Spheres Of Everyday Life Research Articles

Этнокультурный компонент содержания образования в межкультурном контексте

The work is devoted to the problem of co-learning of languages ​​and cultures in a multiethnic region. Introduction. Addressing the problem of ethnocultural education in the context of the ongoing changes in the life of society is due to reasons that require timely response and adjustments to the process of education and upbringing, especially among young people. The purpose of the study is to generalize the theoretical and practical approaches to teaching a foreign (German) language, taking into account local ethnographic material. Methods. The work represents the author's reflections on the problems of ethnocultural education. Research results. To solve the problem of filling the content of ethno-oriented education based on knowledge of the elements of everyday culture, traditional culture, linguistic picture of the world, it is necessary to include in the process of teaching a foreign language topics, issues related to the sphere of everyday life of northerners, their living conditions, family relations, rules of behavior, traditions, rituals. Conclusions. Currently, educational institutions are changing the approach to teaching foreign languages ​​towards the development of communicative and intercultural competence of students, which involves the co-learning of languages ​​and cultures of both the country of the target language and the native land. This can be facilitated by a balanced selection of the content of the «Foreign language» subject at the expense of the ethnocultural component as a reserve that forms intercultural competence for socialization in the world space.

Higher-Order Language Dysfunctions in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder.

Patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD) have difficulties with certain aspects of higher-order language functions (HOLF) but there is no data on a wide range of these functions in this group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare different aspects of HOLF in patients with AUD and healthy controls (HC). A total of 31 patients with AUD and 44 HC took part in the study. We assessed HOLF with the Right Hemisphere Language Battery (RHLB) and measured control variables: depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) as well as the speed of processing and executive functions with the Color Trails Test (CTT). Patients with AUD had lower results on nine RHLB tests. Moreover, AUD patients had higher scores on PHQ and longer reaction times on CTT. The differences in most RHLB results remained significant after co-varying the control variables. Patients with AUD have difficulties with making inferences from the text, understanding the meaning of individual words, metaphorical content, and prosody, which may impede the comprehension and production of discourse in which linguistic elements must be integrated with non-verbal cues and contextual information. These disturbances may impact various spheres of everyday life and negatively influence social, private, and professional functioning.

What do we expect from robots? Social representations, attitudes and evaluations of robots in daily life

To foresee the potential acceptance, rejection and adaptation of robots in societies, it is necessary to overcome deterministic and linear assumptions and explore the plurality of meanings that shape our relationships with these emerging technologies. With this goal in mind, this study investigates the social representation of robots and its interconnection with attitudes and images, in a convenience sample of young adults in Italy (N = 422). Participants were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire consisting of a free-association task to the word stimulus “robot”, the Robot Attitude Scale, the acceptance of robots in different domains of life and a measure of mind perceptions of robots. The social representation of robots was articulated around three key semantic dimensions opposing: (1) ‘distant/detached’ vs ‘close/integrated’ views; (2) ‘ideal’ vs ‘material’ aspects; (3) assimilation with ‘ICTs’ vs with electric and mechanic ‘devices.’ These three dichotomies defined different positions connected with general attitudes, domain-specific evaluations of robots, and their level of perceived proximity with human beings. In particular, the view of robots as more concrete and integrated objects was related to positive attitudes and acceptance across all considered domains (i.e. Dull/Dirty, Education/Care and Health/Emergency dimensions). In contrast, more distant views were related to negative attitudes. Our study provides insights into how diverse positions could favour or hinder the introduction of robots in different spheres of everyday life.

Importance of Social and Criminological Analysis of the Domestic Sphere of Society Life in Preventing Family Crime

Article provides a socio-criminological analysis of the sphere of everyday life, gives definitions of this concept by specialists in various fields of knowledge. The influence of the family on the commission of domestic crimes is considered. It is noted that in Russia there is a long overdue need for the adoption at the state level of the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence.

Family history and memory in photo albums of Latvian women after World War II

ABSTRACT The article analyses family history and memory in the post-WWII period, as reflected in photo albums compiled by women living in what had become the Soviet-occupied country of Latvia. The content analysis method is used to examine twenty photo albums. The results indicate that such albums served as an autobiographical instrument for women in the private sphere of everyday life. The principal thematic categories of photographs in the albums were everyday scenes, portraits of individuals, photos of infants and children, pictures of family rituals, portraits of young men performing their obligatory military service in the Soviet armed forces, group photos of families, and groups photos of festive family events. Generally, the women compilers of the albums sought to place photographs in chronological sequence, but interruptions of a sequence are visible by the inclusion of photographs from the pre-Soviet decades. Most of the albums are incomplete and contain many unmounted photos, which testifies to autobiographical instability and the need for editing to make albums conform to the ideological demands of the Soviet decades. Interpretation of the albums from the post-memory viewpoint suggests the necessity for contextual historical information, since their female compilers were evidently creating their own mythology about these post-war decades. The albums portray a society with strong family values, orderly networks of family relationships, mutual trust, prosperity, and ‘the good life’ – all of which stood in sharp contrast with the everyday realities of Soviet-era existence.

Covid-19 and the Structural Crisis of Liberal Democracies. Determinants and Consequences of the Governance of Pandemic

The pandemic caused by the rapid spread of the Covid-19 virus has revealed impacts well beyond those linked to health. Indeed, it has established itself as what Mauss called a total social fact, that is, an event that affects every single aspect of society. In this editorial we present some initial reflections on the myriad ways in which the pandemic will affect the State and the relationship between States and citizens as played out in spheres of everyday life. We begin with a brief historical overview of pandemics and the patterns, contradictions and lessons they have left, before looking at the crisis context in which the current pandemic is unfolding. We then take a look at the myriad ways in which the pandemic underlines, emphasises and exacerbates a fundamental rift in the relationship between states and citizens by discussing risk, expertise, communication, de- and re-politicisation and more. We conclude by asking ourselves if - beyond the liberal democracy vs autocracy dichotomy - the Post-Covid scenario may conduce toward a new social contract. Finally, we look to existing sociological work that might provide fruitful in moving forward to address this rift, and provide brief overviews of the contributions in this direction from the authors in this special issue.

Family memory and Its mythology: from the theory to daily practice

This article is dedicated to examination of the dynamic aspect and mythological dimension of social memory. The structure of the latter distinguishes the two levels – “archaic” and ”conjunctural”. The “archaic” level plays a determinant role for the current functionality of mythology , including the mythology of family memory, which is interrelated with such spheres of everyday life as life, work, and recreation). The transformation of family mythology is viewed on the example of manifestation of myth-containing phenomena, such as the sacred leader (hero) and the victim, in everyday life. The following changes are indicated: the representations on causality and ratio between the part and the whole are imparted sacred meaning, while the representations on space and time are being rationalized. The systematic approach was applied towards studying the mythology of family memory. The theoretical conclusions are reinforced by the results of analysis of a series of narrative interviews conducted among the residents of Lipetsk Region about the history of their families. It is established that the basic (constitutive) events for the mythology of family memory indicate more abstract and profound phenomena (for example, hero or victim) than for the social memory. Special work is required for identification of these phenomena and further reconstruction of the mythology of family memory in each particular case. Special attention is given to observations of one of the respondents on the miracle as the phenomenon immanently inherent in life.

Research of a smart energy system in the internet things

The work considers and investigates the intelligent power system in the Internet of Things. The purpose of the article is to study the intelligent network. The answer to the question «What is a smart energy system?». We compared traditional and smart power systems. Defined measurement infrastructure and technological criteria. Protocols and standards are reviewed. The relevance of the topic is because every day the demand and consumption for electrical energy is growing. The evolution of smart grid concepts in various power grids connects a huge number of devices, many of which are due to outdated automation protocols and internal information systems. Since many of these devices provide little or no indication of the semantics of their data, it is customary to manually create this information, which is cumbersome, expensive, and prone to errors. The Internet of Things is the next step in the evolution of our today’s Internet, where any physical object equipped with computing and communication capabilities can be easily integrated into various areas of our life. Thus, there is a need for an intelligent grid that can effectively solve various aspects of transmission and distribution, reducing the load on the power system, making it reliable and secure. One option to meet peak demand is to reinforce the distribution network with thicker cables and more powerful power systems. Another, more sustainable solution is the introduction of smart grid technology to balance energy demand and supply by increasing the flexibility of the electricity grid through the use of information and communication technologies and remote control in real time, for example, with the Internet of things, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and others. However, security and reliability is seen as one of the main obstacles to the rapid and largescale implementation and deployment of both the IoT concept and smart grid. It is expected that the smart grid and the Internet of Things will revolutionize various spheres of everyday life, industry and business.

Srpski jezik i ćirilica u svakodnevnom životu i medijima

The subject of research in this paper is the use of the Serbian language and Cyrillic in everyday life, as well as in the media. The contemporary way of life and modern trends largely affect the Serbian language and use of Cyrillic because of the omnipresence of English in all the spheres of our lives, the influence of which has led to the phenomenon called language Anglo-globalization. It seems that Serbian, under the strong influence of English, is gradually changing, and not only does this change happen in the sphere of everyday life but also in all the spheres of professional life as well. Besides the ubiquitous influence of English that is mirrored in the names of companies, stores, cafés etc., another problem has occupied out attention, and that is a very limited use of Cyrillic in both everyday life and the media. The subject of analysis were the names of cafés and the presence of Cyrillic in them and the use of Cyrillic in the media - the daily newspapers and TV channels. The results show that Cyrillic is used rather limitedly, while Latin alphabet has the priority both in everyday life and the media.

Staged Representations of Négritude: Aboriginality and White Supremacy in Jane Harrison’s Stolen

Early performances of indigeneity in Australian theatre reveal an underpinning ideology of white European settler control and emphasise the shared beliefs which validate white dominance over the real and the imagined non-white counterparts. This ideology of power, staged through theatrical performances, reflected and supported the actual discriminatory practices against Aborigines in the different spheres of everyday life in Australia. In the early stages, performances were not mere adaptations of the local conditions, but rather a discourse taking part in the colonisation of Aboriginal Australians. This article studies the impact of the European settler State policies in Australia in Jane Harrison’s Stolen (1998). The paper examines the severe ramifications of colonial practices such as assimilation, discrimination and racism on modern day Aboriginal Australians, particularly the Stolen Generation. Within a theoretical framework that rests on Leopold Sedar Senghor’s and Aime Cesaire’s notion of Negritude, the study analyzes the staged representations of blackness, Aboriginality and white supremacy in the play. The analysis further endeavors to show how the playwright renegotiates past experiences of pain as a means for modern day acceptance of the inevitable hybridity that results from contact between Aborigines and white Australia and the role Aborigine theatre has played within post-colonial discourse. Directed by Wesley Enoch, and written by Jane Harrison, Stolen, remains one of the most significant first Australian drama performances written and directed by Aboriginal Australians.

Образ Востока в системах мышления и структурах социального действия

The images of geographical space and historical time, born in the practices of poetic experience and philosophical reflection, subsequently migrated to the subject-matter domains of sociology, political science, economics, and other social sciences, under­going a long conceptual as well as analytical evolution. In fact, they turned into ef­fective tools for scientific analysis of social, political and economic processes with the scope of application ranging from theoretical constructs and expert assessments to managerial decision-making and futurological forecasts. Moreover, cultural and historical images, arriving into the sphere of theoretical as well as expert-and-analyti­cal knowledge from pre-scientific practices, came back to the sphere of everyday life and began to play an increasingly important role in self-identification, as well as in individual and collective searches for identity. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the newly formed concepts of the East and the West, the Modern and the Ar­chaic, in their dynamic dimension, gave birth to the “procedural” derivatives thereof, the most well-known and the most broadly applied among which is the concept of modernization, which manifested itself, inter alia, in the emergence of a theory or even many theories of the same name. At the same time, the concepts of westerniza­tion and archaization have been less fortunate: in fact, they have turned into the terms used in the conceptual space of the same theory of modernization. The rarest to be used is the fourth of the concepts in question – the concept of orientalization. This article deals with the very few instances of the use of this term found by the author in modern scientific literature.

Virtual Instrumentation for load cell signal processing

In different spheres of everyday life it is very important to determine the weight of substances, objects and peoples. Strain gauges are widely used in load cells for electronic scales. However, the signal from these transducers presents noise due to various factors. This work presents a virtual instrument developed in LabVIEW for acquisition and processing of the AC108B/BW load cell signal. A moving average digital filter was developed, in order to decrease the amplitude of the signal noise.

An Ethnic Relations between Immigrant-based Groups in the Light of Florian Znaniecki’s Theory. (Ethnic Relations as a Type of Social Relations: Case Study on Polish-Ukrainian Relations in Diaspora Situation)

This presentation is related to three aspects of the sociological theory of Florian Znaniecki and William Thomas: the concept of ethnic relations and immigrants attitudes in diaspora situation as well as the concept of recreate and building of an ethnic community. The main problem tackled in the paper can be narrowed down to the question: whether and how is the system of social relationships between different ethnic groups transferred into a migration situation? Relations between Polish and Ukrainian immigrants will be use as an example. What guides this paper is trading these realtions in the sphere of everyday life in one of New York’s Lower Manhattan neighborhoods – East Village, where Polish and Ukrainian ethnic community in New York City formed in the second half of the 19 th century. The text portrays the community eastablished by the immigrants, and especially its past and the character of Polish-Ukrainian neighborhood, which, as it turns out, resembles Polish-Ukrainian in the European borderland. In the analysis particular attention will be focus on microsocial determinants of mutual relationships as well as on the various elements of interethnic relations, including: spheres of cooperation, conflict areas, daily interactions, ethnic distance, mutual perceptions, etc. The text will give a short outline of the process of shaping and functioning of the ethnic community, its character, as well as the processes of changes of the ethnic community.

Magicalized Socialism: An Anthropological Study on the Magical Practices of a Secularized Reincarnated Lama in Socialist Mongolia

Abstract Socialist regimes lead by the Soviet Union were one of the great experiments for human life “without religions”. In Mongolia, as in other socialist countries, modernity was constructed by expelling religious practices from the sphere of everyday life in the name of atheism. However, modernity has never completely succeeded in fully establishing secularization anywhere in the world, and the phenomena of magico-religious practices continue and even are rampant, not least behind the facades in post-socialist countries. In other words, it can be said that the affiliation between secularization, de-sacralization, and modernity, which many scholars imagined, was just fantasy. Following the way in which Talal Asad examines the “novel” form of secularism present in Euro-American societies, it becomes quite easy to understand that socialist modernity was formulated as the “novel secular” by the Soviet Union. While examining Soviet-style atheism or Soviet-formed secularization, we need to rethink the practices that are “in between” the religious and the secular. Mongols have been practicing religion secularly. We see this in how selecting reincarnated lamas has been a political act, and in the way they have been practicing secular politics so religiously – for example, the importance of fortune telling and shamanism in political decision-making. Further, we need to note that the socialist expulsion of institutional aspects of religions such as churches, clergies, and religious scriptures resulted in the spread of magical/occult practices. In this paper we explore Mongol practices that are in between the religious and the secular by examining Buddhist practices in Zavkhan Province, where people maintained strong worship for reincarnated lamas secretly and in disguise during the socialist era.

Prawa pacjentów muzułmanów w świetle ustawodawstwa polskiego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ustawy o gwarancjach wolności sumienia i wyznania

W państwie separacji przyjaznej, jakim jest III Rzeczpospolita Polska, wolność sumienia i wyznania, jako jedno z podstawowych praw człowieka, jest gwarantowana zarówno na poziome konstytucyjnym, jak i ustawowym. Z prawa tego wynika swoboda uzewnętrzniania przekonań religijnych i prawo do opieki duszpasterskiej w każdym miejscu, w którym się znajdujemy. Z racji tego, że wolność religijna ma swoje źródło w przyrodzonej godności osoby ludzkiej, jest ona zapewniona każdemu bez względu na narodowość, rasę, stan zdrowia czy przyjmowany światopogląd.
 Z uwagi na rosnącą liczbę muzułmanów przebywających na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej zasadne wydaje się spojrzenie na zakres ich uprawnień w dziedzinie wolności religijnej w specyficznej i trudnej dla każdego sytuacji bycia pacjentem zakładu leczniczego. Podjęcie wskazanego tematu podyktowane jest specyfiką prawa szariatu, które reguluje nie tylko materię ściśle prawną, ale także sprawy wchodzące w sferę życia codziennego muzułmanina i rzutujące na konieczność przestrzegania szeregu reguł, znajdujących zastosowanie także w sytuacji poddania się leczeniu szpitalnemu.
 Punktem wyjścia dla podjętych rozważań stała się ustawa o gwarancjach wolności sumienia i wyznania i przewidziane w niej uprawnienia wobec osób przebywających w zakładach leczniczych, które zostały skonfrontowane ze stanowiskiem prawa szariatu wobec czynności, jakim może poddać się pacjent wyznający islam. Omówione zostały m.in. zagadnienia związane z poszanowaniem prawa muzułmanina do bycia odwiedzanym przez rodzinę, prawo do postu, modlitwy czy spożywania określonych pokarmów. Przeprowadzona analiza doprowadziła do wniosku, że personel medyczny winien w możliwie najszerszym zakresie, zgodnie z przepisami prawa polskiego, zapewnić pacjentom muzułmanom warunki zgodne z wymogami ich religii. Jednakże z uwagi na to, że wolność religijna nie ma charakteru absolutnego, granicę tej wolności zawsze musi wyznaczyć wzgląd na dobro pacjentów, a przede wszystkim na wolność religijną innych osób – personelu medycznego czy pacjentów o odmiennym poglądzie religijnym.

Decrypting the electrophysiological individuality of the human brain: Identification of individuals based on resting-state EEG activity

Biometric identification (BI) of individuals is a fast-growing field of research that is producing increasingly sophisticated applications in several spheres of everyday life. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated that based on the high inter-individual variability of brain structure and function, it is possible to identify individuals with high accuracy. Otherwise, there is the common belief that electroencephalographic (EEG) data recorded at the surface of the scalp are too noisy for identification purposes with a comparably high hit rate. In the present work, we compared BI quality (F1-scores, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity) between different types of functional (instantaneous, lagged, and total coherence, phase synchronization, correlation, and mutual information) and effective (Granger causality, phase synchronization, and coherence) connectivity measures. Results revealed that across functional connectivity metrics, identification accuracy was in the range of 0.98–1, whereas sensitivity and F1-scores were between 0.00 and 1 and specificity was between 0.99 and 1. BI was higher for the connectivity metrics that are contaminated by volume conduction (instantaneous connectivity) compared to those that are unaffected by this variable (lagged connectivity). Support vector machine and neural network algorithms yielded the highest BI, followed by random forest and weighted k-nearest neighborhood, whereas linear discriminant analysis was less accurate. These results provide cross-validated counterevidence to the belief that EEG data are too noisy for identification purposes and demonstrate that functional and effective connectivity metrics are particularly suited for BI applications with comparable accuracy to MRI. Our results have important implications for fast, low-cost, and mobile BI applications.

Dewerbalne osobowe nomina subiecti z formantem słowotwórczym -нік (-льнік) w języku białoruskim

<p>Artykuł został poświęcony analizie semantycznej i słowotwórczej dewerbalnych rzeczowników rodzaju męskiego należących do kategorii <em>nomina subiecti</em> z formantem słowotwórczym <em>-</em><em>нік</em> (<em>-</em><em>льнік</em>) w języku białoruskim w ujęciu synchronicznym. Pod pojęciem<em> nomina subiecti</em> rozumiane są nazwy osób, wykonujących jakąś pracę lub podejmujących jakieś zajęcie, przy tym praca ta może mieć charakter stały bądź tymczasowy, zarobkowy lub nie związany z korzyściami materialnymi. Analizowane nazwy, których znaczenie słowotwórcze można ująć w peryfrazie ‘ten, kto wykonuje czynność związaną z czasownikiem będącym podstawą słowotwórczą’, stanowią zbiór 228 białoruskich derywatów osobowych, zaczerpniętych z białoruskich i polskich słowników, prac leksykograficznych z zakresu słowotwórstwa synchronicznego nazw osobowych oraz materiałów własnych autora. Z punktu widzenia semantyki badana kategoria derywatów reprezentuje słownictwo należące do sfery życia codziennego, obejmujące zarówno nazwy zawodowe, jak i nazwy subiektów czynności tymczasowych i okazjonalnych, przy tym są to nazwy zakorzenione w systemie słowotwórczym języka białoruskiego, oznaczające nazwy wykonawców czynności rolniczych, przemysłowych, rzemieślniczych. Przeprowadzona analiza dowiodła, że w języku białoruskim grupa osobowych dewerbalnych <em>nomina</em><em> </em><em>subiecti</em> z sufiksem <em>-</em><em>нік</em><em> </em>(<em>-льнік</em>) stanowi zbiór liczny, jednak na obecnym etapie rozwoju języka formant <em>-нік</em> (<em>-</em><em>льнік</em>) praktycznie nie tworzy nazw zawodowych. Stosunkowo niewielki zbiór neologizmów dowodzi, że w przegrywa on w rywalizacji z innymi sufiksami, zwłaszcza obcymi (por. <em>-</em><em>ант</em>, <em>-</em><em>іст</em>), a dotyczy to przede wszystkim sfery polityki, kultury masowej, sportu. Z kolei ze względu na budowę badany sufiks wykazuje łączliwość z rodzimymi podstawami słowotwórczymi, a proces derywacji cechuje znaczny stopień regularności.</p>

Teaching About Energy

In this article, we draw upon the Conceptual Profile Theory to discuss the negotiation of meanings related to the energy concept in an 11th grade physics classroom. This theory is based on the heterogeneity of verbal thinking, that is, on the idea that any individual or society does not represent concepts in a single way. According to this perspective, the processes of conceptualization consist of the use of a repertoire of different socially stabilized signifiers, adjusted to the context in which they occur. We start by proposing zones of a conceptual profile model for energy, each zone being characterized by its own commitments and identifiable by certain modes of talking about energy. Based on classroom evidence, we claim that teachers and students negotiate meanings that interpenetrate the domains of everyday and scientific knowledge. Being inevitable and necessary, this heterogeneity of conceptual thinking needs to be considered in teaching design in order to allow its awareness on the part of the students. We argue that students’ conceptual development goals should be considered in terms of general goals of science education, which points to the need of overcoming the encapsulation of scientific school knowledge. We show that the Conceptual Profile Theory provides a basis for science education that can promote the crossing of cultural boundaries, seeking relations between science and the spheres of everyday life.

Dimensions of spatial inequalities in the Information Age: the case of Hungary

By today it seems obvious that the use of information and communication technologies is inseparable from many spheres of everyday life. Also increasing number of practical experiences confirm that the information society and the information economy have perceptible influence on socio-economic inequalities, which have necessarily geographical projections as well. Although it is difficult to grab all the motives of geography-related inequalities of the information age, our study still attempts to collect some major dimensions of disparities. The paper aims to present the composite character of Hungarian information society differences in a regional context by applying conceptual and experimental approaches. First, the accessibility dimension of information age disparities is detailed by the application of typical statistical indicators. Secondly, we attempt to draw the picture of e-government disparities, a new layer of information inequalities, to represent differences between users and non-users. Next, we present examples on network-based inequalities as an experimental study on the importance of connectivity in the information economy. And finally, we give examples on novel forms of cyberspace inequalities reflecting regional differences of how people are using and taking advantage of information age possibilities. According to our results it was found that although the different dimensions of disparities reflected other motives of information age inequalities in Hungary, the urban-rural and center-periphery disparities happened to be common features of the spatial structure.

Land and housing as crucibles of racist nationalism: Asian Australians' experiences

AbstractNationwide surveys in 2015–16 in Australia collected data on experiences of racism in various spheres of everyday life, including housing. Of 6,001 respondents, 843 were of an Asian birthplace or background, and 638 spoke an Asian language. These Asian Australians had double the rate of experience of racism than had other Australians, in the form of racist mistrust, disrespect, and name‐calling (70% vs 35%). When renting or buying a house, almost six in ten (58%) Asian‐born participants had experienced discrimination to some extent because of their culture or religion. While 81 per cent of non‐Asian Australians report there is no racism in housing, the proportion reporting this among the Asian‐born participants was only 42 per cent. Those born in Australia but with Asian parents have the same exposure to racism, whereas those with only one parent born in Asia had an exposure closer to those with no Asian connection. “Racial” appearance plays a role in the racism experienced in relation to buying or renting housing. Racism in such a context limits Asian Australians' access to space and curtails the making of non‐Anglo place, which leads to the conclusion that land and housing are crucibles of racist nationalism.