nonhuman relationship, primarily utilising Tiffany Willoughby-Herard’s work in whiteness studies.

The Education of Multi Religious Culture on Madrasah Aliyah: Study at Abu Hurairah Islamic Boarding School Mataram West Nusa Tenggara

Education in the Islamic boarding school not only emphasize on cognitive acquire, but also how to implement the values of that cognitive comprehension itself. Therefore, Islamic boarding school develops the religious culture to embody the positive behavior to students in their daily life through religious values. For this reason, this study aimed to find out the values of religious culture existed in Islamic boarding school. This study was a qualitative descriptive design.Observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed comprised of four components, namely 1) Data collection, 2) Data Reduction, 3) Data display, and 4) Data verifications or conclusion. The result of this study showed that; 1) The type of religious culture implemented at Abu Hurairah Islamic boarding school Mataram west Nusa Tenggara on Madrasah Aliyah (Senior High School) include; Smile and Greeting habituation, mutual respect, and tolerance, praying Dhuha, Praying Zuhur on the congregation, tadarrus Al-Qur’an (learning Al-Qur’an) / Tahfiz Al-Qur’an (memorizing of Al-Qur’an), 2) the implementation of Religious culture. Values in teaching and learning at Abu Hurairah Islamic boarding school Mataram west Nusa Tenggara on Madrasah Aliyah (Senior High School) through the activities of curricular, co-curricular, and extracurricular. The values of religious culture embodied by students included; the spirit in obeying rules of Islamic religion, the spirit of mutual help, the spirit of brotherhood, the spirit of sacrifice, spirit to love science, spirit for working hard, and spirit of tolerance. 3) The implication of embodiment values of the multi-religious culture at Islamic Boarding Schools was impacted to all Islamic Boarding Schools officials, especially to the students, they have good behavior, speak politely, always respect towards diversity, more active in social activity in the society, mutual help, more discipline, and more competitive in facing the social problem in society, and the graduates has ability to compete to be accepted in the State University or private university.

Primera centuria de la presencia de Hideyo Noguchi en el Perú.

En este año 2020 se conmemora un siglo de la presencia física de Hideyo Noguchi en el Perú. Noguchi arribó en el marco de sus investigaciones científicas acerca de la fiebre amarilla que asolaba el norte de nuestra patria. Aquella época de epidemia e incuria, de penuria y descalabro de diversos órdenes en el tejido social, fue similar a la circunstancia que ahora nos toca vivir, y por ende hoy es necesario recordar la imagen inspiradora de este médico y prohombre, no exento de complejidades ni de errores en su naturaleza humana, pero dotado de profunda convicción, espíritu de sacrificio y entrega a la humanidad doliente a través de la ciencia. La centuria de la presencia física de Hideyo Noguchi en el Perú motiva el boceto de este perfil biográfico.

Implications, spiritual characteristics and practical significance of Chinese schistosomiasis control culture

The culture of schistosomiasis control is specific in the history of Chinese culture. Broadly speaking, the culture of schistosomiasis control is a summary of specific social mood, social consciousness and material culture created by Chinese populations during the progress of schistosomiasis control since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Narrowly speaking, the culture of schistosomiasis control is the spiritual culture that is jointly created and nurtured by schistosomiasis control workers since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The spiritual features of Chinese schistosomiasis control culture are characterized by the patriotism and care about the people, the matter-to-fact attitude, the pioneering and enterprising spirit, and the spirit of sacrifice and dedication. The ultimate goal of the research on the culture of schistosomiasis control is to facilitate the achievement of the strategic goal of Healthy China 2030 as scheduled, accelerate the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis, and to promote the sustainable development of schistosomiasis control in China.

Interview: The legacy of Giovanni Falcone: Never lower your head, be brave and always fulfil your commitments until the end

Your brother was a great judge and statesman, among the first to understand the real dimensions of the mafia phenomenon and the importance of judicial cooperation. His work and legacy have helped to change the strategies to combat organized crime. His path has been defined by the spirit of sacrifice and the awareness of risks. He was born and he lived in Sicily and was surrounded by forms of acceptance and resignation caused by the Mafia. What was his relationship with his land? Can you tell us about how he developed his strength and determination in Sicily?

“If You Could Die…”: Hart Crane’s “Accursed Share” in Mexico

This article explores the “spirit of sacrifice” and the influence of Aztec religion, as analyzed by Georges Bataille in various writings, on two poems written by Hart Crane in Mexico shortly before his suicide.

Intelligence gathering and the relationship between rulers and spies: some lessons from eminent and lesser-known classics

This paper aims to examine the relevance of intelligence gathering as an essential prerequisite for any political or military decision, and the resulting special relationship between rulers and spies, through a theoretical comparison between renowned classics and niche literature on strategy, literature, philosophy and political science belonging to several periods and historical contexts. Findings suggest that criticism on intelligence does not concern its utility, but rather the reliability of the sources, the obstacles presented by intelligence gathering and the ethics of spying. Spies are often described as ‘ramifications’ of the ruler, to whom they are tied by a special relationship of trust, rooted in a spirit of sacrifice, adequate remuneration and honours.

Peran Guru dalam Penanaman Nilai Karakter Religius di Lingkungan Sekolah pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

The purpose of this study was to find out the value of religious character in the school environment in class IV SDN NO 20 / I Jembatan Mas. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The implementation of this research was in SD Negeri 20 / I Jembatan Mas. Administratively it entered the Pemayung District of Batanghari Regency. Data collection is done by observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques are done by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The conclusion of this study is the role of the teacher in planting religious character in the school environment for fourth grade students SDN No.20 / I Jembatan Mas has sought to maximize using the role as an educator while acting as a teacher, both inside and outside the class and has been categorized well. By means of spending time to pray in congregation with discipline and discipline in the mosque, good manners to speak between students, students and teachers, dressing close to genitals, cultivating smiles, greetings and greetings, pairing the work of students in the form of photos and motto containing messages religious values. but it is expected that the need for participation is not only from the implementation but also the support of the role of the family and the community around the students need to be considered. In religious values ​​can also be contained in the form of; the spirit of sacrifice, caring for others, helping each other, the behavior of the tradition of prayer in congregation, love to pray, diligent study and other noble behavior.

The Presumption of Innocence: an Antidote for Sacrificial Venom? Patterns of Girard’s ‘Primitive’ Sacred in Late Medieval and Early Modern Criminal Law

This paper interprets the presumption of innocence as a conceptual antidote for sacrificial tendencies in criminal law. Using Girard’s philosophy of scapegoat mechanisms and sacrifice as hermeneutical framework, the consanguinity of legal and sacrificial order is explored. We argue that some legal concepts found in the ius commune’s criminal system (12th-18th century), like torture, infamy, or punishment for mere suspicion, are affiliated with scapegoat dynamics and operate, to some extent, in the spirit of sacrifice. By indicating how these concepts entail more or less flagrant breaches of our contemporary conception of due process molded by the presumption of innocence, an antithesis emerges between the presumption of innocence and sacrificial inclinations in criminal law. Furthermore, when facing fundamental threats like heresy, the ius commune’s due process could be suspended. What emerges in this state of exception allowing for swift and relentless repression, is elucidated as legal order’s sacrificial infrastructure.