Sphere Of Production Research Articles

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ В ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ СЕКТОРАХ УКРАЇНИ

The purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency of business entities in Ukraine, which are grouped into categories proposed by Commission Regulation (EC) No. 251/2009 of 11 March 2009. Types of economic activity are divided into five technological sectors. The authors analyzed the dynamics of the number of business entities based on their differentiation by the level of technologies used. It was concluded that there is a more active increase in the number of business entities in the non-manufacturing sphere in comparison with the manufacturing sphere, using high technologies. The authors focus on increasing the share of natural entities-entrepreneurs in the total number of business entities. This is treated as a confirmation of the improvement of the entrepreneurial environment quality for the development of small business in the technical sphere of Ukraine. This study performed two tasks: analysis of the effectiveness of labor resource use by business entities and analysis of the production efficiency of added value for these groups. Calculations carried out by the authors showed that the service sector is ahead of the sphere of material production in terms of added value efficiency in a predominantly larger number of special aggregates in terms of technology use. However, the High R&D intensity industries sector showed less efficiency of added value compared to 2013. The efficiency of labor resource use was analyzed according to such parameters as labor productivity and added value per employed person. The sphere of material production has shown the highest level of labor productivity in such Special aggregates by Regulation (EC) as Low R&D intensity industries sector (LOT). The service sector had the highest labor productivity in such a segment as the use of computer equipment. The increase in added value per employed person was the highest in the Medium-low R&D intensity industries. It was concluded that there are no sustainable advantages of the High R&D intensity industries sector in Ukraine, and therefore the need for comprehensive systemic support for this sector from both the state and private investors was emphasized.

METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES IN UKRAINE

METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES IN UKRAINE

Модернізація інноваційної інфраструктури як інституційна передумова структурної перебудови економіки регіонів України у поствоєнний період

The article substantiates the expediency of modernization of innovation infrastructure as an institutional prerequisite for the structural reconstruction of the economy of the regions of Ukraine during the wartime with the projection of activation of innovative processes in the post-war period. It is further substantiated that the innovation infrastructure in Ukraine covers an overly narrowed specification of the elements of generation and commercialization of innovations, which makes accelerating the processes of innovative renewal of the material and technical base of the basic links of the national economy and regional economic complexes impossible. It is found that the main structural elements of the regional innovation infrastructure are the technological, commercial and supporting core, which, interacting, ensure the acceleration of the processes of production and commercialization of innovative developments and their implementation in the spheres of production and product circulation. It is identified that the creation of business incubators and start-up schools in the short term will eliminate the shortage of innovative ideas and developments, which in the post-war period will ensure their commercialization and implementation in the practice of innovative renewal of the economy of the regions of Ukraine. Studies have shown that the innovation infrastructure of Ukraine is not marked by a critically necessary level of efficiency of functioning due to the underdevelopment of the informational-analytical and expert-consulting component, which gives not a possibility to ensure effective propaganda of the best foreign and domestic practices of innovative and knowledge-intensive development of the structure-forming units of the national economy, in particular, the implementation of the first stages of digital transformation of processes of adoption of managerial decisions in the public administration sector. It is found that it is advisable to carry out programming of priority directions of modernization of regional innovation infrastructure during the wartime in order to form an algorithm for systematic renewal of the economy of the regions of Ukraine immediately after the end of the war to ensure an accelerated recovery of integral property complexes destroyed by enemy attacks and the formation of modern industrial, post-industrial and information growth poles.

КРЕАТИВНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА В РАЗВИТИИ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ИНДУСТРИЙ И ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА

The paper discusses the importance of the transition of economic processes to a creative approach due to the fact that culture and creativity come to the fore, and business joins the trends set by creative communities, and, importantly, they are guided and monitored. In modern economic conditions, it becomes obvious that it is through the combination of culture and commerce, implemented in the creative industries, that it becomes possible to create a distinctive image of both companies, industries, and entire countries, regions and cities. There is a need to create an «ecosystem» of the creative economy, which would accommodate the creators. In the near future, in a world that is trying to recover from the pandemic and its unprecedented consequences, the path of economic growth based on creativity is one of the best. Strategic development of cultural and creative industries for a sustainable and inclusive recovery will bring long-term benefits, as well as be the basis for stimulating innovation, improving the quality of life and, thus, a more resilient economy with an improved ability to adapt to new conditions, in the face of challenges. But it is important to add that, while developing a creative economy, one should not be limited to creative industries – there is a high probability of obtaining a synergistic effect from the interaction of such industries and standard formats. In fact, it is the synergistic effect of such interaction that will provide new competitive advantages in a creative economy. The main focus is being rebuilt on the penetration of the creative economy into all spheres of production and provision of services. It is also important to note the potential impact of the creative economy on ensuring humancentred and inclusive development of various sectors of the economy. There is a need to build the logic of work, taking into account the integral semantic vision of the situation, avoiding the accepted patterns of action and relying on economic thinking, built on economic imagination.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ОСНОВИ СЕРВІСУ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ ГОТЕЛЬНО-РЕСТОРАННОЇ СПРАВИ

The article is devoted to the theoretical foundations of serviceology at hotel and restaurant enterprises, as a science of economic development and management in the field of service. The object of the article is the sphere of service as a structural element of the modern global economy. The purpose of this article is the development of service science at hotel and restaurant enterprises, as a scientific basis for the development of the service sector in the modern economy of the country. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are solved:- the concept and categories of serviceology in the sphere of services at hotel and restaurant enterprises and the impact of scientific, technical and socio-economic progress on it are investigated;- given characteristics of the position of serviceology – the science of the service sphere and its development;- consider the roles and laws to improve the quality of services and the efficiency of management of the sphere of services in the conditions of scientific and technical progress and intensive development of information technologies.The research methodology in this article includes historical and logical analysis, structural analysis, comparative analysis, analogy, scientific synthesis.The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that the provisions of serviceology are being formed at the enterprises of the hotel and restaurant business, as the scientific basis of the service sphere. The theoretical foundations of the development of the economy and management in the field of service at hotel and restaurant enterprises in the conditions of globalization of the service market, the development of service and information technologies and communications, which can be used to analyze the competitiveness of services at hotel and restaurant enterprises, are studied and formed.In the integration of types of services, such as tourism, hotel, museum business (and others), the restaurant service can increase the quality and attractiveness of such services by creating a synergistic effect of obtaining cognitive, cultural and food satisfaction. The subject of hotel and restaurant serviceology can be called the system of economic, managerial, organizational, financial, social relations that arise in the process of promotion, production and consumption of hotel and restaurant services.Subjects of the sphere of hotel and restaurant services are producers, consumers, customers, intermediaries (individuals and legal entities) participating in the process of socio-economic relations in the sphere of production and consumption of hotel and restaurant services.Hotel and restaurant serviceology can be a part, a structural element of modern serviceology, science and science.Therefore, the development of a conceptual apparatus and science about this segment of social services is needed. We will take into account that the term serviceology is a combination of the words «service» and «logos (science)», and the definition «hotel-restaurant» emphasizes branch affiliation and the specificity of the branch. In addition, let's pay attention to the fact that the concept of restaurantology is derived from the words «restaurant» and «logos (science)» and also indicates a scientific character, industry focus and social orientation. Thus, at the conceptual level, it is emphasized that the hotel and restaurant business simultaneously acts as a part of serviceology and the science of hotels and restaurants, their functioning and socio-economic significance. Keywords: service, service activity, hotel-restaurant state, efficiency, effectiveness, rational achievement.

Анализ организационно-структурных преобразований вагоноремонтных предприятий

The article provides a retrospective analysis of organizational and structural transformations in the railway car industry, the formation of a car repair complex as an independent sphere of industrial production. The article analyzes new approaches in the activities of large railcar repair companies, which account for up to 80% of planned types of freight car repairs. There is a concentration of repair production, the construction of organizational structures according to the principles of divisional management in machine-building holdings, the creation of new production facilities for the overhaul of wagon wheel sets, as well as for ongoing uncoupling repairs. The proposals of the Union of railcar repair enterprises on the development of the effective system for keeping a railway car in working condition throughout its life cycle in the new realities, with the participation of all interested parties, including representatives of specialized scientific institutes and universities, are supported.

«КАЛЕЙДОСКОП» ФЕМИНИСТСКИХ ЭПИСТЕМОЛОГИЙ

The paper explores the ideas of feminist epistemologies in the 21st century: skepticism about objectivity, intersectional approach, epistemic injustice, etc. The author investigates the concepts of a hermeneutic gap, gaslighting and meta-ignorance, and gives the implications of these terms in higher education. The term «feminist epistemologies» is used in the paper in the plural since the attempts of oppressed groups to return the value of their own experience cannot be manifested in the existence of the only one universal epistemology. Rethinking the concepts of «knowledge», «knowing» with regard to women, disabled people, representatives of different races, sexual minorities becomes the core for the development of trans-epistemology, queer-epistemology, creep-epistemology, epistemology of resistance, epistemology of ignorance, etc. A particular contribution of feminist epistemologies is the attention to values and vested interests of privileged and oppressed groups in the sphere of knowledge production, which allows expanding the use of the concepts of epistemic injustice, epistemic advantage, and epistemic ignorance. The author raises a question: if power can lead to epistemic ignorance, while oppression, in turn — to epistemological advantage, does it mean that knowers from marginalized groups have the most complete knowledge? While there are many different research positions, none of the feminist epistemologies puts forward such a simplistic understanding of the connection between power and knowledge. The author argues that the relationship between knowledge and power cannot be described in such a way that the value of one’s knowledge will increase while the power of oppressed groups will decrease. The study shows that feminist epistemologies are a «kaleidoscope» of alternative or «marginal» epistemologies.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДСТВ И СМЕНЯЕМОСТИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УКЛАДОВ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

The development of technical means of production contributes to the improvement of technological modes of the economy. To establish trends of updating technical means and form technological modes of the country’s economy, and their interrelation and interdependence, the author has identified and characterized key periods of formation and development of technology, identified key factors of formation and improvement of the technological modes of production, and advanced technical and technological development trends of modern production. It has been established that the acceleration of scientific and technological progress under modern conditions is accompanied by the implementation of scientific achievements in the vital activity of society in the process of the gradual transfer of individual human functions and complex production operations to technical means, transformation of technologies and machinery. Ultimately, machinery is transformed into a machine system. The perfection of the machine system as a whole and coordinated change of each link provide for automation and digitalization of production at qthe ualitatively new technical and technological level, realizing progressive, innovative methods of organization and management of production. The evolution of technology stimulates the activities of the scientific community in the technical and technological segment, and promotes the formation of new technological modes in the national economy. It has been determined that in the process of the historical improvement of production, innovative technical means and technologies become the “driver” of the emergence of new technological modes. A change in the technological mode results from technological progress, accompanied by radical changes in the development of productive forces, renewal of the workforce with competences that meet the requirements of the new technological mode. The country’s transition to the sixth technological mode will ensure the rapid development of all spheres of social production, and at the same time will increase the profitability and competitive advantages of domestic agricultural production.

СТРУКТУРНА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ ЗА СЕКТОРАМИ ЕКОНОМІКИ: УКРАЇНА ТА КРАЇНИ ЄС

The effectiveness of the functioning of the national economy depends on the sectoral structure of employment. The structure of employment is largely a reflection of the macroeconomic proportions of the distribution of production factors, the general structure of the economy, and is directly proportional to its transformation. Changes in the structure of employment affect all spheres of social production. Transformations in the field of employment make it possible to identify positive or negative trends in structural shifts in the country's economy. The study of structural transformations of employment is updated with Ukraine's acquisition of the status of a candidate for EU membership. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the structural dynamics of employment in three sectors of the economy in Ukraine and EU countries for 2010–2020, identifying dominant trends and developing recommendations for the formation of a progressive employment structure. The achievement of the purpose set in the article is carried out with the help of the following research methods: analysis and synthesis, comparison, logical generalization, grouping and classification, structural analysis, scientific abstraction, statistical methods. It was emphasized that Ukraine corresponds to the global trend of transformation of employment in the direction of anticipatory development of the tertiary sector. It has been proven that the dynamics of the sectoral distribution of employment in Ukraine is close to that of Poland. The reasons for the change in the share of the employed population in the primary and secondary sectors of the economy of Ukraine are different from those of the EU countries. An analysis of employment in the tertiary sector of Ukraine's economy was carried out according to the five-sector model. Trends in the sectoral distribution of the employed population have been revealed. Indicators of the distribution of employment in innovative types of activity according to the level of intensity of research and development work by economic sectors of Ukraine and EU countries were calculated. Guidelines for the formation of a progressive sectoral structure of employment in Ukraine are proposed.

Review: A Revolution in Movement: Dancers, Painters, and the Image of Modern Mexico, by K. Mitchell Snow

Review: A Revolution in Movement: Dancers, Painters, and the Image of Modern Mexico, by K. Mitchell Snow

АНАЛІТИКА СУЧАСНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ РОЗВИТКУ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ ТА РОБОТОТЕХНІКИ У ФОКУСІ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ СИНГУЛЯРНОСТІ

Robotics and artificial intelligence technologies are widely implemented in automation processes in various spheres of social life and production. Thus, an increasingly high degree of freedom in decision-making is delegated to the activities of machines, which causes discussions about the potential singularity as an inevitable prospect of technological development. The article analyzes the current challenges and problems of the development of AI and robotics technologies, emphasizes the need to develop algorithms and tools for human-machine interaction aimed at addition, not exclusion, expansion, not leveling.

The role of transport in the meanings of economics of Russia and the survey of economic indicators of transport of the Russian Federation

Transport is a tremendously diversified sphere which includes all types of transport and emerging links in the activities of theirs. Transport acts as a connecting detail for manufacturing enterprises and final costumers, a huge number of enterprises use logistics systems and transport. Efficient transport provides profits that lead to multiplier effects such as better access to markets, employment and additional investment. This article reveals the features of transport as a sphere of social production and a sector of the national economy that provides benefits to the country. Within the framework of the article, the main economic indicators of transport in Russia are considered, the problems and prospects for the development of the transport industry are identified.

State Policy in the Sphere of Science and Knowledge-Intensive Production

Relevance. Modern Russia is a succession of transformations of the national economy. The reforms carried out in the country affect the issues of social, scientific, scientific-technical (including the modernization of higher education), and general economic nature.The key mechanism for transforming Russia's economy is national projects, based on a series of documents developed and adopted by the government between 2002 and 2011. All ongoing transformations are based primarily on the development of human capital; systems related to education, health care; transformation of infrastructure; modernization of industry and public administration. The success of such transformations can be ensured by the state policy aimed at increasing the competitive advantages of the Russian economy in the field, science, and digitalization of the economy.Purpose. To analyze the current state of the Russian economy under the conditions of digital transformation and give recommendations for improving the mechanisms of macroeconomic regulation of the accelerated development of the Russian economy based on proactive industrial policy.Objectives. To substantiate the conceptual directions of the breakthrough development of industry in the Russian Federation in the strategic perspective, as the basis for sustainable socio-economic development of the country in the context of digitalization.Methodology. The study used methods of comparative analysis, economic-statistical and methods of expert evaluations.Results. The industrial complex, based on advanced technologies, is not only an indicator of the pace and efficiency of knowledge-intensive production, stabilizer of socio-economic processes but also serves as a guarantor of the national sovereignty of the country.Conclusions. The state socio-economic policy aimed at the introduction of advanced technologies affects not only the high-tech sector of the economy but also traditional industries. This policy will make it possible to transform the institutions of economic development and modernize existing business models, as well as to create conditions for improving the ongoing industrial policy.

Comprehensive Assessment of Resource Efficiency of Russian Gas Industry Companies

The purpose of this study is to develop methodological foundations for a comprehensive assessment of the resource efficiency of natural gas extraction, processing and pipeline transportation companies as the basis for balanced consumption and resource provision. The study shows that in complex and rapidly changing conditions, the growth of global consumption of hydrocarbons, in particular natural gas, triggers a search for new resource-saving methods and technologies that reduce the resource intensity of industrial production and the impact on the environment, to develop resource-efficient methods and resource-saving policies. The paper proposes a conceptual approach to a comprehensive assessment of the resource efficiency of gas industry companies and highlights its main provisions. A methodological approach and a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the resource efficiency of the gas industry have been developed, including an integral calculation and a comparative assessment of the resource efficiency indicators of industrial enterprises: extraction, processing and pipeline transport of natural gas. The proposed methodology for a comprehensive assessment of resource efficiency is distinguished by a system of indicators reflecting the functioning of production, economic, financial, investment, energy and environmental spheres of activity, which makes it possible, based on simulation modeling and scenario forecasting, to conduct a comparative analysis of the development of industry companies by the level of resource conservation, resource availability and resource consumption in the post-forecast and forecast period. The proposed methodology for a comprehensive assessment of resource efficiency in the formation of an optimal structure of resource supply and resource consumption of an industrial enterprise is distinguished by the use of predictive and analytical tools and simulation modeling of the activities of industrial companies, which enables them to determine their resource-efficient development option and select promising business processes. The methodological tools were tested using the cases of companies engaged in gas production (Novatek), gas processing (Sibur) and pipeline gas transportation (Gazprom). The analysis of the results of the conducted approbation showed the existing differences in modern mechanisms for resource conservation, consumption and provision of resources in industry companies, as well as possible growth points and prospects for their resource-efficient development.

Advertising In The Transcarpathian Newspaper «Ukrainske Slovo» 1932–1938

Introduction. The advertising industry of Transcarpathia in the 1930s of the 20th century was closely connected with the economy of Czechoslovakia, to which this territory belonged from 1919 to 1939. Advertising in the Ukrainian-language newspaper «Ukrainske Slovo» (1932–1938) represents social, political, and commercial relations, and gives an idea of the advertising management of the editorial office. Relevance of the study. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the place and role of the Transcarpathian press of the 20–30s of the 20th century in the formation and development of the advertising market are largely unexplored, in particular, the Ukrainian- language newspaper «Ukrainske Slovo». The purpose of our work is to analyze the activities of the socio-political newspaper «Ukrainske Slovo» concerning the formation and promotion of advertising content and research the factors of the development of the advertising sphere in the region at that time. Methodology. The research is based on the principles of systematic, historical-comparative, descriptive-analytical, problem-chronological scientific methods that provide an opportunity to highlight this aspect of the informational activity of the newspaper «Ukrainske Slovo» conceptually. Results. In the process of work, it was found that the publishers of the newspaper «The Ukrainian Word» developed professional advertising management. Publishers used a variety of formal-graphic and psychological-motivational methods of attracting readers’ attention, used textual methods of influence, and implemented social and hidden advertising. In the context of the general advertising management of the editorial office, active work with advertisers and consumers was observed. Conclusions. For the first time the analysis of the advertising content of Transcarpathian periodicals of the 20–30s of the 20th century, in particular the newspaper «Ukrainske Slovo» (1932–1938), was carried out. The concept of the advertising information of this newspaper is seen clearly and it lies in the creation of effective communication between the production and consumer spheres, and at the same time in the successful implementation of the idea of Ukrainian national unity on an economic basis.

МОДЕЛЬ ІНТЕГРАЛЬНОЇ ОЦІНКИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The object of the research is the peculiarities of the formation, use and improvement of the model of integral assessment of the economic potential of the enterprise in accordance with modern economic conditions and changes. The success of any enterprise in conditions of uncertainty and risk directly depends on various influencing factors and is determined by the potential, the assessment of which is necessary at all levels of preparation and management decision-making, in order to expand the information base within the management system. Practice shows the presence of theoretical and practical problems related to the formation and use of applied mechanisms for assessing the economic potential of enterprises on the basis of operations research and economic diagnostics, and based on the application of economic and mathematical modeling. It is noted that under the economic potential of the enterprise it is appropriate to understand the capabilities, resources, stocks, means of the enterprise that are used and/or can be used to achieve the goals (strategic or tactical) of the enterprise. And the model of integrated evaluation of the efficiency of the use and growth of the enterprise's potential is based on the system of evaluation of the effectiveness of the functioning of its components in the financial-economic, production and commercial sphere, based on parameters (indicators) taking into account priorities, criterion values and the utility function. According to the results of the conducted research, an improved multi-criteria model of the integral assessment of the enterprise potential using the additive utility function is proposed, which, unlike the existing ones, makes it possible not only to calculate the integral indicator of the enterprise potential, to evaluate and monitor the enterprise potential, but also allows to some extent to compare with each other competing enterprises. It is advisable to carry out further research in the direction of determining the ways of effective use and growth of the enterprise's potential.

Strategies of Post-War Anomie’s Overcoming in the Fields of Social Interactions and Business

This paper presents the general strategies of the post-war anomie’s overcoming in the fields of social interactions and business. The main purpose of the research is to study developmental features of the anomic behavior, and possible behavioral pathologies of people in business environment that can occur in post-war society. Investigation of this topic in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: at the initial stage of the research, an analysis of the main stages of the phenomenon of anomie in human life was carried out. Based on the analysis results, it is substantiated that a number of socio-psychological problems arise when social interactions are changed, and business environment is developed rapidly. This tendency is more visible in a post-war society. The aim of the research is the systematization of methodological approaches for implementations the psychological aid and work in mental correction and rehabilitation among people with anomic behavior, to prevent the deepening of the negative symptoms endangering emotional state and possible behavioral pathologies do not become deeper and endanger the whole society. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis, which showed that the person with anomic behavior or marginal person falls into the psychological shock, which is characterized by the following aspects such as tensions caused by efforts to achieve the necessary psychological adaptation, emotion of loss and depreciation (friends, status, property and profession), feeling of rejection, violation of roles, role expectations, values, self-identification of emotions, existence of an unexpected alarm, hatred, disgust as a result of the realization of cultural differences and, finally, feeling of non-completeness due to failure to adapt to the new business environment. Based on the results of the study of various societies during the post-war period, the article identified strategies for overcoming social anomie in the spheres of social interactions and business. The main strategy types include unification strategy, professional specific orientations, disintegration of vital activities, retreat strategy, adventurism, anti-sublimation (humiliation behavior) and innovative strategy. The identification of strategic priorities for overcoming anomie, which are of practical meaning for productive business sphere management, should serve as the perspective directions for further research.

Development of economy digitalisation: global and national dimensions in the pre-COVID and post-pandemic world

Despite the widespread occurrence of the digital economy phenomenon, the scientific community continues a fraught debate regarding its terminological unambiguity, the definition of the lines of its demarcation from genetically and substantively similar phenomena. Digitalisation covers the spheres of production, distribution, exchange and consumption in different ways. Digitalisation processes are gaining importance in industry, transport, agriculture and e-commerce. The role of the state in the national economies digitalisation is growing. The state plays a special role in educational, healthcare and social digitalisation. The economy digitalisation processes acceleration and deepening are taking place in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a change in the role of government in the economy and policy implications for economy digitalisation in East Europe and Kazakhstan. The stimulated transition to a quarantine regime, repeated lockdowns announcements have identified new prospects for the digital economy development.

The concept of land resource potential in the economic economy

The article analyzes the conceptual and terminological support in the field of economics of nature management and environmental protection. The need for an in-depth etymological study of the terminological apparatus related to the concept of "land resource potential", namely the concepts of "resource", "potential", "land" in terms of increasing competition among businesses for resources and markets for manufactured products. In this regard, a significant amount of bibliographic and electronic Internet sources, both foreign and domestic authors and researchers. The role of resource potential in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is substantiated and determined. The author's interpretation of the concept of "land resource potential" as a set of land, labor, material and economic resources, endowed with the potential for the development of productive forces and characterized by indispensability in the production of dependent and territorially spheres of production. The generalization of concepts is carried out and the mathematical interpretation of the concept "land resource potential" is offered. The establishment of classification features is substantiated and the species classification of resources is carried out. In the course of the research the functional properties of land resource potential were identified and generalized. The role of land resources as one of the main ones in the structure of the nature management system is determined.

“More Great Goods to the People! Better Work for This Year after Year!” the Soviet Alternative to the Western Society of Mass Consumption (1960s — 1970s)

The “mass consumption society” which arose in the Western industrially developed countries in the middle of the twentieth century was viewed by the Soviet Union as a form of anti-communism in the logic of the opposing systems competition and Cold War rivalry. Experiencing permanent difficulties with consumer sector the USSR opposed the new concepts with a comprehensive preventive alternative in the broad ideological and socio-economic context of a “developed socialist society”. The socialist version of the future prosperity presupposed a breakthrough in the development of the industries of the “B” group, the formation of socialist values, idealistic personal consumption, spiritual and cultural growth, the priority of public interests, and a selfless communist devotion to job. The archival documents reveal that the attractiveness of Western prosperity and the departure from the reforms of the mid-1960s, which did not change the absolute adherence to the principles of central planning and single public property, served as a catalyst for the strengthening of the ideological components of economic policy and further degradation of the production sphere. Material incentives were replaced by conscientiousness and patriotism. “Socialist competition” and communist “subbotniks” completely turned into a kind of “voluntary-compulsory” uncompensated labor in favor of the state. The USSR failed to solve the problems of unsatisfied consumer demand with the help of the Comecon countries, which were experiencing similar difficulties. The Soviet search for progressive answers to “mass consumption” had an important by-product, the scientific research of anthropogenic influence on the climate, responsible, balanced consumption, environmental protection, conservation of natural resources aimed at sustainable development. The accumulated experience is relevant for the 21st century, the beginning of which was marked by global pandemics and crises of planetary scale associated with the spread of consumerism to new states and territories.