Spinning System Research Articles

High-throughput production of kilogram-scale nanofibers by Kármán vortex solution blow spinning.

The interaction between gas flow and liquid flow, governed by fluid dynamic principles, is of substantial importance in both fundamental science and practical applications. For instance, a precisely designed gas shearing on liquid solution may lead to efficacious production of advanced nanomaterials. Here, we devised a needleless Kármán vortex solution blow spinning system that uses a roll-to-roll nylon thread to deliver spinning solution, coupled with vertically blowing airflow to draw high-quality nanofibers with large throughput. A wide variety of nanofibers including polymers, carbon, ceramics, and composites with tunable diameters were fabricated at ultrahigh rates. The system can be further upgraded from single thread to multiple parallel threads and to the meshes, boosting the production of nanofibers to kilogram scale without compromising their quality.

Comparison of solo and conventional ring yarns: effects on the compression characteristics of cut-pile carpets

Carpet manufacturers are continuously looking for new approach to improve the characteristics of their produced carpets in terms of appearance and durability. Material and structural parameters have a significant effect on the carpet compression properties. This study deals with characterization of the cut-pile carpets produced with Solospun pile yarns in comparison to Ring spun yarns. To this end, the acrylic pile yarns were produced in same linear density using a semi-worsted Solo- and Ring spinning systems. Both prepared pile yarns were used to produce machine-woven carpets in two different weft densities (1500 and 2000 yarns/m). Compression characteristics of the manufactured carpet samples under compression loading were evaluated. The findings revealed that the hairiness of Solospun yarn decreased by 24% and 41% for 3 and 6 mm hairs, respectively; while the yarn abrasion resistance increased by 39%. The results also revealed that the thickness loss (TL) under long-term static loading was vividly lower for the carpets produced from Solospun yarns, in comparison to Ring spun yarns. The compression characteristics such as compressibility, permanent deformation, compression energy and residual energy of the carpet samples made of the Solospun yarns were less than those made of conventional Ring spun yarns. Finally, using the Solospun yarns as carpet pile leads to higher useful life and pile recovery of the cut-pile carpets. Accordingly, these yarns are recommended to be applied in the carpet industry, instead of the Ring spun pile yarns.

Hemp Fibre Properties and Processing Target Textile: A Review.

Over the last several decades, Cannabis sativa L. has become one of the most fashionable plants. To use the hemp potential for the development of a sustainable textile bio-product sector, it is necessary to learn about the effect of the processes creating hemp’s value chain on fibre properties. This review presents a multi-perspective approach to industrial hemp as a resource delivering textile fibres. This article extensively explores the current development of hemp fibre processes including methods of fibre extraction and processing and comprehensive fibre characteristics to indicate the challenges and opportunities regarding Cannabis sativa L. Presented statistics prove the increasing interest worldwide in hemp raw material and hemp-based bio-products. This article discusses the most relevant findings in terms of the effect of the retting processes on the composition of chemical fibres resulting in specific fibre properties. Methods of fibre extraction include dew retting, water retting, osmotic degumming, enzymatic retting, steam explosion and mechanical decortication to decompose pectin, lignin and hemicellulose to remove them from the stem with varying efficiency. This determines further processes and proves the diversity of ways to produce yarn by employing different spinning systems such as linen spinning, cotton and wool spinning technology with or without the use of the decortication process. The aim of this study is to provide knowledge for better understanding of the textile aspects of hemp fibres and their relationship to applied technological processes.

Symmetrical circulation gradient color system construction and gradient color yarn spun by a three-channel numerical control spinning system

Aiming at the technical drawback that traditional spinning technology cannot accurately control the color distribution of yarn and spin gradient color yarn, a three-channel numerical control spinning mechanism that regulates yarn color gradient online is put forward, and gradient color yarn is successfully produced. The coupling-combination color mixing mode of ternary color fibers is innovatively designed, and the mixing ratio matrix, mixing chromatography matrix and mixing chromatography, including all mixing samples, are constructed. Three kinds of gradient paths, namely the row gradient, column gradient and diagonal gradient, are planned based on the mixing ratio matrix, and the corresponding gradient chromatography matrix and gradient chromatography are given. Taking green, magenta and yellow rovings as an example, a three-channel numerical control spinning process was designed and three types of 16 kinds of gradient color yarns were spun. The results show that the knitted fabric of the gradient yarn spun by digitally adjusting the yarn blending ratio shows a periodic natural and soft gradient color. The mechanical properties and appearance quality of the gradient color yarn are close to the corresponding indexes of color-spun yarn, but there is still room for improvement.

Silver nanowire loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocomposite fibers as electroactive scaffolds for skeletal muscle regeneration

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) due to trauma and tumor removal operations affects millions of people every year. Although skeletal muscle has a natural repair mechanism, it cannot provide self-healing above a critical level of VML. In this study, nanocomposite aligned fiber scaffolds as support materials were developed for volumetric skeletal muscle regeneration. For this purpose, silver nanowire (Ag NW) loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanocomposite fiber scaffolds (PCL-Ag NW) were prepared to mimic the aligned electroactive structure of skeletal muscle and provide topographic and conductive environment to modulate cellular behavior and orientation. A computer-aided rotational wet spinning (RWS) system was designed to produce high-yield fiber scaffolds. Nanocomposite fiber bundles with lengths of 50 cm were fabricated via this computer-aided RWS system. The morphological, chemical, thermal properties and biodegradation profiles of PCL and PCL-Ag NW nanocomposite fibers were characterized in detail. The proliferation behavior and morphology of C2C12 mouse myoblasts were investigated on PCL and PCL-Ag NW nanocomposite fibrous scaffolds with and without electrical stimulation. Significantly enhanced cell proliferation was observed on PCL-Ag NW nanocomposite fibers compared to neat PCL fibers with electrical stimulations of 1.5 V, 3 V and without electrical stimulation.

Eri silkworm spins mechanically robust silk fibers regardless of reeling speed.

Wild silkworms survive in environmental habitats in which temperature and humidity vary based on the weather. In contrast, domesticated silkworms live in mild environments where temperature and humidity are generally maintained at constant levels. Previous studies showed that the mechanical strengths and molecular orientation of the silk fibers reeled from domesticated silkworms are significantly influenced by the reeling speed. Here, we investigated the effects of reeling speed on the mechanical properties of eri silk fibers produced by wild silkworms, Samia cynthia ricini, which belong to the family of Saturniidae. We found that the structural, morphological and mechanical features of eri silk fibers are maintained irrespective of the reeling speed, in contrast to those of domesticated silkworm silk fibers. The obtained results are useful not only for understanding the biological basis underlying the natural formation of silk fibers but also for contributing to the design of artificial spinning systems for producing synthetic silk fibers.

ТЎҚИМАЧИЛИК САНОАТИ КОРХОНАЛАРИДА МАҲСУЛОТ ИШЛАБ ЧИҚАРИШ ЖАРАЁНИНИ ТАШКИЛ ЭТИШНИНГ ТАРМОҚҚА ХОС ХУСУСИЯТЛАРИ

This article examines the industry-specific features of the organization of the production process in the textile industry. It is also important to note that in mass production one type of product is produced by a large number of enterprises for a long time, what factors distinguish weaving enterprises from other enterprises, what are the shortcomings of the old spinning system, what are the advantages of scientific technology? given that they should have.

Achievements of electro spinning chitosan using composite materials

The electro spinning system depicts the transformation of an inorganic nano component or polymers into such another polymer or inorganic grid. An option is to electro spin a colloidal scattering. We've involved an assortment of strong Nano powders and polymers in our examination. Every one of the colloids that breezed through the assessment was electros pun. The little nanoparticles of the made nano fiber mats were contained by the polymeric nano fibers; in any case, the huge ones were identified sticking to the nanofiber mats. When contrasted with unadulterated polymeric nanofibers, the recommended technique could be used to make polymeric nanofibers with metal nanoparticles, which could have fascinating elements. As far as bioactivity, PCL/Ti nanofiber mats beat virgin PCL. The proposed approach can be respected in a game-changing strategy for assembling a development of electrospun nanofiber mats that beyond the realm of possibilities to expect to make utilizing current electrospinning techniques. The nano composite materials utilized in electrospinning are polymer-based, artistic, metallic, and other bioactive particles.

Influence of the hydrodynamic degumming process on the quality of decorticated flax fibers

The study explored the impact of the hydrodynamic degumming process applied for decorticated monomorphic flax on fiber quality. The experiment was designed as the first stage of research leading to the development of a method for decorticated flax fiber elementarization and cottonization; in particular, effectively dividing the fiber bundles to ensure low linear density and reducing impurities in the content, to make the fibers suitable for cotton spinning systems. The degumming process of the decorticated fibers covered hydrodynamic disposal of the gluing substances, mainly pectins from the fibers, with use of a specially designed lab-scale Model Device for Physical Degumming of the Flax Fibers. The degummed fibers were tested for linear density, length, impurity content and chemical composition by thermogravimetric analysis combined with the analysis of evolved gases (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and analysis of images of fiber cross-sections and longitudinal views from a scanning electron microscope. The study outcomes allowed us to determine the optimal parameters of the degumming process applied for decorticated flax fibers, in which the obtained fibers were of the highest quality. It was found that the optimal parameters of the process were a bath temperature of 30°C and a degumming process duration of 24 hours. These lab-scale process conditions were used in further work on the degumming process of flax fiber carried out on a semi-technical scale, followed by a mechanical cottonization of the fiber, at the final stage of the technological chain.

Bioinspired Silk Fiber Spinning System via Automated Track-Drawing.

Regenerated silk fibroin (SF) fiber is a multifaceted protein matrix suitable for engineering a wide variety of biological materials. Numerous artificial spinning systems have been developed to mimic the molecular structure and hierarchical properties found in native silks. Here, we show a bioinspired technique that can readily form nanofibers and induce both orientation and structure formation of crystalline β-sheet assemblies seen in natural silk. In this study, electrospun postdrawn SF nanofibers were fabricated using an automated track-drawing (TD) approach for the continuous production of highly aligned protein nanofibers. This one-step postdrawing process simulates the dominant pulling force seen in natural spinning. The mechanical performance of the postdrawn SF nanofibers with a draw ratio of 2 (DR2) via TD exhibited a 115% increase in Young's modulus and an 80% increase in ultimate tensile strength, compared with the undrawn SF fibers after water treatment. It was also determined that the intermolecular β-sheet content in DR2 nanofibers increased by 75%. This contribution led to higher glass-transition and degradation temperatures. These biomimetic fibers with structural hierarchy and mechanical properties may be used to build high-performance load-bearing and directionally propagating structures relevant in biomaterial and sustainable material applications.

Blended PVA/PVP Electro spun nanofibers for Coating Application

The use of polymeric blended nanofibres is one of the recent applications in the food and liquid packaging. The current research aims to prepare the nanofibers coatings from the blend of polymeric materials via the electro spinning technique 0.08 weight ratio concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dissolved in water, as well as, (0.2 weight ratio concentration ) of poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used to obtain different volume proportions of (PVA:PVP) solutions include (100:0, 80:20,70:30, 50:50, 20:80, and 0:100). The electro spinning system was organized with pumping conditions (20 kV for the applied voltage, 20 cm pumping distance, 1ml/hr pumping rate) and a needle diameter with 0.4mm diameter. The properties of the polymeric solutions involve (viscosity, surface tension, and electrical conductivity of the liquid) were examined. A scanning electron microscope technique was used to study the surface properties of the prepared films, and the contact angle via the contact angle analyzer was examined. The results of a scanning electron microscope proved that the diameter of the nano fibers increases with increasing the concentration and viscosity of solutions and decreasing its electrical conductivity. Also, the results of the contact angle analyzer showed an increase the hydrophilic property via increasing percentage of polyvinylpyrrolidone.

Macroscopic quantum coherence in a spinning optomechanical system

We investigate the various macroscopic quantum coherences including one-, two- and three-mode ones in a spinning whispering-gallery-mode resonator system and examine how the input laser power, the coupling strength of the optical modes, the rotating angular velocity, and the optical and mechanical decay rates influence them. We find in two- and three-mode quantum coherences the one-mode quantum coherences play a main role. We also find that the quantum coherences in the spinning system are nonreciprocal, they monotonically increase as the rotating angular velocity increases when the driving direction of the laser field is consistent with the rotation direction of the resonator, otherwise they reduce monotonically.

Development of a Microcontroller-Based, Small-Scale Rotational Fiber Collection Device

Fiber materials and textiles are topics of much research and study today, with efforts being made to produce fibers that are stronger, more durable, more breathable, and better for the environment. However, the production of fibers at the laboratory scale is uncommon and difficult past the prototype phase, and to a commercial fiber production level. Most current fiber spinning systems are too large to be operated anywhere outside of a designated facility and are prohibitively expensive. Here we present the build for a simple and affordable fiber collection device adept for demonstrations, student laboratories, and early research prototyping. This paper describes a nearly laboratory ready, functional fiber collection device that was designed, built, and evaluated during the COVID pandemic. It is constructed of an Arduino microcontroller, a toy motor, and basic circuit components with an assembled cost of ∼$60. The developed spinner’s rotational speed ranged from ∼120–960 rpm. Spinner functionality was tested via fiber winding, solution spinning, and melt spinning. It is estimated that the spinner could hold ∼3.5 g worth of fiber before unloading and restarting with a fresh spool. Melt spun fibers produced by the unit were measured to have an average diameter of 31 ± 6 μm. Ultimately, this system was designed to be a low-cost entry point to fiber spinning for research and more primarily for education purposes. The parts list and system design are included and could be expanded upon as part of a learning laboratory exercise around the design/build/test paradigm. The current system works effectively as a demonstration to produce low- to moderate-quality fibers. The design would need to be augmented with a higher-torque motor, and certain components would need to be replaced if higher-quality fibers are desired.

Characterization, Antistatic Treatment and Spinnability of Bio-based Polyamide 5,6 Staple Fibers

A new kind of bio-based polyamide 5,6 (PA56) fiber has been synthesized from adipic acid and 1,5-pentanediamine. In this report, the characterization, antistatic treatment, mechanical properties, moisture absorption, mass-specific electrical resistance, and static electricity of the PA56 staple fibers were investigated. The spinnability of the PA56 yarns was studied. The results showed that the breaking strength of the PA56 fibers was 3.55 cN·dtex−1, the breaking elongation was 61.60% and the initial modulus was 49.32 cN·dtex−1. The PA56 staple fibers had an excellent moisture absorption of 4.68% and the easy release of water from the fibers. The release of water absorbed on the staple fibers made the carding processing of the PA56 fibers difficult due to electrostatic aggregation. Thus, an antistatic treatment of the PA56 staple fibers was carried out. Compared with the untreated fibers, the treated fibers exhibited a spectacular improvement in conductivity which led to their high efficiency of carding and good spinnability. The potential of the PA56 staple fibers carding web decreased from +21.2 to +0.04 kv when treated. The mass-specific electrical resistance of the treated PA56 staple fibers decreased from more than 104 MΩ·g·cm−2 to 290 MΩ·g·cm−2 both at a relative humidity (RH) of 35%, and from 1500 to 9.5 MΩ·g·cm−2 both at a 65% RH. The Ring yarn and Siro-spun yarn were successful produced by their spinning systems. The measurement results of the yarns demonstrated that the Siro-spun yarn had better properties than the Ring yarn, such as tensile strength, unevenness (CV%), hairiness index (H) and abrasion resistance.

Compact Spinning in Cotton-based Core-spun Yarn: A Review

In today's world, textile outfits are chosen not only for their functional properties but also for their comfort. As cotton is synonymous with comfort in textile industries, cotton-based core-spun yarn is becoming increasingly popular day by day, where the core element satisfies the functional properties and the cotton sheath provides a good hand feel and comfort. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, researchers developed a new spinning modification known as the compact spinning system to improve yarn quality. In cotton-based compact core-spun yarn, reduced hairiness, unevenness (U%), thick place, thin place, neps, and increased strength are achieved. This will also lead to significant abrasion and piling resistance, higher air permeability, lower thermal resistance, and higher Relative Water Vapor Permeability (RWVP). This review paper illustrates the advantages of spinning cotton-based core-spun yarn in the compact spinning system.

Stable magic angle spinning with Low-Cost 3D-Printed parts

A 3D-printed double-bearing magic angle spinning (MAS) system was developed with a home-built 4.0 mm MAS nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe at 7 T. Various fused deposition modelling 3D printers were used to produce spinning modules of ignorable materials costs for rotors with a diameter of 7.0, 4.0, and 3.5 mm. High-performance MAS experiments on the 4.0 mm-diameter model using a pencil-type ceramic rotor and 3D-printed drive cap resulted in a high-resolution 1H NMR signal of silicone grease. The 3.5 mm-diameter MAS system reached a spinning frequency of 23 kHz. Furthermore, 3D-printed inserts were designed for various rotor sizes which can isolate the sample from humidity for a duration of more than a week. Single crystal inserts for MAS rotors of commercial probes can readily be printed using two-color printers. Those developments enable customized low-cost MAS NMR for both adapting existing and manufacturing new probes, respectively.

High mechanical property silk produced by transgenic silkworms expressing the spidroins PySp1 and ASG1

Spider silk is one of the best natural fibers with excellent mechanical properties; however, due to the visual awareness, biting behavior and territory consciousness of spiders, we cannot obtain spider silk by large-scale breeding. Silkworms have a spinning system similar to that of spiders, and the use of transgenic technology in Bombyx mori, which is an ideal reactor for producing spider silk, is routine. In this study, the piggyBac transposon technique was used to achieve specific expression of two putative spider silk genes in the posterior silk glands of silkworms: aggregate spider glue 1 (ASG1) of Trichonephila clavipes (approximately 1.2 kb) and two repetitive units of pyriform spidroin 1 (PySp1) of Argiope argentata (approximately 1.4 kb). Then, two reconstituted spider silk-producing strains, the AG and PA strains, were obtained. Finally, the toughness of the silk fiber was increased by up to 91.5% and the maximum stress was enhanced by 36.9% in PA, and the respective properties in AG were increased by 21.0% and 34.2%. In summary, these two spider genes significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of silk fiber, which can provide a basis for spidroin silk production.

Study on the Characteristics of Cottonized Indian Industrial Hemp Fibers

ABSTRACT Hemp fiber is one of the natural bast fibers, mainly obtained from the hemp plant with the species of Cannabis sativa(L). In recent time, hemp fibers have received wide applicability in composite materials on account of their sustainability and low density compared with manmade fibers. Hemp fibers also have inherent mechanical, acoustic, thermal, and physical properties. Industrial hemp is a genetically modified form of C. sativa(L) plant containing low THC (Δ-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol) value of below 0.3%. In this study, an attempt has been made to cottonization of Indian industrial hemp fiber. The fibers were given an alkali treatment for the removal of non-cellulosic content. Three different levels of concentration, time and temperature were selected for the treatments on the Box-Behnken response surface design principle. The effect of alkali treatment on mechanical properties viz; length, strength, and weight loss and physical properties viz; diameter, surface were analyzed. This process has eliminated the Indian traditional tedious water retting and time-consuming process used on Hemp fibers. The resultant fiber obtained from the proposed process is textile grade quality and spinnable by the cotton dry spinning system. The effect of alkali treatment on the mechanical and physical properties was found significant.

Production of Fine Count Yarns from Some Extra-long Egyptian Cottons on Different Spinning Systems

The current research was carried out to produce fine count yarns from extra-long Egyptian cotton varieties using compact and ring spinning systems.in addition, to compare between compact yarns and ring yarns in terms of their physical and mechanical properties. Three commercial extra-long staple Egyptian cottons Giza92, Giza93 and Giza 96 were used to produce four linear densities of 80, 100, 120 and 140 at 3.6 twist multiplier. Results obtained showed that Giza 92 was surpassed significantly other extra -long staple varieties. It recorded the highest mean values of yarn strength and yarn evenness While, the same variety recorded the lowest mean values of yarn hairiness and imperfections. Compact yarns were much better than yarns spun on the ring spinning in yarn strength, yarn elongation, evenness, yarn imperfections and yarn hairiness. Yarn count 80,s gave higher single yarn strength (20.89cN/tex), yarn elongation (5.03%) and yarn evenness (17.49%) and lower yarn hairiness (2.04) and imperfections than yarn count 140s. Single yarn strength, yarn elongation and yarn evenness were decreased with increasing yarn count. While the number of neps, hairiness, the number of thin and thick places were increased with increasing yarn count. Concerning, the effect of interaction between cotton varieties × yarn counts × spinning systems on yarn quality properties. Yarn count 80s recorded the highest mean values of yarn strength (23.14, 21.1 and 20.2 cN/tex) and yarn evenness (17.72, 16.53 and 16.79%) for varieties Giza92, Giza93 and Giza96, respectively for compact spinning system. Yarn strength at count 80, 100, 120 and 140 correlated negatively and highly significant with micronaire value and maturity ratio.

Assessing environmental impact reduction opportunities through life cycle assessment of apparel products

The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental impact of two apparel products imported to Australia using the life cycle assessment methodology. Within this framework, the impact improvement opportunities are also assessed. Impact improvement options used for this assessment have been selected based on areas where impact reduction can be made and there is available inventory data to quantify the impact reduction potentiality of these improvement options. Impact categories of climate change potential (CCP), acidification potential (AP), water depletion (WD) and agricultural land occupation (ALO) are used for this assessment. The study finds that for cotton T-shirts the largest part of CCP impact (56.52%) is caused by consumer use, and this is mainly generated from energy use during apparel care (51.63%), whereas for polyester jackets the production stage is the main contributor of CCP impact (65.52%), and this is mainly caused by fiber production (21.95%) and electricity use in textile processing (13.58%). The impacts of AP, ALO and WD are largely contributed by production activities. It is observed from this study that the use of recycled polyester, recycled cotton and organic cotton can significantly reduce the impact of all categories, and the use of flax fiber contributes to the reduction of AP, ALO and WD impacts. Impact reduction can be achieved by changing the spinning system, including efficient pattern-making processes, using a more energy-efficient front-loading washing machine, and by changing consumer care habits of their apparel. This study enhances the understanding of the significance of different impact improvement opportunities towards increasing sustainability throughout the life cycle of apparel.