National Spirit Research Articles

Rejection of Former Shia Community in Sampang Perspective on Human Rights Law: Discourse of Religious Rights and Freedom in Indonesia

Tajul Muluk and 274 former Shia have not been able to return to their hometowns in Sampang District, even though they have pledged repentance to return to Sunni teachings on November 5, 2020. The formulated research problems consisted of: first, what was the position of former Shia adherents in Sampang District based on the perspective of rights and freedom of religion in Indonesia? And second, what was the form of violation of the right to freedom of religion in the case of community rejection of former Shia in Sampang District? This research utilizes empirical legal research methods combined with sociological and anthropological approaches. The research results concluded: First, the existence of former Shia adherents as refugees should be treated as a violation of the constitutional mandate of Indonesia which forbids acts of violence and violations of religious rights and freedoms, of all Indonesian citizens. Second that they were accused of embracing a deviant religious sect, is evidence to their religious minority status; and third the expulsion of the former Shia adherents was a violation of the right to freedom of religion. which had been regulated in the constitution, laws, and regulations under the constitution and the spirit of the Indonesian nation.

Maintenance of National Values, the Role of Indonesian Language as Nationalism

Understanding the position and function of Indonesia can be the basis for fostering a spirit of nationalism among young people and students. In this case, Indonesian has two positions, namely as a national language and a state language. In its position as a national language, the language functions as a symbol of national pride, national identity, a means of communication between citizens, between regions and between cultures, and a means of unifying ethnicity, culture and language in the archipelago. Meanwhile, in its position as a state language, Indonesian functions as an official state language, a language of education, a means of communication at the national level and a tool for developing culture, science and technology. Remembering the importance of the position and function of the Indonesian language, the author invites young people and students to maintain and continue to develop so that the Indonesian language continues to survive and develop in the future

Educational value in foot stories from Surabaya to support character learning in school

Introduction: Character education for children today is very important to improve. One of the efforts to improve children's character education is through folklore. The purpose of this study is to describe the inculcation of educational values in Folklore from Surabaya as a supporter of character learning in elementary schools. Methods: Research on planting educational values in folklore from Surabaya to Support Character Learning is a qualitative descriptive study. The research approach used in this study is pragmatic. In the pragmatic approach, it is related to benefits or utility as stated by Horatius. A pragmatic approach is an approach that sees literary works as a medium to convey certain goals to the reader. These goals can be in the form of goals that have to do with education, morals, politics, religion, or other goals. Results: The approach in this study refers to the educational value in Folklore from Surabaya which consists of nine stories. Sawunggaling Folklore contains several character values, namely, persistence, love for the homeland, and responsibility. The Kalimas legend contains the character values of mutual cooperation, the spirit of nationalism (nationalism), and love for the homeland. The Story of the Origin of Ketintang Village contains the character of caring, responsibility, mutual cooperation, persistence, and perseverance, tolerance, hard work, creativity, and independence. The fairy tale of Jaka Dolog is a fairy tale with the theme of the need for honesty. Ki Ageng Jangrana who rebelled against the Dutch was a form of nationalism, responsibility, and self-sacrifice character values. In Folklore from Surabaya, religious values are found in the stories of Ki Ageng Brondong and Sunan Ampel. Conclusion: Folklore originating from Surabaya contains educational values ​​that can be adopted by teachers to support student character education.

The Importance of Character Education Through History Education in the Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0

The industrial revolution 4.0 challenges educational progress in a better direction, so managers must be able to prepare and produce graduates who are mentally ready to prepare knowledge and character-based jobs. The writing of this article aims to strengthen character education which is important to be carried out in anticipation of the negative impact of the industrial revolution 4.0. namely by integrating character education through historical education. This research uses the library research method. This method is a method that elaborates on various kinds of literature in the form of books, journals, or literature that is relevant to the theme of writing. The important stages of the library method are, choosing a research theme/topic, seeking information, setting a research focus, collecting sources, making reports, processing research notes, making research notes, and reading data sources. The result of this research is that strengthening character education through historical education during the industrial revolution 4.0 is important to do. Things that can be done in shaping these characters are through local history-based history learning and using media that developed in the 4.0 revolution, such as comics and the storyboardthat.com application that uses the internet network. Through history education, students can understand all kinds of national problems with historical messages, so that students have the ability to think critically, creatively, wisely, empathically, independently, with a national spirit and with dignity.

THE VALUES OF CHARACTER EDUCATION IN THE PAPPASANG MANDAR TEXT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR MANDAR SOCIETY

<div>This research used a qualitative approach to explore character education values in the Pappasang Mandar text. This research method involved an in-depth analysis of various aspects of the characters reflected in the text. The results of data analysis show that Pappasang Mandar consistently contains several fundamental character values, including Respect, Responsibility, Justice, Citizenship, Religious, Honesty, Tolerance, Discipline, Hard Work, Creative, Independent, Democratic, Curiosity, National Spirit, Love of the Motherland, Friendly/Communicative, Love of Peace, Love of Reading, Care for the Environment and Care for the Social. In addition, this research highlights the significant role of Pappasang as a life guide in Mandar society, which is not only considered a text but an integral part of people's daily lives. This text establishes norms that lead to positive values, making it an essential instrument for shaping the behavior and thinking patterns of the</div><div>Mandar community. This implication illustrates that Pappasang is not just a cultural heritage but also a tool that influences and enriches the lives of society. This research contributes to understanding character values in the Mandar cultural context. Its practical implications are relevant in educational curriculum development, emphasizing developing and strengthening students' character. These findings can be a valuable guide for educators and policymakers</div><div>in designing a holistic curriculum, which does not only focus on academic aspects but also the formation of solid character.</div>

Implementation Model of Character Education Values in the Islamic Boarding School System

School is a time of character growth, which greatly determines a person's moral and intellectual foundations throughout his life. To build students' personalities, education must have a mission that shapes students' personalities. Character education basically focuses on building students who are cultured and dignified. All characters can change, and education is needed to change character. Using qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach. Basically, the results of the research show that both Islamic boarding schools both implement the character education values ​​proclaimed by the Ministry of National Education, namely values ​​originating from religion, which in this case is Islam, Pancasila, culture, which are in accordance with the objectives of national education, namely: ( 1). Religious, (2). Honestly, (3). Tolerance, (4). Discipline, (5). Hard work, (6). Creative, (7). Independent, (8). Democratic, (9). Curiosity, (10). National spirit, (11). Love of the homeland, (12). Appreciating achievements, (13). Friendly/communicative, (14). Love peace, (15). Likes to read, (16). Care for the environment, (17). Social care, and (18). Responsibility. Supporting factors in implementing the character education model are: The presence of parental participation, Motivation, Leadership, and commitment to cooperation between the Islamic boarding school and parents, while the inhibiting factors in implementing the character education model are: Still minimal attention from parents, Insufficient environment. support, and limited supervision from teachers, caregivers and parents.

Chinese Education and Its Historical Root

The paper embarks on an exploratory journey to understand the historical roots of contemporary Chinese education by analyzing its characteristics that mirror older traditions. The formation and evolution of the Chinese educational system are influenced by a myriad of factors, most notably its historical educational paradigms. The Imperial Examination System, which endured for millennia, has had a profound impact on the trajectory of education in China, including the ideals of fairness, the examination pattern, and the nation spirit. This paper aims to delve into this perspective in depth, concentrating on themes such as the historical underpinnings of the Imperial Examination System, its influence on contemporary Chinese education, and the symbiotic relationship between the two. Drawing upon the authors firsthand experience and observations as a participant in the Chinese education, the paper also offers recommendations for its future advancement. These suggestions are formulated with an understanding that while the roots of education may lie in the past, its branches must extend towards the needs and challenges of the future.

Pengaruh Nasionalisme Soekarno Terhadap Ketatanegaraan dan Politik Islam di Indonesia

This article analyses the influence of Soekarno's secular nationalism in forming the Indonesian state. Soekarno, as one of Indonesia's proclaimers of independence and its first president, had a key role in shaping the new country's national identity and political direction. This article describes how Soekarno's secular views influenced the struggle for independence and the formation of the Indonesian state and how this vision of secular nationalism was reflected in various policies and programs of his government. In his writings, Soekarno emphasized the importance of Pancasila as the basis of an inclusive state ideology and reflected the spirit of secular nationalism. Soekarno's vision of secular nationalism was also reflected in his efforts to advance social and economic equality among the Indonesians and promote national independence through industrialization and the nationalization of vital assets. However, this article also highlights the controversy and criticism that Soekarno faced regarding his approach, which tended to be authoritarian in dealing with political opposition and resistance from certain religious groups. At the end of his reign, Sukarno's secular nationalist views began to be challenged by various groups who emphasized religious identity in political discourse. Overall, this article presents a comprehensive picture of the influence of Soekarno's secular nationalism in forming the Indonesian state. Although some aspects of his political approach are controversial, the legacy of Soekarno's secular nationalism remains an important part of Indonesia's national identity. It is relevant in facing the nation's future challenges.

A LOOK AT NATIONAL EDUCATION IN THE WORKS OF THE STORYTELLER TURMAGAMBET IZTILEUOV

In literary studies, we see that research on the works of Syr region storytellers has led to the joint writing of various new directions. The article reveals the scenes of national education and cognitive foundation in the works of Syr region storyteller T.Iztleuov. In other words, the influence of national education on the psyche of the nation, its mental attitudes, and imagery in a broad concept is taken entirely and interpreted as a pledge of education.It provides for the formation of the worldview of the younger generation, and the education of patriotism. It follows from this that the examples and aitys, the poems of T. Iztleuov are a poetic expression of the spirit of the nation. The culture, history, and education of the nation as a whole are preserved in the works of Syr region storytellers. It is also established that one of the main functions of education is morality.Therefore, taking the education of a person as an object, considering him in a scientific system, and taking into account the need to study his cognition and thinking depending on psychological units and didactic concepts, in our article we set a goal to analyze their paradigms. Keywords: materials, cognition, national worldview, semantic paradigm, didactics, spiritual wealth, national spirit, edification, propaganda-commandment, world civilization.

The Role of Civic Education in Building Political Awareness of Generation Z Young People

Civic Education has a high role in increasing the spirit of nationality, especially for generation Z as the nation's successor who is expected to contribute to his country.Our reason for choosing the role of civic education in building young people's political awareness and many generation z who prefer abstention in general elections because they think that there are no political parties that can be trusted.This research uses interview and documentation methods. The interview method is like asking generation Z youth about the role of Civic Education in shaping political awareness and the documentation method we do is like taking pictures to document the physical or visual state of an event object.Many young people are less aware of politics in addition to generation Z youth do not care about politics.Starting from questions to high school students who say that civic education lessons do not increase awareness of politics.Then there are also many generation Z youth who do not use their voting rights or choose to abstain, fulfilled with quite logical reasons.Rethinking the importance of political participation in realizing political democracy. It is appropriate for young people to open political insights so that whatever public opinion is given regarding the political process is not accepted raw. Because one vote in the general election will determine the direction this nation will take. Choosing is not easy, but not choosing is not a wise attitude..

THE IMAGE OF PATRIOTISM OF TIGRAN THE GREAT HIGH TIP

The article briefly discusses the image of Tigran the Great (95-55 BC) in the field of literature, sculpture, painting, and music. His image was presented as the supreme symbol of patriotism. Armenian artistic authors almost did not refer to the image of Tigran the Great. Only historians have reflected within the framework of the topic. Meanwhile, in the years 1684-1858, a new "Tigran" opera was born on European stages every decade. The reason was perhaps the absence of Armenia's independence and state thinking. The image of the Armenian king has been referred to by Armenian authors since the first half of the 1940s, during the Soviet Patriotic War. In order to raise the patriotic and fighting spirit of the Soviet people fighting against fascism, historical figures were presented in art, literature and other fields. Tigran the Great, the embodiment of the patriotic spirit, unbreakable perseverance, physica and mental strength, the bearer of the idea of victories and world domination, became a popular figure. Since that period, historical works, paintings and sculptures dedicated to Tigran the Great, with a patriotic orientation, have been created. Each of them has a great contribution in popularizing the image of the greatest Armenian ruler, Tigran the Great. There is still no known king in the world, whose image has moved and fascinated European composers as much as the image of Tigran the Great. We already know 41 operas in which Tigran the Second plays a major role. Among those operas, Vivaldi's Tigran is more popular. First of all, they embodied the idea of unconditional dedication to the motherland.

Pengaruh Upacara Bendera dalam Meningkatkan Semangat Nasionalisme pada Peserta Didik di SMAS St. Petrus Kewapante

This research aims to find out one of the efforts to instill the spirit of nationalism in students through the flag ceremony at SMAS ST.Petrus Kewapante school. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The informants in this study were School Principal, Civic Education Teacher, Student Affairs Teacher, and Students of SMAS ST.Petrus Kewapante. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview, documentation. Data analysis techniques in the form of data collection, data reduction, and data verification.The results of this study indicate that: In essence, teachers and students understand the spirit of nationalism as a homeland attitude that is important for every citizen including students. The flag ceremony at school is also considered important as an effort to strengthen the spirit of nationalism of students.

Formulasi Trilogi Dakwah Kh.Marzuki Mustamar Dalam Moderasi Beragama Sebagai Upaya Menjaga Keutuhan Umat

The emergence of the phenomenon of inclusive da'wah in the era of globalization has triggered a harsh da'wah model and using religion as fiqh siyasah makes preachers in the current era tend to be easy to claim heresy and provocation. The focus of this research is to answer the concept of the KH. Marzuki Mustamar da'wah trilogy. Marzuki Mustamar and his contribution as an effort to maintain the welfare of the people through the moral message of da'wah conveyed. The type of research used in this study is a type of qualitative research with library research methods and approaches related to the theory of washi lah da'wah about the concept of moderate da'wah. The results of this study state that the welfare of the people can be built through the cultivation of the concept of Ahlu al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama>'ah creed and love for the homeland and acculturation between religion and local culture of the community, which in its values means that first, religion must be based on principles in a middle line (moderate); Second, the cultivation of the spirit of nationalism and tolerance between religious communities; third, concern for the preservation of local culture within the community. This research is expected to be able to answer the problems of the integrity of the people and be able to contribute to the empowerment of the people through the way of da'wah.

A Comparison and Combination of Modern and Historical Architecture

Considering the rapid development of today's society, earth-shaking changes have taken place in many areas, and the field of architecture is no exception. More and more new buildings are emerging. Some of them are built with different materials, some are in innovative styles, and some are for diverse uses. People can clearly find the differences between modern buildings and ancient buildings, including the differences in materials, uses, structures, etc. By tracing and analyzing the relationship between ancient architecture and modern architecture, this paper discusses the architectural style, materials, and how to combine the two. It can be concluded that there are differences existing in materials, structures, and space utilization between ancient and modern buildings. Ancient buildings pay attention to beauty and the embodiment of national spirit, but they do not perform well in the fire resistance and the construction period is long. Modern buildings focus on practicality and safety but may allow less daylighting to enter or have other unreasonable designs. Therefore, the materials and styles of ancient buildings and modern buildings can be well integrated to maximize the role of architecture.

Improving musical skills for members of military band unit of Indonesian Army in administrative officer military area command IV Diponegoro Semarang

Military music has a very significant role in every military event and government activity such as national ceremonies, important military ceremonies, and internal military activities. Military music also functions as a signal giver to high-ranking leaders such as the President and his staff, the Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, Generals, and high commanders in the military. Since music is important within military units, a special unit called a military band unit was formed with the task of organizing military music activities and providing military music services to arouse a spirit of nationalism, professionalism, and patriotism for the personnel of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. The phenomenon that occurs in the military band unit is that not all personnel, especially the Army, have an academic background in music. Members from several units such as combat units can only play wind and percussion instruments but do not understand the basic techniques of music and playing musical instruments. This is because some members join the band unit due to the lack of personnel in the unit, and it is added to the high demands of members who are able to play music well. The solution to addressing this problem is to organize training to improve the musical skills of members of the military band unit, namely (1) reading and writing musical notation, (2) correct techniques in playing musical instruments, especially wind and percussion instruments, and (3) maintenance of musical instruments that are used daily.

METODE AL-QUR’AN DALAM MEMBANGUN JIWA KEBANGSAAN

The society that has been formed is bound by ties of religion, ethnicity, race, a sense of interdependence, mutual influence on work effectiveness and efficiency, has the same characteristics, and laws that regulate these relationships. The more ties that bind, the stronger the bonds of a society. The crystallized national consciousness of the Indonesian nation was born from a sense of shared fate and shared responsibility. This sense of fate is a result of colonialism in the past. National awareness has succeeded in forming Indonesia's national outlook as stated in the Youth Pledge. The feeling of one homeland, one nation and one language is a strong bond and needs to be preserved. National awareness has given birth to a united determination, declared politically as an independent and sovereign nation in the Proclamation of 17 August 1945. A national state like Indonesia is a state formed on the basis of a national spirit. The aim is to build a shared future under one and the same country even though the people have different religions, races, ethnicities or groups. Plurality is a very valuable cultural treasure that can be used as social capital to build a peaceful national life, but on the other hand it is a very heavy social burden. The history of the Indonesian nation records a multidimensional crisis in 1997 which threatened the integrity of the Republic of Indonesia. The phenomenon of this crisis is a decline in national morals, such as a lack of politeness and honesty among the Indonesian people, and a decrease in their attention to applicable laws. The causes are factors originating from within the country such as weak understanding and practice of religion and factors originating from abroad such as the influence of globalization

NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 159 PALEMBANG

This research was conducted with observational thinking about the application of character education values in social considering learning at the 159 Palembang State Elementary School. This research uses an expressive qualitative design with a substance testing method. Based on the discourse and discourse, it is stated that: 1) Preparation for the implementation of character education at SD Negeri 159 Palembang consists of the stages of taking: planning, implementation, and assessment; and 2) the suitability of topical books that are in accordance with character education including religion, noble character, resilience, teaching, imaginative, fair, curiosity, national spirit, respect for achievement, communicative neighbors, care for the environment, social care, love to study, attentive, respect the country, work hard, and be independent

Romania’s 1866 Electoral System and the Quest for National Sovereignty

Abstract In 1866, religion played a significant role in unifying the Romanian national spirit. A foreign prince was brought to rule under the Orthodox faith, and this religious aspect was incorporated into Article 82 of the Constitution. The limitation of political rights in Romania was based on ethnic criteria, with Jews and other non-Christians excluded from full participation. The electoral system introduced a high property-based voting qualification, reflecting, to some extent, liberal principles, but effectively limiting actual participation. Thus, the Romanian Constitution of 1866 struck a delicate balance between borrowed liberal ideals and the specific cultural context of Romania. It emphasized the role of religion and property ownership in shaping political rights and identity, while also attempting to align with European constitutional standards. The electoral system of 1866 in Romania fell short of democratic ideals and perpetuated inequalities. It shaped the political landscape and had far-reaching consequences for the country’s governance and representation.

Художественная эстетика социалистического реализма в творчестве Ж. Залиханова

The research aims to substantiate the positive influence of the aesthetics of socialist realism on the creative work of the Balkar writer Zh. Zh. Zalikhanov (1917-1996), who was at the forefront of the development of written literature in the native language. The paper examines the main methodological principles of the aesthetics of socialist realism: a truthful, historically concrete reflection of reality, the assertion of new socialist ideals and relations aimed at the formation of the literature that is “national in form and socialist in content”. Using Zh. Zh Zalikhanov’s novels “Mountain Eagles”, “Burning Hearts” and “The Baksan Star” as an example, the paper explores the main ways of artistic expression that give the writer’s works national specificity and colouring (images, symbols, signs). Zh. Zh. Zalikhanov’s creative work reflects such principles of the socialist realism method as historicism, artistic truth, national spirit, which are used as means of historical truth (depiction of specific events, biographies of real historical figures), on the one hand, and as ways of reflecting national specifics (anthroponymic and toponymic units, phraseological expressions, proverbs and sayings, etc.), on the other hand. The research is original in that it is the first to examine the aesthetic principles of artistic merit in the creative work of Zh. Zh. Zalikhanov using not only a historical but also a culturological approach to a literary work as a “culture code”. The research findings have shown that the socialist realism method contributed to the development of new means of visual and artistic expression of Soviet literature and the formation of new principles of artistic merit of the literature “national in form and socialist in content”.

The genre of historical novels about the Great Patriotic War in the Mari literature in the first post-war years

This article analyses the formation and development of the historical novel genre in the national literature in the first post-war period. The object of the study are the works of the Mari writers Nikandr Lekain «On Fire of the Great War» and Veniamin Ivanov «The Windstorm». National patriotic spirit, heroism, the determination of people to fight to the end come to the fore in N. Lekain’s work. The work does not have the main character who unites all the storylines; it presents the multinational face of the Soviet people through the individual actions of people of different generations. In V. Ivanov’s novel, the fate of the individualized personality, his inner experiences, comes to the forefront. The historical and typological method of research made it possible to identify general and specific features in the depiction of dramatic events of the Great Patriotic War in the Mari and Russian literatures. The problem of the formation of this genre in regional literary criticism is being considered for the first time. A comparative study of the literary prose of writers revealed that the expansion and deepening of the problematic and thematic range (the theme of rear everyday life in the countryside, the problem of desertion and betrayal, etc.) of the Mari literature of this period outlined certain shifts in the image of the inner world of the characters. There was a tendency of multifaceted disclosure of socio-historical and ideological factors of the personality formation, psychologically deep explanation of the motives of the heroes’ actions. N. Lekain and V. Ivanov managed to find those life conflicts that made it possible to psychologically accurate portray the dialectics of the human soul in the war, to comprehend the origins of the national-patriotic upsurge, to show the deep processes of their contemporary reality.