Spinosa Research Articles

Ecotoxicity of bioinsecticide spinosad to soil organisms: Commercial formulation versus active ingredient

Spintor® (SPIT®) is a commercial formulation of a bioinsecticide with the active ingredient Spinosad (SPIN). Despite the efforts of regulatory agencies, there still is a lack of information regarding short- and long-term exposures to soil-dwellers, as well as effects at environmentally relevant concentrations. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of SPIT® and SPIN, on the oligochaete Eisenia fetida, and the arthropod Folsomia candida. For this, natural soil was spiked with environmentally relevant concentrations (0.00–1.49 mg of the active ingredient·kg−1 of dry soil) to assess avoidance behaviour in E. fetida and reproduction effects on both species. Further, in E. fetida adults exposed for 2- and 28-day biomarkers of oxidative stress, energetic reserves, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated. A significant reduction in juvenile production for F. candida was observed for SPIT® at ≥0.66 mg kg−1 and SPIN at ≥0.13 mg kg−1, and although no effect was observed on E. fetida reproduction, the oligochaeta revealed a tendency to avoid soil spiked with SPIT® at 0.44, 0.66 and 1.49 mg kg−1. The sub-individual responses of E. fetida demonstrate genotoxicity upon exposure to SPIT® and SPIN for 2 days. The 2-day exposures of SPIT® and SPIN seem to induce defence mechanisms, and in general, SPIN exerted higher effects than SPIT® on the oligochaetes. Overall, the pro-oxidant performance and energy metabolism pathways were disrupted in both exposures to SPIT® and SPIN. The results suggest that spinosyns-based products can have an impact on soil arthropods F. candida and oligochaete's health, possibly affecting their essential functions in terrestrial ecosystems.

Biopesticide spinosad: Unraveling ecotoxicological effects on zebrafish, Danio rerio

Biopesticides are natural compounds considered more safe and sustainable for the environment. Spinosad (SPI) is a bioinsecticide used in marketed worldwide, to eradicate a variety of pests. This study aimed to assess the impacts of the SPI on the non-target organism zebrafish (Danio rerio). Several concentrations of SPI were tested to evaluate the acute (0.07–1.0 mg/L) and chronic (0.006–0.100 mg/L) ecotoxicological effects. To evaluate sub-individual effects, antioxidant defense, lipid peroxidation, energy sources, and cholinergic biomarkers were quantified. In both exposures, SPI induced significant effects on antioxidant defense indicating oxidative stress, disrupting energy pathways, and exhibiting neurotoxic effects, under environmentally relevant conditions. Integrated Biomarker Response (IBRv2) showed that with increasing SPI concentrations, an increase in impacts on organisms was recorded. This study demonstrates the vulnerability of a non-target organism to SPI, a bioinsecticide considered environmentally safe. Further research is essential to fully understand the implications of spinosad to aquatic biota.

Preparation of a long-lasting tablet of spinosad microspheres and its residual insecticidal efficacy against the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae.

In order to provide a long-lasting formulation for spinosad (SP) targeting larval stages of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and others alike, a SP tablet was developed based on microspheres, using polylactic acid as inside coating material. The microspheres were encapsulated using polyethylene glycol and 1-hexadecanol to form a sustained-release SP tablet. Micromorphology, active ingredient loading, structure identification, photolysis resistance and biological activity were evaluated in this report. (i) The SP microspheres had an average particle size of 6.16 ± 2.28 μm, low adhesion and good dispersion as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and morphology. (ii) The average active ingredient loading and encapsulation of SP microspheres were 32.80 ± 0.74% and 78.41 ± 2.22%, respectively. (iii) The chemical structure of encapsulated SP was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance. (iv) The photostability of the microspheres and the tablets were evaluated. The results showed that DT50 (time required to dissipate 50% of the mass originally present) of SP was 0.95 days in microspheres and 6.94 days in tablets. (v) The long-term insecticidal activity of SP tablets was investigated, and the tablet had a long-lasting activity against the mosquito larvae, showing 100% larval mortality for 63 days. The study provided a new long-lasting formulation of SP, which displayed good efficacy in the control of Ae. aegypti larvae. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Spinosyn A exerts anti-tumorigenic effects on progesterone-sensitive ERα-positive breast cancer cells by modulating multiple signaling pathways

Breast cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers in women worldwide. Current treatments for breast cancer have limitations, such as toxicity, resistance, and side effects. Therefore, there is a need to develop new and effective anti-cancer agents from natural sources. Spinosyn A (SPA) is a natural product derived from soil bacteria. SPA has been reported to have anti-parasitic, insecticidal, and anti-bacterial activities. However, its anti-cancer effects and mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of SPA on T47-D, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. We found that SPA inhibited cell proliferation and migration and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Flow cytometry and holographic imaging microscopy revealed that SPA activated MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways and altered cellular morphology. Finally, RNA-Seq analysis revealed that SPA treatment altered the expression of 1380 genes in T47-D cells, which were enriched in various biological processes and signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, cholesterol metabolism, growth factor activity, amino acid transport activity, extracellular matrix, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and PPAR signaling pathway. Our results suggest that SPA exerts multiple anti-cancer effects on T47-D cells by modulating multiple pathways and cellular processes involved in cell growth, survival, and motility. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of SPA action on breast cancer cells and its potential applications as a novel anti-cancer agent.

Enhancing the Toxicity of Cypermethrin and Spinosad against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Inhibition of Detoxification Enzymes.

The extensive use of wide-ranging insecticides in agricultural activities may develop resistance in insects. The dipping technique was utilized for examining changes in detoxifying enzyme levels in Spodoptera littoralis L. induced by cypermethrin (CYP) and spinosad (SPD) with and without a combination of three enzyme inhibitors: triphenyl phosphate (TPP), diethyl maleate (DEM), and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), at 70 μg/mL. PBO, DEM, and TPP showed 50% mortality against larvae at 236.2, 324.5, and 245.8 μg/mL, respectively. The LC50 value of CYP on S. littoralis larvae reduced from 2.86 μg/mL to 1.58, 2.26, and 1.96 μg/mL, while the LC50 value of SPD declined from 3.27 μg/mL to 2.34, 2.56, and 2.53, with the addition of PBO, DEM, and TPP, respectively, 24 h after treatment. Moreover, the activity of carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (Cyp 450) was significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) by TPP, DEM, PBO plus CYP, and SPD in S. littoralis larvae in comparison with tested insecticides alone. These findings suggested that three enzyme inhibitors play a major role in increasing the toxicity of CYP and SPD in S. littoralis and will provide insight into how to overcome insecticide resistance in insects.

Control of Sitophilus granarius and Sitophilus oryzae on stored wheat using low-rate combinations of natural zeolite with three insecticides

The insecticidal potential of three insecticides (chlorpyrifos-methyl (CH), deltamethrin (DE), spinosad (SP)), zeolite (ZE) and their low-rate combinations was tested against Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) adults. The application rates were: CH at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, DE at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, SP at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, and ZE at 100 and 500 mg/kg. Individual treatments with CH, DE or SP at 1.0 mg/kg induced 100, 83.9 and 76.2% mortality of S. granarius, and 95.5, 69.3 and 88.2% mortality of S. oryzae after 21 days, respectively. Treatment with ZE alone at 500 mg/kg caused 43.5 and 50.3% mortality of S. granarius and S. oryzae, respectively, after 21 days. The combined treatments of insecticides and ZE showed higher adult mortality than treatments with each insecticide or ZE alone. Combined treatments of CH (0.5 mg/kg) + ZE (100 mg/kg), CH (0.1 mg/kg) + ZE (500 mg/kg), CH (0.5 mg/kg) + ZE (500 mg/kg) and SP (1.0 mg/kg) + ZE (500 mg/kg) induced 100% adult mortality of both insects after 21 days. In addition, a mixture of DE (1.0 mg/kg) + ZE (500 mg/kg) caused 100% mortality of S. oryzae after 21 days. Progeny of both insects decreased significantly in all treatments compared by untreated wheat grain. The mixtures, CH (0.5 mg/kg) + ZE (500 mg/kg), DE (1.0 mg/kg) + ZE (500 mg/kg, SP (1.0 mg/kg) + ZE (100 mg/kg) and SP (1.0 mg/kg) + ZE (500 mg/kg), induced remarkable progeny reduction (≈100%) and complete protection of wheat grain (weight loss = 0.0%) against damage caused by insects for 90 days. Our results indicate that the combination of insecticides with ZE at low rates is a promising approach for the control of S. granarius and S. oryzae on stored wheat.

Combinations of insecticides with carbon dioxide for the management of Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus 1763) on stored wheat: An approach to reduce the application rates of insecticides

Efficacy of insecticides chlorpyrifos-methyl (CH), deltamethrin (DE) and spinosad (SP) was evaluated alone and in binary combinations with carbon dioxide (CA) against Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Mortality of S. oryzae adults was recorded after 3, 7 and 14 days, and progeny production and wheat weight loss were assessed after 90 days for all treatments. In individual treatments, the mortality of S. oryzae adults was 69.5, 79.8, 50.7 and 61.4% after 14 days of exposure to the highest concentration of CA (30%), CH (0.5 mg/kg), DE (1.0 mg/kg) and SP (0.5 mg/kg), respectively. Mortality of S. oryzae adults was higher in combined treatments at all tested rates than individual treatments. Mortality of adults of 100% was obtained in combined treatments of CH (0.5 mg/kg) + CA (30%) after 3 days and DE (1.0 mg/kg) + CA (30%) after 14 days of exposure. Combinations of SP + CA were more effective than CH + CA and DE + CA as 100.0% mortality was achieved in combined treatments of SP at 0.25 mg/kg with CA at 20 and 30%, and SP at 0.5 mg/kg with CA at 20 and 30% after 3 days of exposure. Progeny production of S. oryzae was decreased significantly in all treatments compared with untreated wheat grains after 90 days of exposure. High rates induced progeny reduction of 100% and complete protection of wheat grains against damage caused by S. oryzae after 90 days. Moreover, germination percentages of wheat seeds treated with CH at 0.5 mg/kg, DE at 1.0 mg/kg, CA at 30% and CH at 0.5 mg/kg + CA at 30% were 90.6, 86.7, 86.7 and 90.0, respectively. Our results indicate that the combination of insecticides with CA appears promising as an approach for the control of S. oryzae.

Quantitative and rapid detection of spinosad and spinetoram by a gold nanoparticle-based immunostrip.

Spinosad (SPI) and spinetoram (Et-SPI) are currently among the most popular new insecticides because of their high efficiency and low toxicity. However, excessive residues in food still pose a potential risk to public health. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen residue monitoring of the two insecticides based on a simple and rapid method. In this study, a highly sensitive mAb (6G9) against SPI and Et-SPI was prepared using the hapten SPI-HS and used to develop a colloidal gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic strip for the detection of SPI and Et-SPI in samples. The quantitative ranges of the developed strip for SPI and Et-SPI were 8.93-1633 ng g-1 and 20.3-3555 ng g-1 in rice, 32.6-785 ng g-1 and 79.3-1862 ng g-1 in tea, and 9.66-360 ng g-1 and 23.9-931 ng g-1 in onions, respectively. In addition, recovery rates ranged from 85.7% to 112.7% with a coefficient of variation <9.5%. Therefore, our developed method was sensitive and valid as a quantitative tool for the rapid monitoring of SPI and Et-SPI in foods.

Binary and ternary toxicological interactions of clothianidin and eight commonly used pesticides on honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Although many toxicological evaluations have been conducted for honey bees (Apis mellifera), most of these studies have only focused on the effects of individual chemicals. However, honey bees are usually exposed to pesticide mixtures under field conditions. In this study, we examined the effects of individual pesticides and mixtures of clothianidin (CLO) with eight other pesticides [carbaryl (CAR), thiodicarb (THI), chlorpyrifos (CHL), beta-cyfluthrin (BCY), gamma-cyhalothrin (GCY), tetraconazole (TET), spinosad (SPI) and indoxacarb (IND)] on honey bees using a feeding method. Toxicity tests of a 4-day exposure to individual pesticides revealed that CLO had the highest toxicity to A. mellifera, with an LC50 value of 0.24 μg a.i. mL-1, followed by IND and CHL with LC50 values of 3.40 and 3.56 μg a.i. mL-1, respectively. SPI and CAR had relatively low toxicities, with LC50 values of 7.19 and 8.42 μg a.i. mL-1, respectively. In contrast, TET exhibited the least toxicity, with an LC50 value of 258.7 μg a.i. mL-1. Most binary mixtures of CLO with other pesticides exerted additive and antagonistic effects. However, all the ternary mixtures containing CLO and TET (except for CLO+TET+THD) elicited synergistic responses to bees. Either increased numbers of components in the mixture or/and a unique mode of action appeared to be responsible for the higher toxicity of mixtures. Our findings emphasized the need for risk assessment of pesticide mixtures rather than the individual chemicals. Our data also provided information that might help growers avoid increased toxicity and unnecessary injury to pollinators.

Nanotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture: An Emerging Perspective.

The realm of agriculture has to confront an expansive gamut of challenges including climatic change, stagnant crop yield and the increasing resistance against pesticides. The explicit usage of agrochemicals along with the introduction of high yielding varieties and genetically modified seeds has already directed the agricultural systems towards a state of saturation in production. Therefore, the increasing need of sustainability demands the involvement of advanced nanotechnological approaches for enhancing crop productivity. Enhanced solubility, absorption and target specificity of nannofertilizers prepared using materials like silver, copper, gold and oxides of zinc and iron could address some of nutritional challenges. Nanopesticides such as chitosan loaded with spino sad, silica encapsulating fipronil and sodium alginate enclosing imidacloprid find applications in pest control while fluorescence nanosensor, carbon and graphene nanodots are exploited in herbicide and heavy metal detection. Nanofilteration involving grapheme, cellulose and cyclodextrin for removal of salt, heavy metals and organic pollutants, respectively, could significantly improve quality of hard and waste water making it suitable for irrigation.

Microelements in Soils and Cenopopulation of Medicinal Plants

The article provides an analysis of the cenopopulation and element composition of the medicinal Capparis spinosa L. distributed in calcisols formed on eroded alluvial- proluvial rock-gravel rocks in the south of the Fergana Valley. The predominance of immature plants in the cenopopulation was detected in the Arsif hills, and quantitative indicators of micronutrients in the vegetative and generative organs of Capparis spinosa L. were determined. The study of biomorphological characteristics of the plant during the growing season (April-October) was carried out in the identified 10 observational experimental field populations. Soil, plant element analysis was performed by neutron-activation method. In this case, the samples were irradiated in a nuclear reactor with a neutron flux of 5 × 1013 neutrons/cm2sec, and their quantities were determined in accordance with the half-life of chemical elements. It has also been compared with research materials conducted by world scientists on the importance and pharmacological properties of botanicals in medicine and the food industry, as well as their botanical characteristics.

Naturally-occurring spinosyn A and its derivatives function as argininosuccinate synthase activator and tumor inhibitor

Argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1) is a ubiquitous enzyme in mammals that catalyzes the formation of argininosuccinate from citrulline and aspartate. ASS1 genetic deficiency in patients leads to an autosomal recessive urea cycle disorder citrullinemia, while its somatic silence or down-regulation is very common in various human cancers. Here, we show that ASS1 functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, and the pesticide spinosyn A (SPA) and its derivative LM-2I suppress breast tumor cell proliferation and growth by binding to and activating ASS1. The C13-C14 double bond in SPA and LM-2I while the Cys97 (C97) site in ASS1 are critical for the interaction between ASS1 and SPA or LM-2I. SPA and LM-2I treatment results in significant enhancement of ASS1 enzymatic activity in breast cancer cells, particularly in those cancer cells with low ASS1 expression, leading to reduced pyrimidine synthesis and consequently the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Thus, our results establish spinosyn A and its derivative LM-2I as potent ASS1 enzymatic activator and tumor inhibitor, which provides a therapeutic avenue for tumors with low ASS1 expression and for those non-tumor diseases caused by down-regulation of ASS1.

Efficacy of low-dose combinations of diatomaceous earth, spinosad and Trichoderma harzianum for the control of Callosobruchus maculatus and Callosobruchus chinensis on stored cowpea seeds

The insecticidal efficacy of diatomaceous earth (DE), spinosad (SP) and Trichoderma harzianum (TH), and their combinations was evaluated against the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) on cowpea seeds. The application rates used in this study were 100 and 500 mg/kg (ppm) for DE, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg (ppm) for SP, and 1 × 104 and 1 × 106 spores/kg for TH. The adult mortality of both insect species was counted after 7 days. Progeny reduction after 40 and 80 days, and cowpea seeds weight loss after 80 days were determined for all tested individual and combined treatments. In individual treatments, DE caused higher mortality of both insects than SP and TH. DE induced 76.4 and 78.7% mortality of C. maculatus and C. chinensis, respectively, at 500 mg/kg. The ternary combined treatments of SP, TH and DE showed higher insecticidal activity than binary combination and individual treatments. Complete adult mortality of both insect species was achieved using a ternary mixture at application rate of 500 mg/kg of DE, 0.5 mg/kg of SP and 1 × 106 spores/kg of T. harzianum. All individual and combined treatments significantly reduced progeny production of both insect species after 40 and 80 days. However, the ternary mixture treatments strongly suppressed progeny production. Similarly, ternary mixture treatments protected cowpea seeds from damage and weight loss caused by both insect species for 80 days. These results indicate that the combinations of DE, SP and TH could be successfully used for the management of C. maculatus and C. chinensis in stored cowpea seeds.

Determinación del contenido de taninos extraído de la vaina de la tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) proveniente del barrio el portete, cantón Gonzanamá de la provincia de Loja

La tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) es una especie forestal originaria de Sudamérica, la cual presenta una gran potencialidad en la industria mundial en el campo de agroexportación y agroindustria, por el uso de sus derivados como taninos, mismo que tiene una demanda insatisfecha en el mercado al ser utilizado en industrias de curtiembre y alimentación; el trabajo de investigación se lo desarrolló en los meses de septiembre del 2019 a marzo del 2020 y tuvo como finalidad determinar la cantidad de taninos presentes en los frutos recolectados en el barrio El Portete, para ello se elaboró extractos acuosos por maceración y calentamiento, a los cuales se realizó los análisis organoléptico (color y olor) y físico – químico (pH y densidad), y, la cuantificación de taninos a cada extracto, considerando dos concentraciones de solución de permanganato de potasio (0,025 y 0,1 N). Los resultados muestran que las características organolépticas y físico – químicas de los extractos obtenidos por calentamiento y maceración no presentaron diferencias significativas entre ellas, excepto el pH que oscila entre moderadamente (3,7) y ligeramente ácido (4,3); en cuanto a la cuantificación de taninos se observa similitud entre los valores obtenidos con los dos métodos de extracción, sin embargo, existió diferencias entre los valores alcanzados con las dos concentraciones de permanganato de potasio, obteniendo los mejores rendimientos (52,5 %) a la concentración de KMnO4 al 0,1 N.

Photoprotection and release study of spinosad biopolymeric microparticles obtained by spray drying

Microparticles containing the photosensitive spinosad (SP) were obtained using a combination of chitosan (CH) and sodium lignosulfonate (SL) as encapsulating materials to develop a photoprotective system for intake administration. The microparticles were obtained by a spray drying technique and were characterized in terms of morphology (scanning electron microscopy - SEM) and particle size. In vitro release studies showed an initial burst effect that fits very well with the zero order kinetic model and then a slow release of the bioinsecticide, which fits best with the first order model. The results of this work demonstrate that the bioinsecticide carrier system developed with natural polymeric materials presents high stability to photodegradation and adequate insecticide release for use as a strategy to reduce negative impacts on the environment in agronomic practices.

Assessment of aridity effects on phytochemistry and ecophysiology of Argania spinosa (L.)

Assessment of aridity effects on phytochemistry and ecophysiology of Argania spinosa (L.)

Revision of the tribe Cryptonychini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)of New Caledonia.

New Caledonian members of the tribe Cryptonychini are revised. The tribe is represented by eigth genera and 23 species, all but one endemic to New Caledonia. A new genera Paratorquispa gen. nov. and Wanatispa gen. nov. are proposed, and 11 species are described as new: Brontispa caledonica sp. nov., Caledonispa bivittata sp. nov., Caledonispa panieensis sp. nov., Caledonispa spinosa sp. nov., Isopedhispa costata sp. nov., Isopedhispa latemarginata sp. nov., Teretrispa daccordii sp. nov., Teretrispa longicollis sp. nov., Torquispa convexifrons sp. nov., Wanatispa cylindricollis sp. nov., and Wanatispa rutai sp. nov. Torquispa caledoniae Uhmann, 1954 is transferred to the genus Paratorquispa, comb. nov. Each taxon is provided with a detailed description, set of figures and studied material. Keys to all taxa are proposed.

Medicinal seeds Ziziphus spinosa for insomnia: Pilot results of a randomised controlled trial

Medicinal seeds Ziziphus spinosa for insomnia: Pilot results of a randomised controlled trial

Genotoxic and mutagenic assessment of spinosad using bioassays with Tradescantia pallida and Drosophila melanogaster

Spinosad (SPN) is a naturally-occurring insecticide obtained from the fermentation process of the actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Owing to the larvicidal action, the compound has been used in the control of Aedes aegypti. As a new insecticide commercially available in the market, few data are reported on genotoxic effects in non-target organisms. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mutagenic effect of SPN through the Micronucleus Test in Tradescantia pallida (Trad-MCN) and using the mutation and somatic recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster (SMART). At the Trad-MCN, after acclimatization (24 h), T. pallida stems were submitted to chronic treatment with SPN at concentrations of 0.156; 0.312; 0.625; 1.25 and 2.5 g/L solution for 24 h, followed by a recovery period. In SMART, considering the third stage larvae, offspring resulting from the ST and HB crossing were placed on chronic treatment (48 h) with 0.039; 0.078 and 0.156 μg/mL of SPN solution. No mutagenic effect was observed at any of the evaluated concentrations in SMART. Additionally, SPN is more toxic after metabolism via CYP6A2 (cytochrome P450) in D. melanogaster. However, SPN at the concentrations of 0.625; 1.25 and 2.5 g/L was able to induce high frequency of micronuclei in T. pallida. Under the experimental conditions of T. pallida in the present study, SPN caused genotoxic activity.

Vegetative propagation of Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels cuttings: Effects of auxins and genotype

Argania spinosa (L.) is an endemic tree species of south-western Morocco; it plays a very important socio-economic and environmental role. However, the vegetative propagation of the argan tree by traditional cuttings is limited by the difficulty of rooting and survival during transplantation in the field. Considering these facts, this study intended to investigate the rooting ability and growth performance of argan tree cuttings, collected from four elite trees rated ASOC1, ASOC2, ASOC3 and ASOC4, and treated with four concentrations (0, 1000, 3000 and 5000 mgL-1) of IBA, NAA and IAA. The results revealed cuttings of ASOC2 and ASOC3 genotypes were relatively less responsive than ASOC1 and ASOC4, this genotype effect was more pronounced in auxin treated cuttings. Treatment of cuttings by IBA was more effective than treatments by either NAA or IAA. Among all the media tested, 3000 mgL-1 of IBA with ASOC1 resulted in higher sprouting (81.75%), rooting (60.75%) and survival rates (96.25%). However, with the increase of IBA concentration levels (>3000 mgL-1), adventitious roots and sprouts performances decreased in all the genotypes. Argania spinosa could be successfully propagated by cuttings from selected elite trees.