Spiritual Nature Research Articles

PECULIARITIES OF THE REPRESENTATION OF MORAL AND ETHICAL NORMS IN THE WORKS OF A. SEIDIMBEK

It is known that the spiritual nature of the Kazakh people, which characterizes its spiritual culture, is passed on from generation to generation through the cumulative function of language. This article presents the moral and ethical principles of spiritual culture - the spirit of the people, achievements in the world of the mind, cumulative activities that are passed on from generation to generation. The main direction of our research is to consider the features of the representation of moral and ethical forms in spiritual culture. This message clearly examines the nature of artistic concept in spiritual culture and its relationship with rituals, which need to be studied from a conceptual point of view. As basic research material, we focus on the works of the ethnographer A. Seidimbek, as well as on the peculiarities of the representation of the concepts of “superstition” and “forbidden”, which form a cultural unity in the concepts of the Kazakh people. According to this goal, the study of the mentioned concepts in the scholar’s literary texts in the continuity of language and culture indicates their linguistic representation of the social life and spiritual culture of the nation. The fact that moral and ethical units are reflected in artistic and poetic texts as representatives of an artistic concept is formulated using methods of comparison, modeling and codification in an anthropocentric direction. The results of research work in this direction help to determine the purpose and significance of the system of traditions, rituals and customs in the culture of the people, how they are reflected in the thoughts, feelings and actions of a native speaker; the purpose and significance of traditions and lifestyles, moral and ethical norms (state) of property. It is assumed that, like general folk knowledge, superstition can beseen as a fusion of rational and irrational principles, as well as the result of a syncretic unity. Information about the nature of the connection between understanding the ethnic language and moral and ethical norms, the linguistic picture-image (picture) in rituals as a whole is divided into several layers, and also that the moral and ethical layers in these layers differ in chronological (diachronological) characteristics, which reflected in the words of rituals. Like popular knowledge, superstition is defined as the intersection of rational and irrational principles, as well as the result of syncretic unity. Mental ideas about a person in the cognitive space of ethnocultural names of the Kazakh language, Professor A. Seіdimbek determined that the works represent national and cultural characteristics. The representation of moral and ethical values as a spiritual treasure, a continuation of a person’s past life and present existence in the future is presented with evidence based on the works of A. Seіdimbek.

THE ROLE OF THE FUND IN THE PRESERVATION OF MUSEUM EXHIBITS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN)

The article presents information about the warehouse service of the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its daily working hours, preparation of accounting documents, expert opinions on the received objects. The museum fund consists of permanent storage, collecting and accounting departments. The main ploicy of the fund is grouping, systematization, formation and preservation of cultural values of Kazakhstan in the museum collection which is the part of significant activities of the museum.
 It can be clear that the preservation of relics in the museums, taking account all conditions, is the most significant thing necessary for the survival of the country, its unique features and unique nature for future generations. Because it is known that the spiritual nature of any nation is reflected in its material world. Museums are the main storage of the country`s rich cultural heritage and artistic treasures.
 Museums are the major custodians of the rich cultural heritage and art treasures of the country. The work of the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan are directed to the implementation of the main mission is – the preservation and wide promotion of the valuable heritage of the Republic of Kazakhstan. While doing research on the article, the following functions within the museum as collecting, storage, scientific-research work, restoration work depend on it. At the same time, the aspect of the National Museum is considered and disclosed information about the heritage in the space of museums of the world for the preservation of the cultural heritage of ancient times.
 At the same time, there will be revealed the role of the National Museum in the space of world museums in the preservation of cultural heritage of ancient times and information on heritage.
 Materials and methods of research: The research materials were museum objects, on the basis of which one of the methods of replenishing funds was revealed - the «Gift to the Museum» campaign. In this regard, during the study, based on the scientific principle of historicism, museum activities and the characteristics of the objects included in the museum collection were revealed and described using historical-typological, historical-systemic methods.

Уважение в праве: эволюция нормативного закрепления и доктринального осмысления

The author of the article attempts to determine the essence of the phenomenon of “respect” in relation to the state-legal patterns of its evolution in normative legal acts, law enforcement practice and research by scientists. The article analyzes individual historical monuments of law, the legislation of the Soviet period of the development of the national state and law, as well as the modern political and legal doctrine of understanding respect as an element of legal reality. Based on this, it is concluded that respect is positioned mainly in two projections: as a moral and ethical regulator of public relations, as well as a normative requirement, but having a spiritual nature. A certain kind of evolution of respect in law is proved: from a moral and ethical value to a legal principle. It is postulated that today respect in law must be considered through its dual nature with projection as a principle of Russian law based on moral and ethical values, i. e. within the framework of sensory and activity normative components. The author’s interpretation of the concept of “respect in law” is proposed, the conclusion is made about the need for a full-fledged, general theoretical study of respect, the formation of its doctrinal concept.

Well-being and subjectively experienced Stress among Doctors of the oncology Institute

Health, life satisfaction and subjective well-being are key concepts that directly define the complex of a person’s quality of life, and at the same time they support it and are the most significant determinants. These determinants directly express “how people perceive their place in life, in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and interests” (WHO, 1996, p. 5). In addition to health, satisfaction and economic well-being, work also appears in the ranking of human priorities. The author Uháľ (2006, p. 29) refers to it as the constant, rational and free activity of a person that is based on a sense of creative necessity and the necessity of maintaining life. He adds that it is connected with joy and effort, “which aims to create individual and social good and values of both material and spiritual nature”. According to the author Árpová (2018), the general effort to preserve and improve human health is such a serious task that issues related to it are not only the subject of interest of important national and international institutions and the topic of several international documents, it is also of interest for individual countries and is a priority of their governments. We are talking about the state health policy, which, according to WHO (1999), directly determines the goals, strategies and priorities of the state in the field of healthcare, its support and development, as well as protection and restoration. Several contemporary experts such as Musil (2004) and Géringová (2011) define helping professions as professions based on providing professional assistance to people in difficult life situations. Thus, these professions are significantly different from other professions.

Об изучении родного языка обско-угорского этноса: научные основания

The authors of the article consider the issues of the formation of ethno-cultural and national identity on the example of the Ob-Ugric ethnic group living in the Arctic. Much attention is paid to such ethno-cultural component as native language. The problem of bilingualism, as well as the development of communicative competence in native and foreign languages, their practical application in the cultural sphere and social life under the influence of social, pedagogical and psychological factors is topical. Despite living in harsh climatic conditions, the northerners have for centuries cultivated such feelings as responsibility, justice, readiness to help. The authors noted the interest in the deep historical roots of their ethnic group and presented indisputable facts of educating children in the spirit of preserving and increasing values, passing them on to subsequent generations, spreading throughout the world. Based on the analysis of modern ethnopedagogical trends in the educational space of the Ob-Ugric ethnos, some recommendations on the main issues of ethnoculture and folk pedagogy development are presented. The study is based on the ideas of Wilhelm von Humboldt about the spiritual power of people, the role of language in the spiritual development of mankind, the peculiarities of the national character, the thinking of the people, their spiritual nature and way of life, conceptualization of knowledge about the world and the ways of its transmission. The authors assign a special role to ethnopsychology, the science of individual and collective consciousness, and ethnopedagogy, which integrates the ethnocultural component into the system of training sessions and contributes to the formation of a national identity in the younger generation, understanding and preserving the spiritual and moral values and traditions of their people.

SACRED CONCEPTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RITUAL OF LAYING DOWN A CHILD IN THE CRADLE

This article explains a venerable concept that has recently been explored in the field of literary studies. This concept has been reflected in the culture and spiritual life of the people since ancient times. The concept of honoring the sacred world, which is completely intertwined with the Kazakh’s own worldview, customs and family life, reveals the essence of the people. It is known that the Kazakh people, rocking their babies to sleep with lullabies, occupy a leading position in national education. That is why in this work the concept of veneration, which is the main object of research, was considered in the context of the rite of laying in the cradle and poems associated with this rite. We learned the essence of our national character from folklore, saw and clearly distinguished the spiritual nature of the people from the works described in words. However, behind our precious treasure there are still many things to be explored. In the 21st century, when different cultures meet, it is not enough to define Kazakh values; to preserve the national spirit, it is necessary to widely promote the image of national culture - cherished Kazakh concepts. In this article, we have looked at the content of some traditions that have changed over time and considered their meaning. Within the framework of the topic, we have highlighted the concept of sacredness, which, together with the rite, is inextricably linked and testifies to the culture of a particular period. In the course of the article, focusing on the origin of the concept of the sacred, it talks about sacred things that have been evident from the very beginning of human existence.

A bioethical perspective on the meanings behind a wish to hasten death: a meta-ethnographic review

BackgroundThe expressions of a “wish to hasten death” or “wish to die” raise ethical concerns and challenges. These expressions are related to ethical principles intertwined within the field of medical ethics, particularly in end-of-life care. Although some reviews were conducted about this topic, none of them provides an in-depth analysis of the meanings behind the “wish to hasten death/die” based specifically on the ethical principles of autonomy, dignity, and vulnerability. The aim of this review is to understand if and how the meanings behind the “wish to hasten death/die” relate to and are interpreted in light of ethical principles in palliative care.MethodsWe conducted a meta-ethnographic review according to the PRISMA guidelines and aligned with Noblit and Hare’s framework. Searches were performed in three databases, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, with no time restrictions. Original qualitative studies exploring the meanings given by patients, family caregivers and healthcare professionals in any context of palliative and end-of-life care were included. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. PROSPERO registration CRD42023360330.ResultsOut of 893 retrieved articles, 26 were included in the analysis, accounting for the meanings of a total of 2,398 participants. Several factors and meanings associated with the “wish to hasten death” and/or “wish to die” were identified and are mainly of a psychosocial and spiritual nature. The ethical principles of autonomy and dignity were the ones mostly associated with the “wish to hasten death”. Ethical principles were essentially inferred from the content of included articles, although not explicitly stated as bioethical principles.ConclusionsThis meta-ethnographic review shows a reduced number of qualitative studies on the “wish to hasten death” and/or “wish to die” explicitly stating ethical principles. This suggests a lack of bioethical reflection and reasoning in the empirical end-of-life literature and a lack of embedded ethics in clinical practice. There is a need for healthcare professionals to address these topics compassionately and ethically, taking into account the unique perspectives of patients and family members. More qualitative studies on the meanings behind a wish to hasten death, their ethical contours, ethical reasoning, and implications for clinical practice are needed.

The influence of exotic and native plants on illnesses with physical and spiritual causes in the semiarid region of Piauí, Northeast of Brazil

BackgroundLocal medical systems (LMS) include native and exotic plants used for the treatment of diseases of physical and spiritual nature. The incorporation of exotic plants into these systems has been the subject of many studies. In this context, an analysis was conducted on the influence of the origin of plants on diseases of physical and spiritual nature in order to evaluate the therapeutic versatility of native and exotic species in these therapeutic targets, to investigate whether exotic plants mainly fill gaps not met by native plants (diversification hypothesis), and identify which species are prioritized in the redundant targets in these two therapeutic groups in the rural community of Morrinhos, Monsenhor Hipólito, Piauí.MethodsData collection took place in 2 stages. First, free lists and semi-structured interviews with local residents (n = 134) were conducted to survey plants used for therapeutic purposes and the associated illnesses. Then, another phase of interviews was carried out to evaluate the prioritization between native and exotic plants in redundant therapeutic targets. To test the diversification hypothesis (DH) in each group of illnesses, data were analyzed using generalized linear models (Poisson and Binomial GLMs); versatility was measured by the number of therapeutic indications and compared between resources using the Mann–Whitney test, and prioritization in each group was verified by comparing the proportions of native and exotic plants with the χ2 test.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-two species of plants were surveyed, being 71 exotic and 61 native, with indications for physical and spiritual illnesses. The results revealed that the diversification hypothesis did not explain the inclusion of exotic plants in the local medical system to treat physical or spiritual illnesses and that the therapeutic versatility of exotic and native resources in the two groups was also similar (p > 0.05). However, exotic plants were prioritized in illnesses with physical causes and native plants in illnesses with spiritual causes.ConclusionsThe local medical system presents similar and distinct patterns in the therapeutic targets, depending on the perspective evaluated. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the patterns of use of medicinal plants in different sociocultural contexts in order to broaden the debate about the role of plant origin in the selection of treatments for illnesses with different causes.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Study of the Psychology of Religion

The study of the psychology of religion encompasses various aspects of human experiences and beliefs, including the influence of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI). This article aims to examine the impact of AI on religious practices and rituals, highlighting its potential to reshape how individuals engage with spirituality. By exploring AI-powered religious applications, virtual communities, and online services, we seek to understand the transformation of traditional religious practices and raise important questions about authenticity, inclusiveness, and the role of technology in the psychology of religious contexts. Moreover, ethical considerations and challenges arising from the integration of AI into religion will be addressed. As researchers delve into this intersection, it is crucial to strike a balance between technological advancements and preserving the fundamental aspects of spirituality, personal growth, and genuine human connection. This article contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the potential implications of AI in the realm of religious experiences, calling for further exploration of its ethical dimensions and unintended consequences. Ultimately, understanding the influence of AI on the psychology of religion prompts us to reflect on the nature of spirituality, belief formation, and the human experience itself.

The Embeddedness of Mind, Body and Spirit in Nature: An Exploration of Ecopsychological Tenets in The Lord of the Rings

Tolkien’s trilogy - The Fellowship of the Ring (1954), The Two Towers (1954), and The Return of the King (1955) - is among the most analysed and studied classics in the world. It contains various themes which can be explored from several perspectives and in different contexts. The way nature is represented with the attribution of strong agency and the significance of strong communication between the human psyche and nature are worth mentioning since the trilogy provides an opportunity to explore the ecopsychological cruciality of human-nature togetherness for tranquillity in the human soul and sanity in the human mind. Moreover, with fictional places like Mordor and Isengard, the trilogy brings the degradation and destruction of nature to attention. Elvish geographies and the Shire enable us to appreciate and celebrate reciprocal and affirmative relations with nature. The psychology, unity, and agency of Nature with spiritual and fantastic characters such as Ents are foregrounded in the novel. By focusing on the fictional characters, this article aims to explore the ecopsychological facets of the places in the trilogy and how the human psyche is affected depending on natural or greenless places.

Expression of Ecological Consciousness of the Indigenous Peoples of the North in the Works by N. Kalitin (<i>Tommoo, Thunder Bursts</i>)

Purpose. The article is devoted to the key aspects of expressing ecological consciousness of the indigenous peoples of the North in novels Tommoo and Thunder Bursts by Nikolai Kalitin, who raises the problem of damaging hunting grounds and rivers during the technological development of the North.Results. The key aspects of the ecological consciousness of Evenks and Yakuts are revealed in novels Tommoo and Thunder bursts. The ecological consciousness is based on a careful attitude to nature, and awareness of inseparable unity with it: perception of nature as the mother of all things and understanding of kinship with it; animateness of all objects and phenomena revealed through the presence of spirits of nature and mythological deities; man's understanding of himself as a creation of nature; the presence of a sacred tree as a symbol of the world structure, the personification of the unfading fertility of the earth.Conclusion. The key to solving the problem of further survival and wealth of indigenous peoples of the North is believed to be the search for a balance between the technological development of society and the preservation of ecology, rational use of natural resources for continuation of traditional activities, based on ethnic culture with rational simplification of labor.

Harmoni Alam dan Spiritualitas: Studi Kepercayaan Orang Manggarai Timur terhadap Roh Alam

The focus of this study discusses natural damage as negative changes in the natural environment, especially as a result of human activities. Air, water, and soil pollution, as well as climate change are the main elements that contribute to the destruction of nature, threaten the sustainability of ecosystems and cause biodiversity loss with negative impacts on human health. This study aims to explore the belief of Manggarai people in nature spirits. In their belief, nature spirits are considered the guardians of the balance of the ecosystem, and every element of nature is inhabited by spirits possessing spiritual power. The destruction of nature is seen as a disturbance to the spirit of nature, creating disharmony in the ecosystem and the potential for natural disasters. The study highlights the importance of not only maintaining physical ecosystems but also maintaining spiritual balance with the spirits of nature. This study uses literature methods sourced from books and scientific articles that are in accordance with this discourse. The results of this study provide deep insight into the belief system of the East Manggarai people towards nature spirits. This study found that the relationship between nature and humans is the essence of human life. Man cannot live without nature. Nature becomes a container to provide life for humans.

Using the Jaccard similarity method for recommendation system of books

The main goal of pedagogy is to educate the young generation to become mature, knowledgeable and well-rounded individuals in all respects. In this regard, one of the main tasks of the education system is to form a culture of reading among young people, to provide them with textbooks and works of art suitable for their age and intellectual potential. But only if young readers read books suitable for their intellectual potential based on their age characteristics, their knowledge, spirituality, outlook and other positive aspects will develop. If the students do not read the works according to their potential, the reader will not be able to absorb fully the contents of the work he has read, the information in the book will "weight" him. As a result, the reader's desire to read begins to fade. Readers should not read literature that is shallow in content, incompatible with our national spirituality and values, moral standards, and may have a negative impact on the education of young people. Therefore, it is necessary to create a system of recommending works suitable for the intellectual potential of readers. This article examines the application of the Jaccard similarity method to the creation of appropriate reading lists for high school students. For this, a corpus is created on the basis of high-class literature textbooks, and this corpus is compared with literary works. Books with the highest similarity results are recommended for reading. The problem was fully solved on the basis of literature textbooks of 5th-11th grade students and works of art in the Uzbek language.

“Since I’ve Been Ill, I Live Better”: The Emergence of Latent Spirituality in the Biographical Pathways of Illness

Spirituality can be a crucial resource to draw on to make sense of critical situations that mark a turning point in individual and collective biographies. In these cases, a ritual and symbolic response to the trauma may occur, bringing to the surface a «latent spirituality», that is, a tacit propensity towards the sacred that manifests itself in unexpected ways, even in those who do not normally believe or practice, in extraordinary situations that engender fear, anomie or disorientation and that have profound existential repercussions. This article aims to investigate the latent spirituality in the face of the critical event represented by the onset of severe disease, based on the analysis of spiritual illness narratives collected in Italy through qualitative interviews with oncological patients. The narratives show how the condition of suffering can bring to light an unexpressed spirituality, consisting of the revitalization of previous traditional faith or the elaboration of an innovative lay spirituality. Data confirm how pathology constitutes a biographical fracture, accompanied by questions and needs of a religious and spiritual nature. In contrast to the prevailing approach in the medical humanities where spirituality is interpreted as a starting resource to which sufferers resort to cope toward the disease, these results indicate that the spiritual dimension is an emerging aspect along the therapeutic pathway and that it is transformed by reflecting the temporality of the biographical experience of illness.

SPIRIT OF NATURE/SPIRIT OF GOD

This paper tracks the concept of the world soul in Schelling’s early and late philosophy. The concept is central to Schelling’s early philosophy of self-organizing nature. It seems to disappear in his later period, in which Schelling distances himself from his earlier pantheism and comes to think of nature as fallen, distanced from the divine, and de-spiritualized. However, Schelling’s subordinationist Trinitarianism conceives of the Trinity as implicated in the Fall and processively included in the redemption. The redemption of nature is the special prerogative of the Third Person, the Holy Spirit, who personalizes himself by emerging through natural history as nature’s principle of organization and goal. All of nature, in the late Schelling’s Pauline vision, is directed toward the revelation of the Christ as the Lord of the Universe. The world soul is not simply identical to the Holy Spirit. For the later Schelling, the world soul does not yet exist. But it will in the end, when it will be actualized as not only the spirit of nature but also the Spirit of God.

Defining Relational Dimensions of Spiritual Influence for Management Research and Practice

In management research, the impact of spirituality and its positive influence on organizational outcomes has been studied from many aspects of management practice. The result has been a non-delineated, cross-sectional view of spiritual guidance in creating healthy individual and business outcomes. Unfortunately, the limited focus on spiritual well-being has not encouraged research that considers the full range of outcomes from various dimensions of spirituality. Such focus has not considered the influence of adverse spiritual intent or made distinctions between divine and human forms of spirituality that create uncertainty and lack of trust in spiritual and religious guidance. Considering these limitations, this conceptual research shares a dimensionality of spiritual discernment derived from the current literature on spirituality in management and discusses the limitations of each within the context of developing spiritual capital and spiritual intelligence. This paper presents both divine and human relationships in framing this model and suggests the need to better understand the bounded nature of spirituality under dark or human influence. The outcome from this work is the development of a Relational Models Theory of Spirituality (RMTS) framework to guide management research in creating an ontological perspective around the nature and intent of spiritual relationships and to encourage seeking third-person spirituality as an unbiased, higher form of Spiritual guidance.

ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ ВИЗУАЛЬНОГО РОДОСЛОВИЯ ПЕТРА I: ЛОЗА ИЗ "АЛФАВИТА" ИОАННА МАКСИМОВИЧА 1705 Г.

The article is the first to consider in detail the semantics of depicting the family tree of Tsar Peter I on the title page of the book “Alphabet”, published in 1705 by Chernigov Archbishop John Maksimovich. Under the first sovereigns of Romanov dynasty, the visual genealogy of the tsar family was of a spiritual nature and was focused on representing the chosenness by God of the new dynasty. The image of the royal tree under study was the first in which political meaning predominated. It demonstrated the procedure for transferring the throne from great-grandfathers to ancestors on the basis, of legal law, later enshrined in Russian legislation, and not just religious ideas about the origin of the supreme power. The study of material from Western European visual genealogy of the early modern time made it possible to identify images that could serve as models for the compiler of iconography and the artist who engraved the title page of “Alphabet”. First of all, those are the works of French engraver Philippe Thomassin (1562–1622), who was the author of Bourbon family tree. His scheme was repeatedly reproduced in other European countries. Foreign influence is also revealed, both in the very principle of selection and arrangement of persons on the family tree of Peter I, and in the symbolic elements of the composition. Analysis of the image shows that the tree visualizes new political ideas and values that are actively being formed in Petrine absolutist state based on European models.

Kant: on the Way to Understanding the Spiritual Nature of Man

Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to examine Kant’s first experience in creating a methodology for determining the holistic, spiritual nature of man, firstly, in terms of identifying the range of phenomena that should be included in the analysis of the spiritual essence of man, and secondly, this experience may be indicative for identifying dead ends in the research of spirituality of modern philosophers. Theoretical basis. The study is based on the methodology of philosophical anthropology formulated by M. Scheler, which, on the one hand, integrates the achievements of philosophy of life, phenomenology, existentialism and philosophical hermeneutics, and on the other hand, is based on the premise of the initial direct unity of the opposition of mental and physiological processes of human life. The basis for further expansion of the theoretical framework is the experience of spiritual practices of the Ancient East and religious practices of the Christian Middle Ages. Particularly noteworthy is the experience of modern psychotherapeutic practices, which, for all their diversity, have their roots in the depths of primitive beliefs and mysteries of ancient civilisations, and the tips of their branches reaching to the ideas of modern transpersonal psychology. Originality. Firstly, the author uses M. Scheler’s ideas about the spiritual nature of man and the unity of his essential forces: corporeality, senses, feelings, thinking, values of worldview principles and the Absolute to analyse Kant’s anthropological concept. Secondly, Kant’s position on the way of describing human nature reveals contradictions. These contradictions are caused, on the one hand, by the prevailing mechanistic picture of the world, and, on the other hand, by the philosopher’s intuitive assumptions that did not follow from the provisions of his dualistic position (the concepts of mind and soul as used in Kant’s work "Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View"). Thirdly, the author identifies those fragments of the said work where Kant assumes the presence of corporeality, but does not clearly formulate its role in building the integral nature of the spiritual man. Conclusions. Immanuel Kant was one of the first to raise the issue of the primary study of human nature in comparison with issues of ontology, epistemology, morality, etc. However, the philosopher failed to create a concept of holistic human nature, the essence of which would be its spiritual core. Kant based his methodology of studying human nature on the dualistic opposition of the essential forces of man. This methodology was conditioned by the dominant mechanistic picture of the world. Kant’s researches in the field of morality, aesthetics, and science were carried out in the cognitive-theoretical plane, so they were unable to reach a true synthesis of the essential forces of man by their methodology. Such a synthesis is possible on the basis of spiritual practice. The results of the study of the experience of the achievements and mistakes of the outstanding philosopher in the study of human nature open up the possibility of further refinement and development of philosophical and anthropological methodology in understanding the spiritual nature of man as a whole through comprehension of the mechanism of spiritual practice and, on this basis, understanding of the phenomenon of spirituality in all historical forms of its manifestation.

ӘБІШ КЕКІЛБАЕВТЫҢ ТІЛ ТУРАЛЫ ТОЛҒАМДАРЫ

Annotation. The literary and creative heritage of the outstanding statesman and public figure, people's writer of Kazakhstan Abish Kekilbayev covers a wide range of topics. Along with literary and artistic works of various genres, the writer also contributed with journalistic, educational and research works for the spiritual development of our people. His reflections on history and language, traditions, culture and outstanding personalities are reflected in many of his articles and speeches. He was a direct witness of our country's independence, participated in the formation of its legislative framework, and also made a great contribution to writing. Actively participated in the acquisition of the Kazakh language status of the state language, wrote many articles about the problems of its development. Studying the prehistory of the development of society and language, offering lessons from the history of the struggle for the fate of the native language of the peoples freed from citizenship, he expressed valuable thoughts in the direction of expanding the scope of the Kazakh language, education in the native language. In numerous speeches of the writer during the independence of the country, in interviews and articles like "Careful use of the native language and perfection of future generations is a matter of honor", "Our language is the main asset", "Thinking about language means thinking about everything", "The core of national spirituality is language", etc. he it tightens the problems of the native language. The writer's work, which deeply touches on the problem of independence and language, is a historical and cognitive study "Language and independence". It was published in the form of an essay article in several issues of the newspaper "Egemen Kazakhstan" in 2006 and was included in the book of the same name published in 2007 by the publishing house "Er-Daulet" in Astana. It was a work written in a very timely manner and seriously related to a complex language issue in society, expressing valuable thoughts, revealing the significance of the problem of the state language. This work, written after an interview with the then head of state on language, reveals the essence of the principle "The future of Kazakhstan is in the Kazakh language" and reveals the importance of language in the life of society, its place in building a national state and consolidating society. In the light of such concepts as the community of people, society, the state, coloniality and citizenship, freedom and independence, prove by various facts the importance of language development for independence. The article is devoted to the disclosure of the meaning of this work. Keywords: language, society, history, independence, colonial policy, citizenship, civilization, sustainable development.

God, space and the Spirit of Nature: Morean trialism revisited

ABSTRACT In my paper, I dispute Christian Hengstermann’s analysis of More’s philosophical system as a form of panentheistic panpsychism in which matter is alive by virtue of being the last emanation from God. I show that, in his mature period, More explicitly rejected such an emanationist doctrine and attributed the non-mechanical powers of matter to an outside immaterial principle, the Spirit of Nature. Ultimately, this leads to a system in which divine space, the Spirit of Nature and the spirit of God are representations of various aspects of the divine essence, as it is at work in the world. On the other hand, matter is not part of this triadic structure and can only be said to be alive at the cost of a rather counterintuitive redefinition of the notion of “life”.