Sphere Of Interethnic Relations Research Articles

Совместимы ли патриотизм и интернационализм?

This article analyses the relationship between patriotism and internationalism. In the context of the pluralism of interpretations in modern discourse, the paper clarifies the concepts of internationalism and patriotism, as well as their correlation with the terms cosmopolitanism, nationalism and anti-patriotism. All these categories are considered here as different types of attitudes of some ethnic communities, nations and peoples towards other ethnic communities, nations and peoples, as a way of nations’ self-positioning in the world’s multi-ethnic cultural space. The authors single out the ideological and the socio-psychological levels of the analysis of patriotism and internationalism. At the ideological level, the categories used to characterize interethnic relations are presented in the form of types of rational political ideology. Here, the subject of interethnic relations is the ethnic community as a whole, as a collective community. At the socio-psychological level, the types of mass socio-political orientations, feelings, behavioural attitudes and stereotypes in the sphere of interethnic relations are determined. Here, the subject of interethnic relations is the individual person as a typical representative of a certain ethnic community. It has been established that patriotism and internationalism are closely interconnected and mediate each other, both in individual and in social consciousness. The attitude towards one’s own Motherland and people determines the attitude towards other countries and peoples, and vice versa, the attitude towards other countries and peoples determines the attitude towards one’s own country and people. The essence of modern Russian patriotism is described as a harmonious balance between constructive humanistic patriotism and humanistic internationalism. In addition, the problem of forming constructive patriotism in the Russian mass consciousness, which should replace the liberal ideologies of cosmopolitanism and globalism, is discussed. These ideologies are viewed as destructive forms of internationalism, which promote the erasure of the socio-cultural identity of nations and deny national patriotism.

НАЦИОНАЛЬНО-КУЛЬТУРНОЕ САМООПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ЭТНИЧЕСКИХ СООБЩЕСТВ КАБАРДИНО-БАЛКАРСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАК СОСТАВЛЯЮЩАЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ

The study investigates the phenomena of national-cultural self-determination of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic ethnic communities in the framework of Russian civic identity. The main di-rections of scientific research devoted to national-cultural self-determination and its relationship with civil identity are examined, as well as how the wide diversity of the ethnic composition of the country’s population or its individual region necessarily places the task of maintaining stabil-ity in the sphere of interethnic relations on the shoulders of the leadership. The Kabardino-Balkarian Republic’s legal backing and control of national relations, as well as the operation of national cultural centers, are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the activities of the Ka-bardino-Balkarian Republic’s Ministry of National Affairs and public projects aimed at achieving civil, interethnic, and interfaith harmony in the region.

Nation-Building in Kazakhstan: Ethno-Confessional Contexts

The scientific article is devoted to current issues - the study of the development of nation-building and the unique model of interethnic and interfaith relations in Kazakhstan.Aim. To propose a periodization of the main stages of transformational and socio-political processes of nation-building in the Republic of Kazakhstan, at each of which the corresponding regulatory legal acts of their legitimization were adopted.Tasks. To analyze the periods of development of nation-building, changes in the sphere of interethnic relations in the republic over the years of independence, in accordance with the constitutional reform approved in a popular referendum on June 5, 2022. Conduct a political analysis of the transformation into the socio-political practice of the fundamental principle of the Basic Law of the country — “public harmony” and in general in the regulation of interethnic relations.Methods. To substantiate the results of the study, a variety of scientific methods were used, reflecting the peculiarities of the development of national development. Taking into account the specifics of ethno-political and integration processes in the social and regional context, determining their nature, comparative analysis, prolegomens, communication platforms and social networks were used. The methods of crowdsourcing, forsyth, road map are widely used.Results. The management of ethno-professional processes is undoubtedly one of the most important aspects of the functioning of the State and the tasks of society. The competent definition of problem areas allows for the development of preventive measures and the avoidance of both inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic tensions and the minimization of negative impact on the development of State and religious relations. The proposed recommendations will improve the mechanisms and tools of ethno-political management in State national policy, consolidate the model of social harmony and national unity in political documents and legislative practice.Conclusions. The effective Kazakh model of ethno-confessional harmony is based on two main components: popular representation as a reflection of the political integration of Kazakhstanis and coverage of the entire spectrum of legal ethnicities and confessions in socio-political processes. The creation and activities of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, during the years of independence, as a key socio-political structure in national politics, acts as an instrument of direct democracy and is, in fact, a people’s representation.

CONSENT STRATEGY AS A CONDITION FOR OVERCOMING WORLD CRISES

The contemporary world is in a state of global crisis. Therefore, today, more than ever, there is a need for a consent between individuals and people, coordination of actions, and mutual assistance. The value of consent increases many times in extreme situations: during the years of world wars or in the context of epidemics, pandemics, or natural disasters. Consent acts as a condition for overcoming crises and the main mechanism for the post-crisis reorganization of the world. Thus, in determining the essence of consent, not an abstract general, but a specific approach is needed. This article refers to the positive meaning of the concept of consent as a system-forming side of the universal connection, as an internal background that makes the connection harmonious and strong. As for the conditions of social consent, the first of them should include the commonality of the main worldview attitudes. It is formed on the basis of a communicative-rational type of consent and can work effectively in the field of interfaith relations. Another important condition for consent is the socio-ethical imperatives. This condition goes back to a voluntary type of consent and works effectively in the sphere of interethnic relations. A wide variety of structures can act as arbitrators in bringing the conflicting parties to a public agreement. On a global scale, these are, for example, the UN; in Kazakhstan, it is the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan.

100 лет СССР и 30 лет без СССР: уроки истории и современность (обзор)

This article is devoted to the centenary of the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, to the understanding of its history and development, primarily, in the sphere of interethnic relations and nation building, to the key periods of this process and its results, achievements and problems, as well as to the strengths and weaknesses of the Soviet historical project as an alternative way of world development. The paper presents a review and analysis of the main trends in Russian and foreign historiography on nation building in the USSR and Soviet ethnopolitical issues in the context of a general consideration of the Soviet historical and political project. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the reasons for the country’s collapse and discussions on this subject in Russian and foreign literature. Key versions as well as objective and subjective factors are considered, including the significance of the crisis phenomena and actions in the sphere of interethnic relations, the rise of nationalism, chauvinism and separatism, as well as the strengthening of centrifugal tendencies. Further, the paper describes the main consequences of the collapse of the Soviet Union and its historical lessons, as well as the results of the development of post-Soviet states during the last thirty years. In addition, the author analyses Russian public opinion polls on the dissolution of the USSR. The article points out how the centenary of the Soviet Union can be used to enhance patriotism and form historical memory in the Russian citizens in the context of the country’s current efforts to gather the “Russian world” and promote the Russian language and culture globally.

Perceptions of Russians of the impact of ethnicity on social advancement (on the example of the labour sphere)

In multi-ethnic societies, the distribution of economic resources and observance of the citizens rights is inevitably viewed through the prism of ethnicity. Not only real, but also imaginary (existing only in people's ideas) ethnic inequality carries the threat of interethnic tension and social disintegration. The article assesses the prevalence of opinions about the influence of nationality on the possibilities of social advancement (on the example of the labour sphere) in the all-Russian context. The first part analyses the relationship of socio-demographic characteristics (age, level of education, type of settlement, economic status, employment structure) and belief in the influence of nationality on employment and entrepreneurial activity in the place of residence. In the second part, the ethnic marking of the labour sphere is considered in connection with settings in the sphere of interethnic relations and the real practice of perceived ethnic discrimination.
 For the empirical basis of the study there was used the data of the all-Russian survey of the adult population, conducted in 2020 by the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISRAS) in 22 regions, representing the regional diversity of the Russian Federation, taking into account the type of settlement (sample size - 2000 respondents).
 The analysis showed that not all socio-demographic characteristics are associated with the formation of ideas about the ethnic conditionality of the labour sphere. In the all-Russian dimension, there is no connection with education, financial situation, or the structure of respondents' employment. Significant factors turned out to be age, type of settlement, type of ownership of the enterprise where the respondent works. The attitudes of respondents in the field of interethnic relations, the presence of ethnic prejudice, as well as the actual practice of perceived discrimination based on nationality, have a much stronger influence on the ideas under study. However, due to the low spread of this practice, it is concluded that the opinions formed by a significant part of Russians about the ethnic marking of employment and entrepreneurial activity should be considered as stereotypes that have developed due to the historical context of the country, and not as a result of a real infringement of rights in this area of life.

INTERETHNIC RELATIONS AND MIGRATION SITUATION IN ALTAI TERRITORY BASED ON SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Issues concerning interethnic relations in the Russian Federation as a multinational state, are relevant. They are especially important in the border regions of the country. Scientific analysis of ways and mechanisms of harmonization of interethnic relations is of great importance for maintaining the socio-political, economic stability of modern society, as well as social harmony in the region. The following indicators are considered: the specifics of national identity (the degree of closeness with people of the same nationality, the risk of dissolving into the culture of other peoples); changes in interethnic relations in the region over the past five years; access to public benefits for people of different nationalities (receiving guaranteed social, medical, educational services, chances of employment, developing their business, holding high positions in government); attitudes towards migrants and the migration situation in general (the region's residents' assessments of migrants living in the region, attitudes towards them, the need to attract them to the region and support them by the Russian government, possible measures to establish good neighborly relations between migrants and the local population, the role of national diasporas in harmonizing such relations, the impact of population migration on the situation in the region as a whole). The practical value of the study lies in the presentation of current assessments of residents of Altai krai about interethnic relations and the migration situation in the region. The empirical basis is the data from a sociological study implemented in the Altai krai (n = 400) by the research team of the Altai State University. The obtained data were analyzed using the methods of mathematical and statistical data processing (SPSS 23.0 statistical package). It is noted that people who have experienced the spread of infringement of rights due to nationality are more likely than others to be at risk of losing their nationality; in the absence of a sufficient number of chances to receive high-quality free education, medical care, social services; negative attitudes towards migrants. The regional situation in the sphere of interethnic relations is not acute and tense, however, regular monitoring, a set of measures aimed at establishing friendly relations between different nationalities, between migrants and the population in the Altai krai.

ҚОРАҚАЛПОҒИСТОНРЕСПУБЛИКАСИ ТУРКМАН МИЛЛИЙ МАДАНИЙ МАРКАЗИ

Interethnic harmony is one of the priority directions of every state policy, and all conditions havebeen created for the representatives of every nation living in our country to find their place in society. In studying the sphere of interethnic relations, it is of great importance to study the social role of each ethnic group, the activities of nationaland cultural centers.The article examines the role of the Turkmen nation in the national composition of the Republic of Karakalpakstan during the years of independence, its geographical position, analysis by year, the activities of the Turkmen National Cultural Center, the role of the center in strengthening interethnic relations

СТУДЕНТЫ-ИНОСТРАНЦЫ В РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ РЕАЛИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ: МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫЙ ОПЫТ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

The article highlights various approaches and plots of the research of foreign students studying in Russian higher school, from the standpoint of the accumulated theoretical and applied experience in the disciplinary practices of social humanitarian sciences. Considered separately, disciplinary practices in the aggregate of key areas and research problems of this topic made it possible to identify a common layer of problem areas and topical issues, among which the problems of adaptation of foreign students to the social and cultural realities of the Russian educational polyethnic environment, to regional conditions and factors of the functioning of the system of education and the sphere of interethnic relations are most emphasized. It is shown that the methods and methodological models proposed by scientists for studying this problem are diverse and need to be rethought from the point of view of the changed educational and sociocultural realities, as well as the contingent of the foreign students themselves. The need to develop a sociological toolkit for studying the problem of integrating foreign students into the educational and ethnosocial space of Russia is substantiated.

Problems of socio-economic development of national districts and village councils in the Ukrainian SSR in 1920–1930 s: legal aspects

The article considers the legal aspects of socio-economic development of national districts and village councils in the Ukrainian SSR in the 1920 s and 1930 s.It is established that during the 1920 s and 1930 s the legal policy on the socio-economic development of the territories of compact residence of the national minorities of the USSR had different tendencies and different intensity of implementation. At the stage of the establishment of Soviet power, the essence of the national policy of the Bolsheviks was mainly to equalize the rights of representatives of different nationalities. At the same time, national equality in the USSR was enshrined at the constitutional level and proclaimed in all social spheres: political and legal, socio-economic and cultural-national. It was found that the equal redistribution of landholdings of foreign colonists in favour of Ukrainian or Russian peasants led to the liquidation of national parishes and economic decline of national minorities, as well as increased emigration among colonists and laid the groundwork for worsening interethnic relations.It is proved that the policy of indigenization initiated in the mid-1920 s, which extended to the socioeconomic sphere, contributed to the more active involvement of national minorities in productive activities, improving their socio-economic situation, increasing their political activity and culture, overcoming tensions. Sphere of interethnic relations. The refusal of the Soviet leadership in the early 1930 s from the achievements of the national policy of the 1920 s led to growing dissatisfaction among national minorities and protests, as well as aggravated interethnic relations in the USSR. The necessity of taking into account socio-economic factors in the process of legal regulation of interethnic relations is substantiated

Social justice in inter-ethnic relations

The article deals with the analysis of social justice as a universal value that determines the evaluation of social practices in all the spheres of social life. But the study of such an evaluation of society in the sphere of interethnic relations is faced with a number of theoretical problems. The authors show that when evaluating interethnic relations in accordance with the criterion of social justice, due to the ambiguous interpretation of their meaning, it is necessary to rely on an interdisciplinary approach. An important area of this analysis is the correlation of the theoretical understanding of ethnicity and the practice of state building in the context of the cultural diversity of the population. Two strategies for achieving social justice in the sphere of interethnic relations are shown: the building of the SU ethno-nations and the building of the RF nation with securing civil rights in the sphere of the implementation of ethno-cultural identity and providing conditions for the development of ethno-cultural diversity.

Конфликтогенные факторы миграции: специфика Дальневосточного федерального округа

The article analyzes the conflict-generating factors of migration processes in the Far Eastern Federal District, which affect not only changes in the demographic composition of the population, but also form new interethnic relations, which have recently been most often perceived by the local popula- tion negatively and acquire a conflict-generating connotation. A feature of the migration processes in the Far Eastern Federal District is the fact that the inflow of migrants occurs against the background of the incessant outflow of the local population of Slavic origin. Such shifts in the structure of the population lead to a deterioration of the socio-economic situation and interethnic conflicts, in which both external migrants and the local population are involved. Formed migration trends require an integrated approach to the regulation of migration, which cannot be provided with only one program for the resettlement of compatriots in the Far Eastern Federal District. Unfortunately, the absence of any other state programs in the field of migration does not exist today, which sig- nificantly complicates the already tense situation in the region. Special emphasis in the article is made on the sphere of interethnic relations and social adaptation of migrants. The lack of attention of the regional authorities to solving these problems poses a threat not only to national, but also to the cultural and social security of society. The author offers recommendations on the effectiveness of the policy in the field of interethnic relations and the adaptation of migrants.

СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЭТНОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИМИ ПРОЦЕССАМИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ НАЦИОНАЛИСТИЧЕСКОГО РАДИКАЛИЗМА ВО ВЛАДИМИРСКОМ РЕГИОНЕ

The article considers three stages of the formation of a regional system of ethnopolitical management by the example of the Vladimir region. It indicates that the process proceeded in three stages and was accompanied by the sequential formation and reform of structures of the executive power and local self-government. It is noted that each passed stage was characterized by the predominant use of a particular management method: the situational, system-integrated or program-oriented. The author emphasizes that there is a direct connection between the nature of the ethnopolitical situation in the region and the methods of controlling the ethnopolitical processes. She proves that it is a system-integrated approach to the regulation of ethno-political processes that allowed to push out nationalist forces from the region, get out of the period of lasting stabilization in the sphere of interethnic relations. The issue of the influence of “protective nationalism” on the ethnopolitical situation in the Vladimir region is examined and an assessment is made of the consequences of applying that ideology to the state of interethnic relations in the region. The structure and main elements of the system of management of interethnic relations in the Vladimir region are described. The conclusion is made about the functioning in the region of a three-tier management vertical (federal center-region-municipalities) and of an effective system for implementing the state national policy.

Legal Regulation in the Sphere of Interethnic Relations in Kazakhstan

Legal Regulation in the Sphere of Interethnic Relations in Kazakhstan

Possibilities of the Implementation of Foreign Experience of Value Policy in the Sphere of Interethnic Relations on Russian Conditions

Insufficient effectiveness of the administrative model of the national policy in Russian society implies a transition to new paradigmatic grounds for management practices in the field of interethnic relations, including taking into account the possibility of the implementation of foreign experience of value policy. The article reveals the difficulties, possibilities and prospects for the implementation of the experience of politics of values in the US and FRG in Russian conditions. It is concluded that value policy allows you to get rid of the administrative syndrome in Russian society, overcome the limitations of only the legal ʽmechanismsʽ for regulating inter-ethnic relations and move on to the communicative model of national politics.

Государственно-общественное партнерство в сфере межнациональных отношений

Государственно-общественное партнерство в сфере межнациональных отношений

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ПРИГРАНИЧНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ: ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНЫЙ АСПЕКТ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of ethnic processes in the context of social security of the border territories of Russia. As a result of conducting an empirical study using the questionnaire was analyzed matrices of identification of the population of border areas, separate components of ethnic identity; were examined identification of respondents with varying degrees of actuality of ethnicity, and the current state of interethnic relations. The results of the research show that ethnic identity is one of the most significant types of social identification. It is shown that International consent is an important factor in ensuring the security of the border areas. Ethnic processes in these regions have their own characteristics, the actualization of identification by ethnicity is facilitated by the polyethnic nature of the bordering societies and the facts of negative manifestations in the sphere of interethnic relations.

Межнациональные отношения в России в конце XIX — начале XX веков

The question is raised on interethnic relations in the late 19th - early 20th century in Russia, especially in the ethnic environment of the North Caucasus. It is noted that Russia differed from other countries by the fact that in the new territories it was not looking for sources of raw materials for industrial development and markets. The measures are shown to resolve the conflicts that have inevitably arisen in the areas of compact settlement of several nations. The relevance of the study is determined by the task to provide a reliable and efficient management of the country, occupying a vast territory with a diverse population. Scientific novelty consists in increasing the level of scientific and theoretical understanding of the goals, means and mechanisms of functioning of the Russian system of state management of national regions. The conception of development of the Russian state system of management of small peoples is formulated. This conception is based on well-documented hypothesis that the functioning of the means and mechanisms of influence on the situation in the outlying areas of the state gradually transformed into a policy of strengthening of positions of power in the national regions. The author believes that it is important to show the real situation in the sphere of interethnic relations in the North Caucasus in this period.

CONSTITUTIONAL-LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN KAZAKHSTAN

Ponte Academic JournalDec 2016, Volume 72, Issue 12 CONSTITUTIONAL-LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN KAZAKHSTANAuthor(s): Saimova Sholpan ,Khairmukhanmedov Nurbek, Syrlybayev MaratJ. Ponte - Dec 2016 - Volume 72 - Issue 12 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2016.12.11 Abstract:The article deals with the constitutional and legal aspects of inter-ethnic relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The historical development of the nation-state building process in Kazakhstan was described after the independence. Main factors influencing the nation state building process was identified and also urgent problems of the inter-ethnic policy were highlighted. Additionally, the challenges of the legal regulations in the sphere of the inter-ethnic policy, lack of the institutional and legal aspects of the nation-state building process in Kazakhstan were discussed in this article. An analysis of the situation in this field has allowed to establish the constitutional and legal basis of the model of civil peace and social harmony of Kazakh society. Additionally, revealed the key role of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan as the main social, political and legal institution in the sphere of inter-ethnic relations in Kazakhstan. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Особенности проявления этнической толерантности в малых социальных группах в моно- и полиэтничном регионах России

The population of the Russian Federation has a multi-ethnic structure, which includes over 180 large ethnicities and numerous smaller ethnic groups. One of the most important conditions for long-term development of a multicultural society is peaceful coexistence of ethnic groups and their representatives. This determines the need for and the importance of cultural expression of ethnic tolerance among all peoples of Russia, thus making the scientific study of the problem of tolerance. The article is devoted to the description and analysis of ethno-national relations and public policy in this area. Russia’s legislation in the field of regulating interethnic relations has developed to include significant innovations. Among the documents adopted and implemented are the Strategy of State Ethnic Policy in the Russian Federation until 2025 (and its action plan for the years 2013–2015), the Federal target program “Strengthening the Unity of the Russian Nation and the Ethnic and Cultural Development of the Peoples of Russia (2014–2020)” and others. These documents have laid the corner stone for the contemporary ethnic and national policies aimed at achieving long-term results. At the same time they suffer from fragmentation and are in need of coordinating their main objectives, directions and most efficient methods and mechanisms of implementation. The article presents the results of a sociological study “Peculiarities of Ethnic Tolerance in Mono- and Polyethnic Regions of Russia” carried out by the authors in January — October 2014 in Yaroslavl and Vologda Oblasts, as well as in the Republic of Dagestan. To solve the current problems in the sphere of interethnic relations, we need to improve the fundamental provisions of legal acts covering and guiding the state ethnic policy of the Russian Federation. Also required is profound analysis of the key indicators of how well the regional and municipal legislations of the constituent subjects of the Russian Federation comply with the main legal provisions at the federal level. Promotion of cultural heritage and other suchlike programs can also be of use.