Volleyball Spike Research Articles

Effectiveness of Distance Learning via the Internet on Performance Level of the Setting, Spiking in Volleyball

The reseach aimed to using distance learning via the Internet and monitor its effectiveness on skillful Performance level in volleyball (Setting, Spiking skill) for physical education female students. the researcher used the experimental method by the experimental design of one group using pre-post measurements, the study was conducted on a sample of (50) female students with 19.84% of the total population in the year 2016/2017, results indicated that distance learning via the Internet led to a higher level of skillful Performance under research in volleyball.

The Effect of Dynamic Balance Training Program on Some Physical Abilities and Biomechanical Variables to Enhance the Volleyball Spike Performance for Female Under-16

The Effect of Dynamic Balance Training Program on Some Physical Abilities and Biomechanical Variables to Enhance the Volleyball Spike Performance for Female Under-16

Shoulder 3D range of motion and humerus rotation in two volleyball spike techniques: injury prevention and performance

Repetitive stresses and movements on the shoulder in the volleyball spike expose this joint to overuse injuries, bringing athletes to a career threatening injury. Assuming that specific spike techniques play an important role in injury risk, we compared the kinematic of the traditional (TT) and the alternative (AT) techniques in 21 elite athletes, evaluating their safety with respect to performance. Glenohumeral joint was set as the centre of an imaginary sphere, intersected by the distal end of the humerus at different angles. Shoulder range of motion and angular velocities were calculated and compared to the joint limits. Ball speed and jump height were also assessed. Results indicated the trajectory of the humerus to be different for the TT, with maximal flexion of the shoulder reduced by 10 degrees, and horizontal abduction 15 degrees higher. No difference was found for external rotation angles, while axial rotation velocities were significantly higher in AT, with a 5% higher ball speed. Results suggest AT as a potential preventive solution to shoulder chronic pathologies, reducing shoulder flexion during spiking. The proposed method allows visualisation of risks associated with different overhead manoeuvres, by depicting humerus angles and velocities with respect to joint limits in the same 3D space.

Efeito da oclusão temporal na ação de ataque sobre a tomada de decisão defensiva na modalidade de voleibol

O presente estudo analisou o efeito da oclusão temporal na cortada do voleibol sobre a tomada de decisão defensiva em atletas com diferentes níveis de experiência. Os participantes foram divididos em três grupos: adulto (GAD; n = 16), infanto/mirim (GIM; n =16) e adulto novato (GNO; n = 16). Imagens da finalização de jogadas de ataque realizadas por quatro atletas foram editadas em cinco diferentes momentos: (OT1) a 399 ms (12 quadros) antes do contato do atacante com a bola; (OT2) a 266 ms (oito quadros) antes; (OT3) a 133 ms (quatro quadros) antes; (OT4) no momento do contato atacante/bola e; (OT5) a 133 ms (quatro quadros) após o contato do atacante com a bola. Ao assistirem os vídeos editados, os participantes deveriam informar o local de aterrissagem da bola seguido da confiança com a qual emitiam suas respostas. Foi mensurada a precisão na predição da trajetória da bola (acerto/erro) e a confiança da resposta (escala Likert 1-5). Quanto à frequência de acertos, o grupo GAD (X = 63,67 ± 10,38%) apresentou maior frequência de acertos que GIM (X = 55,46 ± 10,17%) em OT2 (p = 0,001). A frequência de acertos de GAD (X = 79,29 ± 10,38%) também foi maior que a de GNO (X = 71,87 ± 10,43%) em OT3 (p = 0,012). As condições mostraram-se diferentes entre si (Bonferroni's p < 0,005), com a frequência de acertos aumentando de OT1 (X = 36,06 ± 12,44%) à OT5 (X = 98,17 ± 4,81%). Para confiança, GAD e GIM apresentaram-se mais confiantes que GNO (Bonferroni's p < 0,016) em OT1, OT2, OT3. Novamente, as condições diferiram entre si (Bonferroni's p < 0,005), com os grupos mostrando-se mais confiantes em OT5. Concluiu-se que, independente da experiência, os grupos se mostraram capazes de predizer a localização de aterrissagem da bola. Contudo, grupos com maior experiência mostraram-se superior quanto à sua capacidade antecipatória.

Reliability of the Turning Point Core Trainer as a Measure of Shoulder Hip Separation Angle, Shoulder Angular Velocity, and Hip Angular Velocity During Volleyball Spiking Actions

Separation of the shoulders and hips is an important contributor for rotational sports such as baseball and golf. Most recent has utilized Motion Capture technology. A new instrument has been developed as a tool to measure separation angle and can also be used to train the core musculature. The primary aim of the current study was to examine the reliability of shoulder hip separation angle (SHSA), shoulder angular velocity (SAV), and hip angular velocity (HAV) as measured using the Turning Point Core Trainer (TP) during volleyball spiking actions. Voluntary participants included 14 collegiate, Division I, female volleyball players from the University of Utah, ranging from 18-30 years of age. Participants completed 10 volleyball spike actions will fastened to the TP. SHSA was calculated at the height of the back swing. Participants were asked to provide maximal velocity during the forward phase thus providing SAV and HAV. Analysis for reliability demonstrated high Cronbach’s alpha coefficients across the 10 SHSA, SAV, and HAV (a =.98; a =.91; a =.94), respectively, indicating excellent internal consistency reliability for the TP. Follow-up research should examine whether or not training female outside hitters to increase SHSA at the top of the back swing, will increase SBV during either DL or DAC spikes. The TP measure of-axial rotation during spiking the internal consistency of the measures was high.

Joint Kinematics of Surgeons during Lumbar Pedicle Screw Placement

Introduction Robotic spine surgery has been developed to improve spine surgery, especially the placement of pedicle screws recently. There have been no basic studies regarding the changes in joint angles and kinematics of surgeons during pedicle screw fixation. Understanding kinematics and joint movements of the surgeon during the placement of pedicle screws is essential to create an effective robot suitable for spinal surgery. The objective of this study is to assess the joint kinematics of the surgeon during the insertion of lumbar pedicle screws. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study. We enrolled 18 experienced spine surgeons in this study, who each performed lumbar pedicle screw placement using a spine surgery simulator at the spinal level L3/4. To assess the movements of the surgeons, we used an optoelectronic motion analysis system with 16 cameras. A total of 20 markers were placed from the cervical spine to the pelvis (12 markers; C2, C4, C7, T6, L1, L3, PSIS x 2, ASIS x 2, Sacrum × 2), on both shoulders (2 markers; acromion), the right elbow (1 marker; olecranon), the right wrist (2 markers; ulna and radius styloid process), and the screw driver (3 markers; proximal handle × 1 and distal handle × 2). Using 3-dimentional motion images, distance changes in 5 joints (αB, body; αS, shoulder; αE, elbow; αW, wrist; and αI, instrument), and angle changes in 6 joints (αB, body; αS, shoulder; αE, elbow; αW, wrist; αI, instrument; and αP, pedicle) regarding X-, Y-, and Z-axes were calculated during pedicle screw placement. The distance and angle changes were measured at 8 setting points (L3/4 x Right/Left x Start/End) during pedicle screw placement and compared between joints. Results Whole joint distances and angles differed significantly according to setting points during pedicle screw placement. Fluctuations in distance increased gradually from the proximal joint (αB) to distal joint (αI; instrument) and the largest change was noted along the X-axis. Angle fluctuations were largest at the distal point (αP, pedicle) but did not gradually increase and the αE (elbow) showed the second largest fluctuation. Changes along the X-axis change were larger than those of the Y- and Z-axes. Conclusion The distances moved by whole joints gradually increased from proximal portions of the body to the hand, but in terms of angle changes, the elbow joint was the most dynamic during lumbar pedicle screw placement. Whole joints of surgeons carry out harmonic role during lumbar pedicle screw placement. Disclosure of Interest J. Y. Park: Conflict with Technology Innovation Program (10040097) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea (MOTIE, Korea) S. U. Kuh: None declared Y. E. Cho: Conflict with Technology Innovation Program (10040097) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea (MOTIE, Korea) References Kosmopoulos V, Schizas C. Pedicle screw placement accuracy: a meta-analysis. Spine 2007;32(3):E111-E120 Marcus HJ, Cundy TP, Nandi D, Yang GZ, Darzi A. Robot-assisted and fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw placement: a systematic review. Eur Spine J 2014;23(2):291–297 Lieberman IH, Togawa D, Kayanja MM, et al. Bone-mounted miniature robotic guidance for pedicle screw and translaminar facet screw placement: Part I—Technical development and a test case result. Neurosurgery 2006;59(3):641-650, discussion 641–650 Devito DP, Kaplan L, Dietl R, et al. Clinical acceptance and accuracy assessment of spinal implants guided with SpineAssist surgical robot: retrospective study. Spine 2010;35(24):2109–2115 Kantelhardt SR, Martinez R, Baerwinkel S, Burger R, Giese A, Rohde V. 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Electromyographic and kinematic analysis of the shoulder during four activities of daily living in men with C6 tetraplegia. J Rehabil Res Dev 2PO.130;37(4):423–432 Wagner H, Tilp M, von Duvillard SP, Mueller E. Kinematic analysis of volleyball spike jump. Int J Sports Med 2009;30(10):760–765 Vickers DR, Palk C, McIntosh AS, Beatty KT. Elderly unilateral transtibial amputee gait on an inclined walkway: a biomechanical analysis. Gait Posture 2008;27(3):518–529 Abu-Faraj ZO, Harris GF, Smith PA. Surgical rehabilitation of the planovalgus foot in cerebral palsy. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2001;9(2):202-214 PubMed Perry J. Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder in throwing, swimming, gymnastics, and tennis. Clin Sports Med 1983;2(2):247–270

Relation between Contact Position of Volleyball Spike Serve and a Ball's Trajectory

Relation between Contact Position of Volleyball Spike Serve and a Ball's Trajectory

A Study of Key Technical Factors of Volleyball Spike Based on the Biomechanical Analysis

A Study of Key Technical Factors of Volleyball Spike Based on the Biomechanical Analysis

Upper‐body kinematics in team‐handball throw, tennis serve, and volleyball spike

Overarm movements are essential skills in many different sport games; however, the adaptations to different sports are not well understood. The aim of the study was to analyze upper-body kinematics in the team-handball throw, tennis serve, and volleyball spike, and to calculate differences in the proximal-to-distal sequencing and joint movements. Three-dimensional kinematic data were analyzed via the Vicon motion capturing system. The subjects (elite players) were instructed to perform a team-handball jump throw, tennis serve, and volleyball spike with a maximal ball velocity and to hit a specific target. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the three overarm movements were found in 17 of 24 variables. The order of the proximal-to-distal sequencing was equal in the three analyzed overarm movements. Equal order of the proximal-to-distal sequencing and similar angles in the acceleration phase suggest there is a general motor pattern in overarm movements. However, overarm movements appear to be modifiable in situations such as for throwing or hitting a ball with or without a racket, and due to differences at takeoff (with one or two legs).

Comparison of Upper Arm Kinematics During a Volleyball Spike Between Players With and Without a History of Shoulder Injury

Volleyball players are at high risk of overuse shoulder injuries, with spike biomechanics a perceived risk factor. This study compared spike kinematics between elite male volleyball players with and without a history of shoulder injuries. Height, mass, maximum jump height, passive shoulder rotation range of motion (ROM), and active trunk ROM were collected on elite players with (13) and without (11) shoulder injury history and were compared using independent samples t tests (P < .05). The average of spike kinematics at impact and range 0.1 s before and after impact during down-the-line and cross-court spike types were compared using linear mixed models in SPSS (P < .01). No differences were detected between the injured and uninjured groups. Thoracic rotation and shoulder abduction at impact and range of shoulder rotation velocity differed between spike types. The ability to tolerate the differing demands of the spike types could be used as return-to-play criteria for injured athletes.

Biomechanics Simulation of Volleyball Player in Jumping Spike

Sports biomechanics is able to identify the variables that aim to define some or all aspects of a performance and then provide useful information for teachers or coaches to improve players' performance. The purpose of the study was to identify the crucial variables that contribute to a successful volleyball spike jump performance by using biomechanical analysis, in order to help teachers improve the jump performance of their students, these investigations allow teachers to observe student performance more systematically and also help them provide the right information at the right time and in an easily understood format.

The Effect of Approach on Spike Jump Height for Female Volleyball Players

The purpose of the study was to compare vertical jump height using a four-step approach volleyball spike jump (VBSJ) and a standing counter-movement jump (CMJ) for competitive female volleyball players. Ten NCAA Division I female volleyball players were recruited. Each participant performed jumps using two techniques: a four-step approach VBSJ and a standing CMJ. Mean jump height for the VBSJ (0.38 ± 0.06 m) was significantly greater than the CMJ (0.33 ± 0.05 m). No correlation between jump height and horizontal center of mass (CoM) velocity during the VBSJ approach was found. The results indicate that a four-step approach benefits jump height for elite female volleyball players. However, approach velocity is not a determining factor that makes a four-step approach more beneficial. Other characteristics, such as improved force development and power production may better explain the benefit of the VBSJ approach for female volleyball players.

EEG changes during sequences of visual and kinesthetic motor imagery

The evoked cerebral electric response when sequences of complex motor imagery (MI) task are executed several times is still unclear. This work aims at investigating the existence of habituation in the cortical response, more specifically in the alpha band peak of parietal and occipital areas (10-20 international system electroencephalogram, EEG, protocol). The EEG signals were acquired during sequences of MI of volleyball spike movement in kinesthetic and visual modalities and also at control condition. Thirty right-handed male subjects (18 to 40 years) were assigned to either an 'athlete' or a 'non-athlete' group, both containing 15 volunteers. Paired Wilcoxon tests (with alpha=0.05) indicates that sequential MI of complex tasks promotes cortical changes, mainly in the power vicinity of the alpha peak. This finding is more pronounced along the initial trials and also for the athletes during the modality of kinesthetic motor imagery.

A study on a volleyball spiking approach

A study on a volleyball spiking approach

Is it Important to Keep the Gaze on the Ball?: Gaze Control Strategy of Receiver by Volleyball Spike and Ordinary Serve

Is it Important to Keep the Gaze on the Ball?: Gaze Control Strategy of Receiver by Volleyball Spike and Ordinary Serve

Kinematic Analysis of Volleyball Spike Jump

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of upper and lower extremity movements on the volleyball spike jump (SJ) and how this movement may differ from the standing vertical jumps due to its asymmetry. The 3-D kinematics of body segments were measured in 16 experienced volleyball players with a VICON motion capture system. The jump heights (JH) of counter-movement (CM) and SJ were determined utilizing a force platform. A significant correlation was found between the JH during the SPJ and the maximal horizontal velocity of the center of mass (CoM) (r=0.71, p=0.002), the minimum height of the CoM (r=-0.68, p=0.004), the JH during CMJ (r=0.66, p=0.006) and SJ (r=0.74, p=0.001), the range of movement of right knee flexion-extension (r=0.76, p=0.001) and the angular velocity of left shoulder hyperextension (r=0.72, p=0.002). The asymmetry of the SJ revealed differences in angles, angular velocities of the right and left legs and arms, and a significant difference (p=0.001) between the distances of the left and right foot center to the CoM. Results of our study suggest the importance of optimal approach technique to reach a maximal JH in the volleyball SJ. The SJ movement is influenced by general jumping ability.

The effects of jumping distance on the landing mechanics after a volleyball spike

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of jumping distance on the landing mechanics after a volleyball spike, to help in injury prevention and training for safer landing. Ground reaction forces and three-dimensional kinematic data were collected from six male university right-handed volleyball players under “Normal” and “Long” jumping distance conditions of landing after a spike. The results revealed that the landings under the Long jumping distance condition produced significantly greater centre of gravity velocities and larger mean loading rates. Although data were collected for bilateral landings with the two feet contacting the force platform at the same time, landing motion was asymmetric and the left leg was considered to play a more critical role in the absorption of the landing impact. The trunk and hip positions at the initial contact with the floor and the range of motions of the knee and ankle were key kinematic parameters for reducing the vertical peak ground reaction forces and extending the time from the initial contact to the occurrence of this peak force, which consequently reduced the mean loading rate upon landing.

Differences in 3D kinematics between volleyball and beach volleyball spike movements

The purpose of this study was to identify differences between volleyball and beach volleyball spike jump movements performed on an indoor surface and sand surface respectively. Eight elite male volleyball players performed spike jump movements on both surfaces. An eight-camera motion capturing system (250 Hz) was used to generate 3D kinematic data. Seven groups of variables representing the kinematics of the centre of mass, the countermovement, the approach phase, and the angular amplitudes and maximal velocities of the lower and upper limbs were examined using Hotelling's . Significant differences were observed in the movement of the centre of mass (P < 0.05), the countermovement, the kinematics of the approach phase, and the angular amplitudes of the lower limbs. However, no significant differences were observed either in the maximal angular velocities of the lower and upper limbs, or in the amplitudes of the upper limb motion. In conclusion, the participants showed significant adaptation to changed movement conditions. As a result of the compliance of the sand surface, the participants slowed down their movements, especially during the phase of transition from knee flexion to extension and during the extension phase. Furthermore, the participants demonstrated changes in foot position to reach the greatest height possible.

The Influence of Resting Period Length on Jumping Performance

The purpose of this study was to determine a resting interval between countermovement jumps (i.e., volleyball spikes) that allows the maintenance of maximal jumping performance. Ten male volleyball players (1.85 +/- 0.05 m, 77.2 +/- 10.6 kg, 21.6 +/- 5.3 years) performed 6 experimental jumping sessions. In the first and sixth sessions, maximal countermovement jump height was measured, followed by submaximal countermovement jumps to the point of volitional fatigue. The number of countermovement jumps was used as a reference to test the effect of rest period between volleyball spikes. From the second to fifth experimental sessions, 30 maximal volleyball spikes were performed with different resting periods (i.e., 8, 14, 17, and 20 seconds) followed by countermovement jumps. Between the 15th and 30th spikes, the blood lactate concentration and heart rate were measured. Because the performance on the first and sixth sessions was the same, no training effects were noticed. During the 8-second resting interval set, the lactate concentration increased significantly between the 15th and 30th spikes (i.e., from 3.37 +/- 1.16 mmol to 4.94 +/- 1.49 mmol); the number of countermovement jumps decreased significantly after spikes compared to those performed without a previous effort (i.e., from 23 +/- 7 jumps to 17 +/- 9 jumps); and these variables were significantly correlated (r = -0.7). On the other hand, the lactate concentration and number of countermovement jumps were stable across the other resting intervals, without a heart rate steady state. The results indicate that an adequate resting period between spikes allowed participants to achieve a lactate steady state in which the performance was maintained during the exercise. These findings show that resting intervals between 14 and 17 seconds, typical during volleyball matches, are indicated to use in volleyball spike drills due to their capacity to maintain maximal jumping performance.

Augmented Feedback Reduces Ground Reaction Forces in the Landing Phase of the Volleyball Spike Jump

Frequency and magnitude of ground reaction forces (GRF) have been implicated in causing injuries such as "jumpers knee." To investigate whether a single session of augmented feedback concerning landing technique would decrease GRF. Pretest posttest experimental design. University biomechanics laboratory. Fifteen female Division 1 intercollegiate volleyball players. Participants were required to land on a force platform after spiking a volleyball from a four-step approach before and after an intervention involving visual and aural augmented feedback on correct jumping and landing technique. Mediolateral (ML), anterioposterior (AP), and vertical (V) GRF normalized to body weight (BW). Augmented feedback was found to significantly (P = 0.01) decrease VGRF by 23.6% but not ML (25%, P = 0.16) and AP (4.9%, P = 0.40) peak GRF. A single session of augmented feedback may be effective in reducing VGRF in collegiate athletes.