Spinosad Treatments Research Articles

Evaluation of insecticides for the control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on soybean, and the implications for field adoption

AbstractSeven insecticides were evaluated against first‐, third‐ and fifth‐instar Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) larvae using a leaf‐disc bioassay of field‐treated soybean. Significant differences were detected in age‐specific mortality, time to effect (LT50) and field persistence of the insecticides tested. With the exception of trichlorfon, the mortality of first‐instar larvae was similar in the different treatments to the commercial standard, methomyl. The mortality of third‐ and fifth‐instar larvae in the spinosad and chlorpyrifos treatments was also similar to that in the methomyl treatment, while the age‐specific mortality of the insecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis and nucleopolyhedrovirus declined more rapidly, resulting in low mortality to fifth‐instar larvae. The LT50 of the biological‐based products were significantly greater than those of the conventional products. Only chlorpyrifos showed significant activity 1 week after treatment. The results suggest the need for a user education program to highlight the likely differences in the field performance of the newer biological‐based products compared with the conventional chemicals with which growers are familiar.

Comparison of Insecticides Against Oblr on Apple, 1997

Abstract Treatments were applied with a truck-mounted airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gallons of water/acre to 0.25 acre plots of apple trees in two orchards: (1) ‘Idared’ trees (Nesbitt orchard), which were 10 ft high, 12 ft wide and with rows 20 ft apart, (2) ‘Delicious’ trees (Buhr orchard), which were 10 ft high, 9 ft wide and with rows 20 ft apart. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated once in each orchard. Six schedules of a mixture of Confirm 2F (4.5 oz (AI)/acre) and Latron B-1956 (16 oz/acre) were compared: (1) An initial spray was applied at the first catch of moths (20 Jun) followed by sprays on 1 Jul, 16 Jul and 30 Jul; (2) An initial spray was applied at the first catch of moths (20 Jun), followed by a spray at first hatch (1 Jul); (3) An initial spray was applied at first catch (20 Jun) followed by another spray on 16 Jul; (4) The initial spray was applied at the estimated mid-point of cumulative egg hatch (16 Jul), followed by a spray on 30 Jul; (5) The initial spray was applied at first hatch (1 Jul) followed by another spray at the estimated mid-point of cumulative egg hatch (16 Jul); (6) spray was applied at first hatch (1 Jul), followed by sprays on 16 Jul and 30 Jul. Also, Confirm 2°F (4.5 oz (AI)/acre) + summer oil, Confirm 2°F (4.5 oz (AI)/acre) and Confirm 2°F (3.0 oz (AI)/acre) 1 Latron B-1956 (16 oz/acre) were applied on 1 Jul, 16 Jul, and 30 Jul. Three treatments of Spinosad 2 SC were compared: (1) Spinosad 2 SC (1.0 oz (AI)/acre) applied at first hatch on (1 Jul), followed by additional sprays on 16 Jul and 30 Jul; (2) Spinosad 2 SC (1.25 oz (AI)/acre) applied at first hatch (1 Jul), and on 16 Jul and 30 Jul; (3) Spinosad 2 SC (1.0 oz (AI)/acre) plus Confirm 2°F (3.0 oz (AI)/acre) applied at first hatch (1 Jul), 16 Jul, and 30 Jul. Lorsban 50 W (24 oz (AI)/acre) was applied as a standard treatment at first hatch (1 Jul), 16 Jul, and 30 Jul. Check plots were not sprayed with insecticides during the test. Summer populations of larvae were compared by examining 20-50 growing terminals from each of five randomly selected trees/plot for live larvae on 29 Jul. Fruit damage from the first summer generation of larvae was estimated initially on 11, 12 Aug by sampling 100-200 apples from each of 4 randomly selected trees/plot. At harvest (30 Sep, Buhr orchard and 3 Oct, Nesbitt orchard), 200 apples were picked from each plot and OBLR damaged fruit was classified according to USDA grading standards into the categories of “Fancy”, #1 and culls.

Evaluation of the Fermentation Byproduct Spinosad and Conventional Insecticide Treatments for Controlling Sunflower Beetle Larvae, 1996

Abstract A commercial sunflower field near Mina, in north-central South Dakota, was selected foi our trial of several insecticide treatments at standard and reduced rates for management of SB larvae. The experiment was arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications, and individual treatment plots were 25 ft long by 10 rows (38 inch spacing) wide. In addition, each plot was bordered by two buffer rows to prevent drift. Pre-application evaluations were carried out using whole-plant visual counts of the number of live SB larvae per plant. Twenty plants were examined from each treatment plot and these counts indicated an average of 11 SB larvae per plant within the test area. Treatments were applied on 11 Ju’ using a CO2-propelled backpack sprayer system with a hand-held 6.7-ft long boom. The boom was equipped with 4 TeeJet 8001 nozzles spaced 20 inches apart, and was calibrated to deliver a spray volume of 15 gpa while traveling at 3 mph. Insecticide efficacy was evaluated at 6 DAT using the same count ing technique and number of samples described for pre-application sampling. Data were analyzed with SAS’ s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.

Comparisons of Chemical Controls for Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) on Greenhouse-grown Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.)

Chemical and physical methods were tested to determine their effectiveness in controlling Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), in greenhouses. Comparisons were made between abamectin (Avid); Spinosyn A and D, formulated from the soil Actinomycete, Saccharopolyspora spinosa (Spinosad); azadirachtin (Margosan-O); and diatomaceous earth, a physical control aimed at deterring pupation. Results based on the number of thrips counted in gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) flowers indicate that the chemical treatments were significantly more effective in reducing populations than the diatomaceous earth. Over time, the population of thrips in both the Avid and Spinosad treatments was reduced to zero. Diatomaceous earth treatments reduced populations almost 50% as compared to the control, while reductions from Margosan-O ranged 50-90%.

Laboratory Evaluation Of Dose And Manner Of Pickup Of Spinosad On The Migratory Grasshopper, 1995

Abstract Using a spray tower to simulate aerially applied liquid sprays, three doses of Spinosad (a bacteria derived product) were each applied to grasshoppers and pots of growing grass separately on 7 Sept. For each dose, untreated grasshoppers were confined on treated grass, treated grasshoppers were confined on untreated grass and treated grasshoppers were confined on treated grass. Untreated grasshoppers were confined on untreated grass as a control. Grasshoppers treated with Fyfanon ULV (malathion) were confined on grass treated with Fyfanon as a standard for comparison. All spray treatments were applied at an equivalent total volume of 32 fluid oz/acre. Spinosad treatments were applied in distilled water and Fyfanon was diluted and applied in oil. The study design consistedof 10 replicates per treatment. Each replicate consisted of a caged pot of grass containing five fourth instar grasshoppers. Pots were 4 inches X 4 inches square with a 9 inch high cage attached and contained grass approximately 4 inches high at time of treatment. Caged grasshoppers were held at 78°2±°F and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D). Dead grasshopperswere removed from the cages and mortality recorded daily.

Apple, Obliquebanded Leafroller Control with Spinosad, 1995

Abstract This study was conducted in a 16-yr-old orchard of ‘Rhode Island Greening‘ trees which measured 12 ft wide and 10-16 ft high and were planted 20 by 20 ft. The treatments were replicated 4 times as single-tree plots and arranged in a randomized block design, with each plot surrounded by 4 unsprayed buffer trees. Treatments were applied with a FMC DO 10 handgun sprayer operated at 150 psi. Approximately 3.6 gal of spray solution was applied to each tree as a spray to drip treatment. Treatments were applied at approximately 10, 50 and 90% egg hatch of OBLR 29 Jun, 10 and 24 Jul, respectively. Application of treatments were arranged in 3 different spray schedules: A, 29 Jun and 10 Jul; B, 10 Jul and 24 Jul; and C, 29 Jun, 10 Jul and 24 Jul. Spinosad was compared to a standard commercial treatment, Lorsban 50W (170 g AI per 100 gal applied on schedule C) and an untreated check. On 16 Aug, 100 terminals per plot were assessed for feeding damage caused by the summer generation of OBLR larvae. On 22 Aug, 100 fruit were collected from each plot and assessed for damage caused by larvae. The Spinosad treatments were analyzed separately as a factorial experiment to compare main effects of rate and schedule.