Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Research Articles

Evaluation of the Effect of Group Hope Therapy on Reducing Anxiety and Adherence to Treatment in Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Anxiety and non-compliance with treatment endanger the health of hemodialysis patients. Hope therapy focuses on human abilities and capabilities instead of weaknesses using a positive psychology approach. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of group hope therapy (GHT) on reducing anxiety and adherence to treatment (ATT) in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test on 40 patients undergoing hemodialysis as consecutive non-probability sampling from among the clients of two hemodialysis centers in Khorram Abad, Iran, in 2017. Primary data of the study was collected using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD-AQ) in four stages, including before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, one and three months after the intervention. Hope therapy intervention was implemented in groups of five people for eight sessions (one session per week and each session for 60 minutes) by the researcher and with the supervision and approval of a psychiatrist and a clinical psychologist. The data were analyzed in the SPSS software version 21 at the significance level (α = 0.05). In addition, Cronbach’s alpha test was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaires. Results: There was a significant difference in the mean scores of anxiety and ATT between the two stages “before the intervention" and “immediately after the intervention" (P < 0.05). In addition, there was no significant compliance with the treatment between the two stages “immediately after the intervention" and “three months after the intervention" (P < 0.05), while the average scores of Overt and covert anxiety were significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results, GHT effectively reduces overt and hidden anxiety and increases ATT in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, these results can help plan care for hemodialysis patients. Counseling sessions related to GHT should be offered for consecutive periods in educational and treatment centers by people with experience and training in working with hemodialysis patients.

Investigating associations between maternal stress, smoking and adverse birth outcomes: evidence from the All Our Families cohort

BackgroundIndependently, active maternal and environmental tobacco smoke exposure and maternal stress have been linked to an increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. An understudied relationship is the potential for interactive effects between these risk factors.MethodsData was obtained from the All Our Families cohort, a study of 3,388 pregnant women < 25 weeks gestation recruited from those receiving prenatal care in Calgary, Canada between May 2008 and December 2010. We investigated the joint effects of active maternal smoking, total smoke exposure (active maternal smoking plus environmental tobacco smoke) and prenatal stress (Perceived Stress Scale, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), measured at two time points (< 25 weeks and 34–36 weeks gestation), on preterm birth and low birth weight.ResultsA marginally significant association was observed with the interaction active maternal smoking and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores in relation to low birth weight, after imputation (aOR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.00-1.03, p = 0.06). No significant joint effects of maternal stress and either active maternal smoking or total smoke exposure with preterm birth were observed. Active maternal smoking, total smoke exposure, Perceived Stress Scores, and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores were independently associated with preterm birth and/or low birth weight.ConclusionsFindings indicate the role of independent effects of smoking and stress in terms of preterm birth and low birthweight. However, the etiology of preterm birth and low birth weight is complex and multifactorial. Further investigations of potential interactive effects may be useful in helping to identify women experiencing vulnerability and inform the development of targeted interventions.

Efficacy of increasing levels of exposure therapy in the treatment of maladaptive behaviors and anxiety.

The present study examined the effectiveness of increasing levels of exposure therapy, which is applied for the treatment of maladaptive behaviors and anxiety. A total of 16 sessions were applied to the study group in the experimental group three times a week for 10 weeks. Patients aged ≥18 years whom the referring clinician evaluated as meeting the criteria for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-V-TR) Generalized Anxiety Disorder were included in the study. For the control group, demographic characteristics and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were applied in the first session, followed by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory as a post-test and follow-up. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of the study group were obtained at the cortical level. Electrodes for EEG measurements were recorded using the International 10/20 Electrode Placement System. EEG data were obtained using the EEG Analysis Program software. Following the data collection phase, all data were entered into cells based on items using SPSS 25 software. When the findings obtained in the study were examined, it was determined that the increasing levels of exposure and behavioral therapy applied for maladaptive anxiety decreased the anxiety levels compared to those before therapy. This finding can be interpreted as that the cortical function-oriented application method for anxiety effectively reduced the anxiety levels of the study group. However, EEG asymmetry revealed a change in the data before and after the application. These findings demonstrate that the application affects the EEG asymmetry changes at the cortical level.

Evaluation of maternal anxiety and depression levels in pregnancies with fetal anomalies

Aim: This study aimed to document depression and anxiety levels in pregnant women with intrauterine fetal anomalies based on objective measurement inventories, raise awareness of this issue and provide the necessary support to patients. &#x0D; Materials and Method: Forty pregnant women between the ages of 18-41 who were diagnosed with a major fetal anomaly, and decided their pregnancy to continue were included in the study group. Forty pregnant women with a healthy fetus and gestational week and maternal age matched with the study group were included as the control group. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were applied to pregnant women.&#x0D; Results: Anxiety and depression levels were compared between pregnant women diagnosed with an intrauterine fetal anomaly and the control group. The mean BDI score was significantly higher in the study group (P=0.008). In the STAI scoring, the mean state anxiety level (P0.001) and the mean trait anxiety score (P=0.001) were found to be statistically higher in the study group compared to the control group. &#x0D; Conclusion: The depressive symptom scores and the state and trait anxiety levels of pregnant women with the intrauterine fetal anomaly, increased compared to the healthy pregnant women. These pregnant women should be provided with professional psychological support and necessary medical assistance during this difficult period.

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ТИПА ТЕМПЕРАМЕНТА С ОСОБЕННОСТЯМИ ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ У ЖЕНЩИН С ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНОГО ТРАКТА

The topicality of the research is confirmed by data showing a high incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in the Russian Federation in comparison with other European countries. Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disease have been reported by clinicians to be emotionally unstable during disease exacerbations. This article presents a study of the relationship between psycho-emotional states and individual typological characteristics in women of different ages with GI disease. Levels of indicators of anxiety and depression in women with GI disease were investigated. The purpose of the study was to determine the peculiarities of anxiety and depression levels in women with GI diseases in relation to temperament type and age; using correlation analysis, to determine the relationship between neuroticism and emotional state, temperament type, and levels of anxiety and depression in the study participants. The study involved 28 women with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, aged 42 to 72 years. The Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used in the research. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that most women with gastrointestinal disorders have an introverted personality type with high neuroticism. It was found that women with a melancholic temperament type had the highest scores on the Personality Anxiety Scale and on the Cognitive-Affective Manifestations of Depression subscale and the General Depression Scale, whereas women with a sanguine temperament type had the lowest scores for all indicators. The results of the study may be of practical importance in providing psychological support to women with gastrointestinal diseases in hospital, taking into account their individual typological characteristics and emotional state.

Is Less More? Reevaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Sense of Coherence-13 and a Revised Seven-Item Version in South Africa Using Classical Theory and Item Response Theory

Studies on the dimensionality and factor structure of the Sense of Coherence-13 (SOC-13) scale have produced inconsistent results, and there is a need for comprehensive psychometric testing of the scale in different populations and using diverse methodologies. SOC refers to the individual’s ability to perceive life as comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful. The current study investigated the dimensionality of the SOC-13 through the use of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), ancillary bifactor indices and item response theory in a sample of young adults in South Africa. Participants were students (n = 322) who completed the SOC-13, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and short forms of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the trait scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. CFA indicated the best fit for a one-factor model, but the problematic parameter estimates raise concerns about the construct validity of the scale. Non-parametric item response theory (Mokken scale analysis [MSA]) identified limitations in the original 13-item version, suggesting a more dependable seven-item version (SOC-7). This revised scale exhibited strong psychometric characteristics and was consistent with the theoretical foundations that underpin the construct. We verified the unidimensional structure of the SOC with the more stringent parametric item-response theory (Rasch analysis) which confirmed that the seven-item SOC is unidimensional. Rasch analysis confirmed the measurement invariance of the SOC-13 in terms of gender and area of residence. The study suggests that a shorter seven-item version consisting of items from the three components of sense of coherence has comparative properties to the 13-item version but the evidence does not provide support for the use of the SOC-13 as a multidimensional measure. Research in the area of sense of coherence would benefit from further validation studies of both the original SOC-13 and the revised SOC-7, especially across populations and settings.

Improving the Patient Experience During Care in the Orthopedic Cast Room.

Patients regularly have casts, splints, and wounds that require attention in the clinic. Patients commonly experience anxiety and pain during such visits. We hypothesized that aromatherapy and music would improve these patients' pain and anxiety when compared with no exposure. Patients in the orthopedic cast room were randomly exposed to no experience, music, or aromatherapy. Postprocedural surveys using an abbreviated form of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (5 items; 4-point Likert scale) and a visual analog scale (0 to 10) were used to collect patient perceptions that were then compared using Spearman rank correlation calculations, t tests, and ordinal regression. Correlation results for the anxiety inventory were not different for patients with music or aromatherapy exposure vs no exposure; however, lower anxiety inventory scores were correlated with lower pain scores for upset, frightened, nervous, and confused measures. Mean reported pain scores were statistically lower for patients exposed to music (3.0) or aromatherapy (3.9) compared with patients who had no exposure (5.1; P=.004). These results support our hypothesis that exposure to music or aromatherapy improves pain. Although neither music nor aromatherapy resulted in significantly lower scores on the anxiety inventory items, the attention to patients' pain could have an indirect effect on their anxiety. [Orthopedics. 2024;47(2):e90-e92.].

Satisfied with Life? The Protective Function of Life Satisfaction in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Negative Mental Health Outcomes.

Life satisfaction is a key index of well-being, yet few studies have examined its role as a protective factor in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study expands the research in this area through an examination of the role of life satisfaction in the relationship between perceived stress and negative indices of mental health. Participants were university students (N = 322) who completed the Perceived Stress Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and short forms of the trait scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Center for Epidemiological Depression Scale, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The results indicate that life satisfaction had a health-sustaining effect on indices of well-being. It also moderated the relationship between perceived stress, on the one hand, and anxiety and hopelessness, on the other hand. Further, life satisfaction played a partial mediating role in the relationship between perceived stress and indices of mental health. The findings suggest that life satisfaction could be a protective factor in the context of stressful life events. Cultivating life satisfaction through mindfulness training and the enhancement of gratitude could potentially sustain mental health.

Effect of Foot Reflexology on Anxiety Levels among Patients to Receive Cardiac İmplantable Electronic Devices: A Randomised Controlled Study

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot reflexology, a complementary and supportive method on anxiety in patients scheduled to receive cardiac implantable electronic devices. This randomised controlled study was conducted between April 2022 and October 2022 at the cardiology clinic of a university health research and application centre in Turkey. The study was conducted with 64 patients—32 in the experimental and 32 in the control group. Data were collected using a patient information form and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). A significance level of p &lt; 0.05 was accepted. The results showed that the mean scores of the State Anxiety Inventory were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group, and the mean scores of the Trait Anxiety Inventory were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (both p &lt; 0.001). These findings indicate that the intervention in the experimental group led to a significant decrease in anxiety levels. This study demonstrated that foot reflexology significantly affected anxiety in patients planning for cardiac implantable electronic devices. The participants in the experimental group had significantly higher state anxiety levels than those in the control group after the intervention, but their trait anxiety levels were significantly lower than those in the control group after the reflexology application.

SPECIAL ISSUE: Differentiating Successful from Less Successful Males and Females in a Group Relaxation/Biofeedback Stress Management Program

Managing stress in the post-COVID world requires a program that can efficaciously and cost-effectively address a large number of people who have differing experiences and needs and can also be adapted for internet presentation. The purpose of this paper is to share observations, collected over more than forty years, of group stress management training in university and community settings. The specific data reported are from a subgroup that is representative of the other groups. An in-person group stress-management program of 141 adults in community clinics with approximately 15 to 20 per group attended 10 training sessions across 5 weeks with pre-post personality measures. The group also documented 5 weeks of home practice, symptoms, and medication use. The average group improvement in well-being was 80%, following training in breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, visualization, quieting response, and alphagenics, with individual temperature biofeedback having been provided during the last 5 classes. A pre- to post-two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) trait anxiety and Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) neuroticism significantly decreased. EPI extraversion increased only in females. Males and females equally preferred autogenic training (55%). The most successful males and females were older, practiced more, reported greater increases in self-confidence, and attributed more of their success to the group and/or instructor. The success of a program may also be associated with excellent home practice compliance, being a part of a group, and increases in self-confidence/efficacy.

Determination of dental anxiety levels in dental faculty students

Aim: Dental education is considered a highly stressful time consisting of a series of courses and practical programs aimed at developing interpersonal skills, learning the theoretical foundations of professional practices, and acquiring clinical skills. The aim of this study was to determine and comparatively examine preclinical and clinical students’ dental anxiety levels. Methodology: The study included third- and fourth-year students in the Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry. The students were asked to complete questionnaire forms, including the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (C-DAS), to determine their anxiety levels. Gender, age, and academic year were recorded. The significance level was set at p &lt; 0.050. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in the median STAI-S, STAI-T, and C-DAS values between classes. A statistically significant correlation was found between the STAI-S, STAI-T, and C-DAS values. The C-DAS values of third-year female students were higher than those of male students. No difference was observed between the genders among fourth-year students. Conclusion: Neither preclinical nor clinical students exhibited high dental anxiety, and no differences were detected between classes. We believe that this result is associated with increases in education and acquired experience. How to cite this article: Sarıbaş E. Determination of dental anxiety levels in dental faculty students. Int Dent Res 2023;13(2):90-98. https://doi.org/10.5577/idr.2023.vol13.no2.7 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Prevalence of preoperative anxiety among hospitalized patients in a developing country: a study of associated factors

BackgroundPreoperative anxiety is a health concern among patients scheduled for surgical interventions. Little is known about the prevalence of preoperative anxiety among patients in different healthcare systems of developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of preoperative anxiety among patients undergoing surgery in Palestine. Another objective was to identify the factors associated with preoperative anxiety.MethodsThis study was conducted in a cross-sectional descriptive design. Patients scheduled for surgical interventions were interviewed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire collected the demographic, clinical, and surgical variables of the patients. The questionnaire also contained the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale (APAIS), and a short version of the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAIS-5/STAIT-5).ResultA total of 280 patients were included. The mean APAIS total score was 13.6 ± 5.9, the mean APAIS anxiety domain score was 8.3 ± 4.3, and the mean APAIS need for information domain was 1.6 ± 0.50. Of the patients, 76 (27.1%) had high anxiety and 160 (57.1%) expressed a high need for information. The higher APAIS anxiety scores were predicted by being female, having chronic diseases, being scheduled to be operated on within 24 h, and having experienced surgical complications. The mean STAIS-5 score was 10.0 ± 4.2 and the mean STAIT-5 was 10.3 ± 3.8. Of the patients, 140 (50.0%) had high state anxiety and 56 (20.0%) had high trait anxiety. Higher STAIS-5 scores were predicted by being female, younger than 42 years, and scheduled to be operated on within 24 h. Higher STAIT-5 scores were predicted by being female. A positive correlation was identified between APAIS total, APAIS anxiety, APAIS need for information, STAIS-5, and STAIT-5 scores.ConclusionPreoperative anxiety was prevalent among patients scheduled for surgical operations in Palestinian hospitals. Anesthesiologists and other providers of perioperative care should screen preoperative patients who are female, have chronic diseases, are scheduled to be operated on within 24 h, and having had experienced surgical complications for preoperative anxiety. More studies are still needed to investigate the effects of the implemented measures on the prevalence of preoperative anxiety.

Comorbid disorders and therapy of persistent postural perceptual dizziness

Persistent postural perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is the most common cause of vague chronic vertigo and severely limits patients' quality of life.Limited data are available on comorbidities, the typical treatment of patients with PPPD, and the efficacy of combination therapy for PPPD.Objective: to identify comorbid disorders and evaluate the efficacy of complex therapy in patients with PPPD.Material and methods. Sixty patients (mean age 42.5±13.8 years) with PPPD were studied. All patients were prescribed complex treatment that included antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), vestibular exercises, and an educational program. In 28 patients, Arlevert (combination of cinnarizine 20 mg + dimenhydrinate 40 mg) was used as drug therapy. A clinical otoneurologic examination, videonystagmography, assessments by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and otoneurologic examination were performed at baseline and at the end of treatment (mean, one month).Results. All patients had previous misdiagnoses, among which vertebrobasilar insufficiency and chronic cerebral ischemia predominated. Thirty two (53.33%) patients with PPPD had anxiety-depressive disorders (ADD) as the main comorbidity, 20 (33.33%) patients had migraine, 8 (13.33%) patients had previously had peripheral vestibular disorders that were not diagnosed. The severity of dizziness according to the otoneurological questionnaire and the DHI decreased after one month of therapy in the group with PPPD and ADD from 44.00±16.80 to 29.6±12.80 points (p&lt;0.001), in the group with PPPD and peripheral vestibular disorders – from 49.20±14.04 to 31.60±17.69 points (p&lt;0.001), in the group with PPPD and migraine – from 43.58±16.28 to 28.50±7.20 points (p&lt;0.001). The severity of anxiety and depression according to BAI decreased in the group with PPPD and ADD from 30.00±6.99 to 16.12±4.16 points (p&lt;0.001), in the group with PPPD and peripheral vestibular disorders – from 28.40±8.35 to 16.60±4.62 points (p&lt;0.001), in the group with PPPD and migraine – from 24.11±3.80 to 14.26±3.43 points (p&lt;0.001). The severity of depression according to BDI decreased in the group with PPPD and ADD from 9.62±5.26 to 6.25±3.20 points (p&lt;0.001), in the group with PPPD and peripheral vestibular disorders – from 14.80±8.26 to 8.40±5.37 points (p&lt;0.001), in the group with PPPD and migraine – from 11.32±5.10 to 6.53±3.44 points (p&lt;0.001). The severity of anxiety according to HADS decreased in the group with PPPD and ADD from 13.75±3.20 to 9.25±2.43 points (p&lt;0.001), in the group with PPPD and peripheral vestibular disorders – from 12.40±5.77 to 7.80±3.83 points (p&lt;0.001), in the group with PPPD and migraine – from 14.26±3.16 to 8.74±2.18 points (p&lt;0.001).The severity of depression according to HADS decreased in the group with PPPD and ADD from 4.88±4.12 to 3.88±3.09 points (p&lt;0.001), in the group with PPPD and peripheral vestibular disorders – from 8.40±3.58 to 5.60±2.88 points (p&lt;0.001), in the group with PPPD and migraine – from 5.74±3.11 to 3.47±2.32 points (p&lt;0.001). Situational anxiety according to STAI decreased in the group with PPPD and ADD from 47.62±6.57 to 40.12±3.68 points (p&lt;0.001), in the group with PPPD and peripheral vestibular disorders – from 58.20±7.85 to 48.00±7.65 points (p&lt;0.001), in the group with PPPD and migraine – from 46.26±7.01 to 35.68±5.11 points (p&lt;0.001). Personal anxiety according to STAI decreased in the group with PPPD and ADD from 52.25±10.73 to 42.12±7.06 points (p&lt;0.001), in the group with PPPD and peripheral vestibular disorders – from 58.40±5.64 to 48.60±6.77 points (p&lt;0.001), in the group with PPPD and migraine – from 53.32±8.78 to 40.63±5.60 points (p&lt;0.001).Conclusion. Patients with PPPD are often misdiagnosed with cerebrovascular disease. The most common comorbid disorders in PPPD are anxiety disorders and migraine, and less commonly peripheral vestibular disorders. An integrated approach to the management of patients with PPPD, including treatment of comorbid disorders, is effective.

Procedure videos to support rare clinical procedures in acute cardiac nursing, an implementation evaluation

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Central Coast Local Health District Research Grant. Background Cardiology procedures are often lifesaving and time-critical, but some are so infrequent that nurses may have rarely encountered them in practice. Videos demonstrating rare procedures can potentially support clinicians performing rare clinical procedures. We evaluated using locally created nursing clinical procedure videos as an adjunct to traditional written procedures. Purposes This study evaluated the implementation of 7 newly created clinical procedure videos on temporary cardiac pacing (n=3), non-invasive ventilation (NIV) (n=2) and pericardiocentesis (n=2). Methods A pre/ post -implementation Survey based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), Clinical Reasoning Cycle and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was distributed via email and Facebook groups to over 500 eligible nurses in the implementation sites. In addition, data from the hosting platform Vimeo for the implementation period and procedure numbers (15 October 2020 to 15 March 2021) were analysed. Results 122 respondents, 86% female, viewed the videos, mean age of 40.75 years (20 to 71 years). The most common procedure during the implementation period was NIV (n=170), followed by Pericardiocentesis (n=7) and Temporary Cardiac Pacing (n=5). The total number of video views over the 6 months was 598, temporary pacing-preparation (n=152), NIV Mask why and when (n=137), NIV Set up and Patient Care (n=89), Pacing: Procedure (n=62), Cardiac Tamponade (n=52), Pacing: Threshold testing and Pericardiocentesis Procedure (n=51 each). Participants agreed /strongly agreed that video procedures increased their recall (93.8%), made learning a better experience (98.3%), and was time-saving (88.0%) (Figure 2). Participants preferred videos to be an adjunct to existing written procedures and not a replacement (78%). Major themes from qualitative feedback included participants describing them as "clear and easy to understand" and the benefits of videos for rare procedures "Rarely seen in ED easy to follow and fast refresher when the procedure is time critical". Prior to implementation, the mean score for state anxiety before a rare procedure was 41.43 (SD= 9.307) with scores over 40 indicating clinically significant levels of anxiety. Older age and a higher number of years in the role were significantly correlated with lower anxiety levels (r = -0.144 p = .037; and r = 0.532 p = .000) perceived anxiety related to rare procedures did not significantly change from pre- to post-implementation. Conclusion Clinical procedure videos at the point of care are acceptable and valued. Findings suggest videos are a useful adjunct to written procedures for time-critical or rare procedures.Figure 2:Experience with video.

Psycho-emotional status in patients with endometriosis-associated pain syndrome in various disease phenotypes

BACKGROUND: Patients with endometriosis-associated pain syndrome in combination with anxiety or depression have lower treatment effectiveness and satisfaction with both the disease itself and the pain syndrome compared to patients with pain syndrome but without depression or anxiety.&#x0D; AIM: The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between psychosocial status and endometriosis-associated pain syndrome in patients with different phenotypes of endometriosis using pain assessment scales, psychosocial state assessment scales, and quality of life assessment scales.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 81 patients using a number of questionnaires: Visual Analogue Scale, Numeric Rating Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Scale, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Short Form-36 quality of life assessment. The patients were divided into three groups: isolated adenomyosis (n = 39), adenomyosis combined with external genital endometriosis (n = 21), and the control group (n = 21).&#x0D; RESULTS: Our study has shown that patients with adenomyosis combined with external genital endometriosis had the highest scores on all questionnaires for assessing anxiety and depression, as well as a low quality of life in general, which significantly differed from those in the control group (p 0.05). The results in the group of women with isolated adenomyosis are not so unambiguous and, overall, somewhat better than in the group of patients with adenomyosis combined with external genital endometriosis, but significantly worse compared to the control group. When assessing the severity of dysmenorrhea, higher scores were also found in the group of women with adenomyosis combined with external genital endometriosis: 6.64 2.11 cm (Visual Analogue Scale) and 6.9 2.05 cm (Numeric Rating Scale), while in the group of women with isolated adenomyosis, the scores were 5.29 1.9 cm and 5.83 1.72 cm, respectively (p = 0.028). Women in the control group had no pain syndrome.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: Poor mental and physical health scores obtained in this study in women with external genital endometriosis dictate the need for an objective and multicomponent assessment of the psycho-emotional status in patients, followed by complex treatment and team management with related specialists.

Psychological Impact of the Galleri test (sIG(n)al): protocol for a longitudinal evaluation of the psychological impact of receiving a cancer signal in the NHS-Galleri trial

IntroductionMulti-cancer early detection (MCED) blood tests look for cancer signals in cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid. These tests have the potential to detect cancers at an earlier (asymptomatic) stage, improving cancer outcomes....

Effect of Virtual Reality Distraction on Satisfaction and Tolerability in Patients Undergoing In-Office KTP Laser Procedure

To study the effect of virtual reality (VR) on satisfaction, discomfort, stress, and cooperation in patients undergoing in-office potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser procedure. Prospective study. Thirty-seven patients were enrolled in this prospective study. The State Anxiety Scale of Spielberg's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure the level of state anxiety. Satisfaction, discomfort, pain, stress, acceptance of VR, relaxation with VR, and willingness to wear VR were evaluated using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). A 5-point Likert-like scale was used to rate the patient cooperation. All procedures were completed successfully with cooperation of patients. Satisfaction score in VR group was 88.3±9.0, and in control group was 81.6±9.7 (P=0.040). There were significant differences in both nasal cavity and laryngopharynx discomfort between two groups (P=0.030 and P=0.016, respectively). The pain score of control group was higher than that of VR group but it was not statistically significant (P=0.140). The stress of control group during procedure was more obvious than that of VR group (30.5±24.0 versus 17.0±9.2, P=0.021). The mean VAS scores of acceptance of VR were all more than 75. The results of regression analysis showed that VR had significant effects on satisfaction with the procedure (P=0.004), discomfort of nasal cavity (P=0.030) and laryngopharynx (P=0.016), and feeling of stress (P=0.021) during the procedure. Distraction of VR can enhance satisfaction in both procedure and stress management for patients undergoing in-office KTP laser procedure. Acceptance of VR in VR group was relatively good.

(024) Sexual, Psychological, Interpersonal Well-being and (Unmet) Supportive Care Needs of Couples After a Gynaecological Cancer Treatment

Abstract Introduction Previous research has shown that gynecological cancer negatively affects the psychological and sexual well-being of patients. However, little is known on the impact of a gynecological cancer on the partner’s sexual, psychological and social function and on the supportive care needs of couples during and after the cancer treatment. Objectives To assess the sexual, psychological and relational functioning of women and their partners after a gynecological cancer treatment and to assess their (unmet) supportive care needs during and after treatment. Methods Patients treated for a gynecological cancer at the [blinded for review] between January 2012 and September 2019 and their partners completed self- reported questionnaires. Participants completed the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory II, the Female Sexual Function Inventory, the International Index of Erectile Function’s, the Sexual Distress Scale’s, the Couple Satisfaction Index’s, and the Dyadic Sexual Communication Scale. In addition, they completed a self-reported questionnaire on (unmet) supportive care needs during and after treatment. Results Sixteen couples participated in the study. Mean age was 59.5 (range 46-72) for women and 63 (range 50-76) for men. The mean duration since treatment was 3 years (range = 1-7).Thirty-eight percent of women and 23% of men reported moderate to high levels of anxiety whereas 18,75% of women and no men suffered from moderate to severe depression. Sixty percent of patients reported a sexual dysfunction and 40% reported significant sexual distress. Eighteen percent of men reported an erectile dysfunction and 33% reported a significant sexual distress. Whereas most couples were satisfied about their relationship, difficulties in sexual communication were expressed by most couples. Receiving psychological support, information and help with the changes in the sexual life were the most widely supported care needs of patients and partners during and after treatment. Although the highest domains of unmet needs during and after treatment for both partners were in the informational, relational and physical domain, more than 50% of couples reported unmet needs in the sexual domain. Conclusions Gynecological cancer and treatment negatively affects the psychological and sexual well-being of both the patient and her partner. Support during and after treatment should take aspects such as psychological and sexual distress and the partner perspective into account. Disclosure No.

Explaining reversal learning deficits in anxiety with electrophysiological evidence

Reversal learning is a crucial aspect of behavioral flexibility that plays a significant role in environmental adaptation and development. While previous studies have established a link between anxiety and impaired reversal learning ability, the underlying mechanisms behind this association remain unclear. This study employed a probabilistic reversal learning task with electroencephalographic recording to investigate these mechanisms. Participants were divided into two groups based on their scores on Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: high trait-anxiety (HTA) and low trait-anxiety (LTA), consisting of 50 individuals in each group. The results showed that the HTA group had poorer reversal learning performance than the LTA group, including a lower tendency to shift to the new optimal option after rule reversals (reversal-shift). The study also examined event-related potentials elicited by reversals and found that although the N1 (related to attention allocation), feedback-related negativity (FRN: related to belief updating), and P3 (related to response inhibition) were all sensitive to the grouping factor, only the FRN elicited by reversal-shift mediated the relationship between anxiety and the number/reaction time of reversal-shift. From these findings, we suggest that abnormalities in belief updating may contribute to the impaired reversal learning performance observed in anxious individuals. In our opinion, this study sheds light on potential targets for interventions aimed at improving behavioral flexibility in anxious individuals.

The effect of position change and abdominal massage on anxiety, pain and distension after colonoscopy: A randomized clinical trial

ContextPain, abdominal distention, and anxiety are major risk factors encountered after colonoscopy. Complementary and alternative treatments, such as abdominal massage and position change, are used to reduce the associated risk factors. ObjectiveTo determine the effect of position change and abdominal massage on anxiety, pain, and distension after colonoscopy. DesignA randomized three-group experimental trial. Setting and ParticipantsThis study was conducted with 123 patients who underwent colonoscopy at the endoscopy unit of a hospital located in western Turkey. MethodsThree groups were formed: two interventional (abdominal massage and position change) and one control, each including 41 patients. Data were gathered using a personal information form, pre- and post-colonoscopy measurement form, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Pain and comfort levels, abdominal circumference values, and vital signs of the patients were measured at four evaluation times. ResultsIn the abdominal massage group, the VAS pain scores and abdominal circumference measurements decreased the most and the VAS comfort scores increased the most 15 min after the patients were taken to the recovery room (p<0.05). Furthermore, bowel sounds were heard, and bloating was relieved in all patients in both intervention groups 15 min after they were taken to the recovery room. ConclusionsAbdominal massage and position change can be considered effective interventions for relieving bloating and facilitating flatulence after colonoscopy. Moreover, abdominal massage can be a powerful method for reducing pain and abdominal circumference and increasing patient comfort.