Spermatorrhea Research Articles

Investigation of sexual function and health status of offsprings in male kidney transplantation recipients

Objective The researchers sought to investigate and evaluate sexual function in male kidney transplantation recipients and their offsprings' health condition. Methods 90 male kidney trans-plantation recipients who had a normal sex life before their kidney failure and had good renal graft function after transplantation fell into the inclusion criterion. The method of questionnaire survey was used to investi-gated and evaluate the time of first spermatorrhea, viability of sex activities, frequency and sexual intercourse satisfaction of sex activities, procreation status, growth and intelligence status of the offsprings. Semen routine tests before and after the transplantation were needed. Results Hyposexuality or sexual function declina-tion was found in all of the 90 cases of recipients. And after surgery, sexual function of the recipients im-proved obviously, following the graft function gradually regained. 81 patients had spermatorrhea in the first 1 to 3 months post transplantation, and other 9 cases did not have spermatorrhea because of sexual life. Postoperative 84 male patients began to have sex in 2 to 4 months with 92.86% rate of satisfaction, except for the other 6 refusing to have sex because of worrying about graft damage by sex. 100 children were born by 90 recipients postoperatively, growth and intelligence status of them showed no significant difference com-paring with the children of the same age. No transplant graft failure or rejection was found after the recipients gave birth to children. Conclusions After kidney transplantation, male recipients' sexual function could re-turn to normal. It's safe that male recipients could give birth to children under their doctor's the guidance, and the growth and intelligence status of their offsprings were normal. Key words: Kidney transplantation; Male; Sexual function; Children

Differences in anthropometric measurements between Mongolia boys and Han boys in China

To analyze the difference in anthropometric measurements between Mongolia boys and Han boys in China and understand the characteristics of children's physical development in two ethnic groups. The data on anthropometric measurements of Mongolia boys and Han boys in Inner Mongolia were obtained from the National Survey on Student's Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) conducted in 2010, the data included body height, sitting height, chest circumference, body weight, triceps skinfold thickness (TST), scapular skinfold thickness (SST), abdominal skinfold thickness (AST), living area (urban area or rural area), and having spermatorrhea or not. The boys in two ethnic groups were divided into two groups according to the data about spermatorrhea, the living area specific difference in the anthropometric measurements between the boys in two ethnic groups were analyzed. The proportions of Han boys having spermatorrhea at 11, 12, 14 years old (0, 3.2% , 62.5%) were higher than those of Mongolia boys (8.1%, 15.3%, 76.0%, all P < 0.05). In the boys who had had no spermatorrhea (11-14 years old), the body height of Han boys was 1.4 cm higher than that of Mongolia boys (P < 0.01), however, there were no significant differences in sitting height, chest circumference, body weight, TST, SST,AST and BMI between Han boys and Mongolia boys (all P > 0.05). In the boys who had had spermatorrhea (12-17 years old), the body height, sitting height, chest circumference, body weight, SST, BMI of Han boys were 1.8 cm,0.6 cm, 3.1 cm, 3.1 kg, 1.7 mm and 0.7 kg/m(2) higher than those of Mongolia boys, respectively (all P < 0.05), however, the differences in TST and AST between Han boys and Mongolia boys were not statistical significant (all P > 0.05). The body height of Han boys might be higher than that of Mongolia boys, and in those who had had spermatorrhea, the sitting height, chest circumference, body weight, SST and BMI of Han boys might be higher than those of Mongolia boys, the differences in anthropometric measurements between Mongolia boys and Han boys who had had spermatorrhea or not might be different.

Summary of surgical experience of 14 cases hermaphroditism

Objective To evaluate the surgical therapy for hermaphrodites.Methods Retrospective analysis the clinical data of 14 cases of different types of hermaphrodites treated in our hospital from Jan.1995 to Dec.2012,including 4 cases of female pseudohermaphrodite,2 cases of male sex reversal syndrome,3 cases of male pseudohermaphrodite and 5 cases of true hermaphrodites.The gender selection and the following surgical treatment were provided according to patients' protopathy,age,social gender,their desires and their parents' wishes.Results Out of 14 cases,10 cases were operated to women (4 cases of female pseudohermaphrodite,1 case of male pseudohermaphrodite,5 cases of true hermaphrodites),4 patients were operated to men (2 cases of male sex reversal syndrome,2 cases of male pseudohermaphrodite).The operation is relatively easy for the patients who are operated to female,and they all have well developed secondary sexual characteristics and satisfied sexual function after 3 to l0 years of follow-up.For the 4 patients who were operated to male,their penis and testicles are well developed,and 1 case had already entered adolescent period,whose morning erection can be seen normally but no spermatorrhea detected.Further observation is necessary to decide whether he has reproductive function.Conclusions The diagnosis and treatment for children external genitalia malformations should be taken as early as possible.A reasonable choice of gender,the appropriate surgical correction,and hormone replacement therapy in some cases,are feasible treatment with satisfactory effect. Key words: Hermaphroditism; Surgical procedures, elective

Association between physical development and spermatorrhea during puberty among boys aged 11 to 15 years in China

To explore the association between spermatorrhea and physical development during puberty for boys aged 11 to 15 years old in China. The height, weight, chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference and the station of spermatorrhea of boys aged 11-15 years old were selected from the data of 2010 National Survey on Students Constitution and Health. Body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio were calculated. After 1: 1 random matching in every 0.1 year of age, 6880 boys (3440 with spermatorrhea and 3440 without spermatorrhea) were included in our study. t-test was used to analyze differences in anthropometry measurements between boys with spermatorrhea and boys without spermatorrhea in each age group. Multilevel model was used to analyze the relationship between anthropometry measurements and spermatorrhea. A total of 6880 boys were put in this research. Heights of boys with spermatorrhea aged 11 to 15 years old were (150.96 ± 8.01), (159.46 ± 8.03), (163.76 ± 7.43), (167.03 ± 7.12) and (169.50 ± 6.64) cm, respectively, while heights of boys without spermatorrhea aged 11 to 15 were (147.38 ± 6.54), (153.55 ± 8.68), (160.35 ± 8.66), (164.44 ± 7.98) and (167.98 ± 7.80) cm, respectively. The differences were significant (t values were 3.70, 9.96, 10.76, 8.26, and 3.21 respectively with all P values < 0.01). of multilevel analysis showed that the differences of weight were the largest from 11 to 13 years old, boys with spermatorrhea having a 4.20, 7.23 and 3.93 kg (Waldχ(2) values were 13.11, 70.73 and 72.93 respectively, all P values < 0.01) larger weight than boys without spermatorrhea, respectively. Differences of height were the largest from 14 to 15 years old, boys with spermatorrhea having a 2.81 and 1.99 cm (Waldχ(2) values were 87.80 and 19.54, P < 0.01) larger height than boys without spermatorrhea. The trends of the differences between boys with spermatorrhea and boys without spermatorrhea (β value) with age were parabolic on weight, BMI, height, chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist to height ratio. The β values reached maximum at 12 years old, which were 7.23 kg, 1.64 kg/m(2), 5.55 cm, 4.40 cm, 4.63 cm, 4.94 cm, and 0.015, respectively. The β values reached minimum at 15 years old, which were -0.39 kg, -0.56 kg/m(2), 1.99 cm, -0.57 cm, -1.59 cm, -0.42 cm and -0.015, respectively. There is an association between spermatorrhea and physical development among boys aged 11 to 15 years in China , which has a parabolic trend with age.

Association between sleep duration and puberty blood pressure among students aged 9 to 17 years in China

To explore the association between sleep duration and the level of puberty blood pressure of students aged 9 to 17 years in China. The data were from physical fitness and health research of chinese school students in 2010. A total of 123 919 boys aged 11 to 17 years and girls aged 9 to 17 years were included in our study, whose record of height, weight, blood pressure, sleep duration and first spermatorrhea/menarche were performed. Students were grouped as relative enough sleep duration group and short sleep duration group by their sleep duration reported. The level of blood pressure, as well as the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP), was compared between different sleep duration groups, and multilevel model was used and analyzed the relationship between sleep duration and blood pressure. 123 919 students were surveyed in this study, including 52 549 boys and 71 370 girls. The mean blood pressure of boys was 109.41/67.05 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), 30 830 boys (58.7%) experienced first spermatorrhea, and 18 692 boys (35.6%) were defined as relative enough sleep duration. The mean level blood pressure of girls surveyed was 103.65/65.12 mm Hg, 46 031 girls (64.5%) experienced menarche, and 23 143 girls (32.4%) were defined as relative enough sleep duration. Among the boys without first spermatorrhea, 7481 boys (34.4%) were defined as relative enough sleep duration, whose mean blood pressure was 105.25/65.01 mm Hg and prevalence of HBP was 4.3% (325/7481), and 14 238 boys (65.6%) were defined as short sleep duration, whose mean blood pressure was 105.9/65.27 mm Hg and prevalence of HBP was 5.6% (802/14 238), boys with relative enough sleep duration showed a significant lower blood pressure level and the prevalence of HBP compared with boys with short sleep duration (F = 15.38, P < 0.01;χ(2) = 16.55, P < 0.01). Among girls without menarche, 9311 girls (36.7%) were defined as relative enough sleep duration, whose mean blood pressure was 100.47/63.25 mm Hg and prevalence of HBP was 2.9% (271/9311), 16 028 girls (63.3%) were defined as short sleep duration, whose mean blood pressure was 101.06/63.57 mm Hg and prevalence of HBP was 3.3% (536/16 028), girls with relative enough sleep duration showed a lower level of blood pressure compared with girls with short sleep duration (F = 17.44 and 7.11, respectively, all P values < 0.01). Among girls experienced menarche, 13 832 girls (30.0%) were defined as relative enough sleep duration, whose mean blood pressure was 105.27/66.19 mm Hg and prevalence of HBP was 6.25% (864/13 832), and 32 199(70.0%) girls were defined as short sleep duration, whose mean blood pressure was 105.12/66.19 mm Hg and prevalence of HBP was 6.0% (1924/32 199), girls with relative enough sleep duration showed significant higher level of blood pressure than girls with short sleep duration (F = 5.98, P = 0.015). After adjustment of region, BMI, height, age and urban/rural area by multilevel model, the level of systolic pressure decreased 0.18 mm Hg with 1 h increase of sleep duration among boys without first spermatorrhea (Wald χ(2) = 7.27, P = 0.007), the level of diastolic pressure decreased 0.13 mm Hg with 1 h increase of sleep duration among girls without menstruation (Wald χ(2) = 5.52, P = 0.019), and the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure increased 0.19 mm Hg and 0.14 mm Hg with 1 h increase of sleep duration among girls with menstruation, respectively (Wald χ(2) = 13.47 and 9.94, respectively, all P values < 0.01). Short sleep duration may be one of the influential factors of HBP during puberty.