Spinning Mill Research Articles

La Compañía General de Fósforos y los orígenes de la industria hilandera de algodón en Argentina, 1920-1935

<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: normal;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Este artículo analiza los orígenes de la industria hilandera de algodón a partir del caso de la Compañía General de Fósforos. Esta empresa, fundada en 1889, inició en la década de 1920 una nueva etapa de diversificación e integración vertical mediante la instalación de una hilandería de algodón. Aunque inicialmente se planifico que la planta de Bernal sólo sustituiría la importación de hilados para la elaboración de cerillas, pronto se orientó también a la venta al mercado local. Esta reorientación sólo fue posible una vez que los gerentes y técnicos de la empresa resolvieron problemas importantes vinculados con el suministro y la calidad regular de las materias primas y el adiestramiento de la mano de obra. El trabajo también analiza las estrategias empresariales y sus resultados, en el contexto económico particular de los años de la primera posguerra. Asimismo, aporta nueva evidencia empírica sobre los problemas que la implantación de la industria debía enfrentar.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span></p>

4112 水車遺構に見る動力伝達機構の研究(その9) : ガラ紡績工場のタービン水車の事例から(S64-2 機械技術史・工学史(2),21世紀地球環境革命の機械工学:人・マイクロナノ・エネルギー・環境)

We investigated a water turbine for power to be left in old Garabo spinning mill in Toyota city, Aichi. It was installed in the Taisho era, and it was used until the shutdown in Showa 30's. The mill is converted, but a water turbine and the driveline installed below the floor are still in almost condition at the time of the operation. It is a rare industrial heritage showing that a water turbine was used for the Garabo spinning mill.

Properties of heat briquettes on basis of cotton processing waste

Cotton dust is a waste produced in the cotton spinning mill. This matter in mixture with grain straw and additive of brown coal was used for heat briquettes production. Mechanical properties, energy and emission parameters were investigated during their incineration. The blended briquettes and those with coal additive have better use properties as compared with briquettes produced from pure cotton dust.

熊本紡績工場建物の平面の計画について

In the Meiji Era Japan tried to modernize herself adopting advanced industrial technologies of Europe and America. Thus, many cotton spinning mills were built as one of the main industries. However, it has been an open question how these mills were planned actually. The author discussed construction of the cotton spinning mill of Kumamoto Boseki Co. Ltd. in Kumamoto, which has been supposed to be built in 1896, transformed as a shoe factory later and then finally demolished in 2003. He made his own measurements and drawings and researched the original export documents at Lancashire Record Office in UK. Comparing the drawings, English documents, and the other information, he cleared the followings; 1) the mill was originally built in 1894 and extended 1896, 2) the machinery was imported from an English maker of cotton spinning machinery, Dobson & Barlow Ltd., and 3) the plan of the mill was evidently based on the drawings which the company made.

Exposure–response relationship between endotoxin exposure and lung function impairment in cotton textile workers

Preventive workplace regulations are so far not based on an ubiquitously accepted threshold for airborne endotoxin in the bioaerosol. In a cross-sectional study, 150 employees of a cotton spinning mill underwent lung function testing. Furthermore, in a random subset of 75 textile workers cross-shift lung function test and methacholine challenges were performed. Airborne current endotoxin exposure was classified as "low", "medium", and "high" (<or=100, >100-<or=450, and >450 Endotoxin Units (EU)/m(3), respectively) based on endotoxin activity. The exposure-response relationship between current endotoxin exposure and prevalence of an obstructive ventilation pattern was significant (test for linear trend: P = 0.019); the adjusted odds ratio for high endotoxin exposure was 11.22 (95% confidence interval 1.03-121.17). Within individuals, FEV(1)/FVC% was significantly reduced after the shift (paired t test: P = 0.009) but not related to current endotoxin exposure. Twelve workers showed bronchial hyperresponsiveness (8.1% before and 12.2% after the work shift; Fisher's exact test: P = 0.021). The study among German cotton textile workers suggests an exposure-dependent effect of current endotoxin exposure on lung function impairment with significant effects above 450 EU/m(3).

Regressional Estimation of Ring Cotton Yarn Properties from HVI Fiber Properties

The main aim of the present study was to predict the most important yarn quality characteristics derived from cotton fiber properties that were measured by means of an HVI system. With this aim 15 different cotton blends were selected from different spinning mills in Turkey. The cotton fibers were processed in the short staple spinning line at Ege University Textile and Apparel Research-Application Center and were spun into ring yarns (20s, 25s, 30s and 35s). Each count was spun at three different coefficients of twist (αe 3.8, αe 4.2 and αe 4.6). Linear multiple regression methods were used for the estimation of yarn quality characteristics. Yarn count, twist and roving properties all had considerable effects on the yarn properties and therefore these parameters were also selected as predictors. After the goodness of fit statistics very large R2 (coefficient of multiple determination) and adjusted R2 values were observed. Furthermore, analysis of variance tables showed that our equations were significant at the α = 0.01 significance level.

Predictors of early leaving from the cotton spinning mill environment in newly hired workers

Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to identify the predictors of leaving during the first year of employment from the cotton spinning mill environment in newly hired workers. Methods: One hundred...

Mill specific prediction of worsted yarn performance

Different spinning mills use different raw materials, processing methodologies, and equipment, all of which influence the quality of the yarns produced. Because of many variables, there is a difficulty in developing a universal empirical/theoretical model. This work presents a multilayer perceptron algorithm (MLP) model for the purpose of building a mill specific worsted spinning performance prediction tool. Sixteen inputs are used to predict key yarn properties and spinning performance, including number of fibers in cross-section, unevenness (U%), thin places, neps, yarn tenacity, elongation at break, thick places, and spinning ends-down. Validation of the model on mill specific commercial data set shows that the general fit to the target values is good. Importantly, the performance of the MLP shows a certain degree of stability to different, random selections of independent test data. Subsequent comparison against the predicted outputs of Sirolan Yarnspec™ confirms the overall performance of the artificial neural network (ANN) method to be more accuratefor mill specific predictions.

HOW JAPAN FIRST BEGAN TO EXPORT MACHINE-MADE MANUFACTURES TO EAST ASIA*

Drawing on late Meiji period data, the efforts of Japan’s cotton spinning mills to overcome overseas competition and establish themselves in the Chinese, Korean and Hong Kong markets are examined. Estimating a probit model of the decision to export, it is found that despite readily available export finance and commercial networks that should have greatly lowered the costs of participating in East Asian markets, sunk entry costs still appear to have been quite large. Many otherwise capable mills apparently saw little prospect of entering tariff-less East Asian markets, notwithstanding the possibility of generous subsidies and trade association devised predatory strategies.

Studies on the Reduction of Coefficient of Variation: A Case Study

In a spinning mill, yarn is the final product. Linear density expressed in terms of count is one of the important characteristics of yarn. Because variability of textile strands increases as the linear density increases, the variability in the count is often measured in terms of coefficient of variation (CV)%. The yarn with a high CV% of count leads to a higher end breakage rate during the spinning and subsequent weaving/knitting operations, and consequently, results in lesser productivity and poorer appearance quality of the woven/knitted fabric. When this woven/knitted fabric is dyed, uneven shades are generated. Because the production of yarn involves processing of raw cotton in multimachines at multistages, possible sources that lead to a high CV% of count are many. Enrick's (1960) analysis procedure, which is based on the modification of the range method for analysis of variance, is used conventionally for detecting the stages where excessive “between-machine” differences are present. When the CV% of count is inflated due to the generation of systematic variation in any machine or introduction of high variability by any machine, this inflation remains undetected when using Enrick's procedure. The case study presented here demonstrates that a step-by-step analysis of linear densities of different stage-outputs starting from yarn to card sliver, using appropriate nested design models along with Duncan's multiple range test, is very useful in detecting all possible sources of a high CV% of count of yarn.

The End of an Era: Elk Mill 1926–1999

Elk Mill, Oldham, built 1925–1928, was the last traditional cotton spinning mill to be built in Lancashire, the last to spin cotton on mules and when it ceased operations at the end of 1998 it was one of the last cotton spinning mills still operating in Lancashire. The mill was traditional in construction with cast iron columns supporting steel girders, although the floors were of mesh reinforced concrete. Also, although spinning coarse to medium counts of yarn, it was equipped in a traditional way with spinning mules, which were still considered to provide the best way of producing the types of yarn the mill was to produce. The only non-traditional feature was the power plant; this was a steam turbine but it still drove the mill via a rope race. From the late 1950s onwards the mill was progressively modernised, enabling it to survive in operation until 1998.

The End of an Era: Elk Mill 1926–1999

Elk Mill, Oldham, built 1925–1928, was the last traditional cotton spinning mill to be built in Lancashire, the last to spin cotton on mules and when it ceased operations at the end of 1998 it was one of the last cotton spinning mills still operating in Lancashire. The mill was traditional in construction with cast iron columns supporting steel girders, although the floors were of mesh reinforced concrete. Also, although spinning coarse to medium counts of yarn, it was equipped in a traditional way with spinning mules, which were still considered to provide the best way of producing the types of yarn the mill was to produce. The only non-traditional feature was the power plant; this was a steam turbine but it still drove the mill via a rope race. From the late 1950s onwards the mill was progressively modernised, enabling it to survive in operation until 1998.

Endotoxin Exposure and Respiratory Symptoms in the Cotton Textile Industry

One hundred fourteen male employees of a cotton spinning mill in western Germany participated in a cross-sectional study, the purpose of which was to clarify the dose effect of endotoxin exposure on respiratory symptoms. Airborne endotoxin exposures were classified as low (< or = 100 endotoxin units [EU]/m3), medium (> 100-450 EU/m3), or high (> 450 EU/m3), on the basis of endotoxin activity in the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. Age- and smoking-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. The dose-response relationship between current endotoxin exposure and prevalence of wheezing (medium: OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 0.48-9.62; high: OR = 5.49, 95% CI = 1.17- 25.81) and cough (medium: OR = 2.11; 95% CI = 0.59-7.56; high: OR = 3.93; 95% CI = 1.02-15.12) was significant (test for linear trend: p values = 0.020 and 0.040, respectively). The association between exposure and wheezing was stronger among atopic workers. The higher prevalence of chest tightness and shortness of breath among workers with medium and high current endotoxin exposure did not reach statistical significance. The results suggested that there was a dose-dependent increase in bronchial symptoms, with significant effects occurring at exposures that exceeded 450 EU/m3.

Predicting Worsted Spinning Performance with an Artificial Neural Network Model

For a given fiber spun to pre-determined yarn specifications, the spinning performance of the yarn usually varies from mill to mill. For this reason, it is necessary to develop an empirical model that can encompass all known processing variables that exist in different spinning mills, and then generalize this information and be able to accurately predict yarn quality for an individual mill. This paper reports a method for predicting worsted spinning performance with an artificial neural network (ANN) trained with backpropagation. The applicability of artificial neural networks for predicting spinning performance is first evaluated against a well established prediction and benchmarking tool (Sirolan Yarnspec™). The ANN is then subsequently trained with commercial mill data to assess the feasibility of the method as a mill-specific performance prediction tool. Incorporating mill-specific data results in an improved fit to the commercial mill data set, suggesting that the proposed method has the ability to predict the spinning performance of a specific mill accurately.

Privatization/Disinvestment/Closures in Haryana—Case Study of Hansi Spinning Mill, Hansi

The paper aims at highlighting the methodology adopted in liquidation of a cooperative institution registered under the Cooperative Societies Act, 1984. It also provides an insight into the time taken, problems faced and strong will and efforts required in executing the whole exercise and bringing it to a logical end. This article seeks to identify certain important organizational and human resources related issues which need to be addressed properly in the context of the Indian economy.

Transferring the Spinning Jenny to Barcelona: An Apprenticeship in the Technology of the Industrial Revolution

The exceptional documentation which exists on the introduction of the spinning jenny in Barcelona between 1784 and 1788 has been used in this article to reconstruct the early history of Spain's first cotton spinning mill. The extent of the data available serves to provide information on the technical characteristics of the machine. Of particular interest is the information about the character of the pre-spinning processes before the adoption of the carding engine. Light is also thrown on the issue of technological transfer, shown to be a 'wide' process requiring the learning of manufacturing as well as machine-making skills.

Variance Tolerancing and Decomposition in Short-Staple Spinning Processes. Part II: Simulations and Applications to Ring and OE Spun Yarns

The variance tolerancing and decomposition method developed in Part I of this paper is applied to a large amount of fiber and yarn test data obtained from a spinning mill during a three-year period. The variabilities of single-end strengths found in six different ring spun and open-end yarns are successfully decomposed into random and processinduced variance components by tolerancing the variances of the matching fiber length and tensile properties. A total of 43,080 single-end yarn strength tests, 4,200,000 AFIS® fiber lengths, and over 70,000 Mantis® single-fiber tensile tests are performed for the required parameter estimation, simulation, and model validation. The results confirm that variance tolerancing through “effective gauge length” and other intrinsic components is effective for variance estimation and decomposition. Most significant is that the processinduced variances account for 69-82% of the total yarn strength variations, signifying the importance of and challenges in controlling and reducing process variances in spun yarn manufacturing.

Textile Mills for Twente: The Case of Beltman Versus Stott

The textile industry in Twente, in the Netherlands, has always depended heavily on Lancashire for expertise, imported machinery and yarn. To what extent this has also been true for the architectural designs will be discussed in this paper. Most of the buildings for the industry, which consisted mainly of weaving sheds, were, however, designed by local architect-entrepreneurs like G. Beltman. Only when it came to large spinning mills or integrated spinning mills with weaving-sheds, did Lancashire-based architects prove to be better qualified, and, more importantly, cheaper. Sidney Stott was one of these architects working in Twente and elsewhere on the continent, especially in Germany. With the advent of better fireproof reinforced concrete mills, their influence faded fast and they were replaced by emerging local architects like A.G. Beltman.

Textile Mills for Twente: The Case of Beltman Versus Stott

The textile industry in Twente, in the Netherlands, has always depended heavily on Lancashire for expertise, imported machinery and yarn. To what extent this has also been true for the architectural designs will be discussed in this paper. Most of the buildings for the industry, which consisted mainly of weaving sheds, were, however, designed by local architect-entrepreneurs like G. Beltman. Only when it came to large spinning mills or integrated spinning mills with weaving-sheds, did Lancashire-based architects prove to be better qualified, and, more importantly, cheaper. Sidney Stott was one of these architects working in Twente and elsewhere on the continent, especially in Germany. With the advent of better fireproof reinforced concrete mills, their influence faded fast and they were replaced by emerging local architects like A.G. Beltman.

Academic Technology and the Future of Higher Education

It may seem odd that an article concerned with the future of higher education should begin with an analysis of a technological phenomenon. pattern I am referring to is the that often separates the invention of a paradigm-altering technology from its everyday use. European history contains a number of time-lag examples, notably Gutenberg's movable type, Richard Arkwright's cotton spinning mill machine, the automobile, television, and the microprocessor. But more importantly for my interest, technology time-lags provide an opportunity to explore how academic technology policy will impact higher education in the next millennium. Arguably, micro-information technologies are proving to be powerful forces in shaping the destiny of higher education, comparable to how Gutenberg's movable type revolutionized the production and dissemination of information in Western culture. I would like to argue that current academic strategic policies largely misunderstand the potential of micro-information technologies because they operate from the assumption that technology-mediated learning constitutes a new way of teaching and learning. This premise could neither be more restrictive nor misguided. In fact, what often passes as innovative uses of instructional technologies is generally grounded in a marriage uniting eighteenth-century models of learning with nineteenth-century notions of organizational management. Neither, however, prove adequate to meet the intellectual and communication demands placed on contemporary students. In fact, every time reception-based learning migrates to a computer screen - with students memorizing information and then taking onscreen exams - three significant problems recur: (1) far more valuable and contemporary ways of learning are disregarded; (2) important student needs are not being met; and (3) colleges and universities fail to make changes that will enhance their value and well-being.(1) This article is about exploring how some new strategic paths in higher education may avoid the above problems. subtitle, borrowed from Robert Frost's poem The Road Not Taken, suggests that the future of higher education will be about strategic paths taken and not taken. poem is about having to choose between two paths, each worthy of exploration, each providing equally attractive alternatives. But unlike the path in Frost's poem, the strategic academic technology path currently being taken is not equal to a better one. Higher education is at a crossroads - one path continuing an essentially administrative approach to the management of learning, and a second, promising meaningful change by redesigning instructional technology in terms of being both a strategic and cognitive tool. Following this second path has two essential benefits: it insures that institutions change in effective ways, and it creates new strategies for deploying learning methods consistent with real world technologies and workplace needs. In exploring this second path, this article charts three areas: the first deals with higher education, consensus building, and change; the second explores changes triggered by global factors; and the third defines digital pedagogies, new ways of educating more consistent with the nature of contemporary technologies than with prior management models. purpose of this article is to provoke thought, my main point being rather simple: if American colleges and universities are to become contemporary and effective organizations, their strategic academic technology agenda should be focused on the production of intelligence rather than on the storage and recall of random and quickly outmoded information. In short, our institutions need to articulate a new mythology based upon new connections between contemporary notions of organizations, contemporary global issues, and contemporary technologies. Part I. Unpacking the Culture of Higher Education Colleges or universities are more than just their symbolic seals of enlightenment communities. …