Spending Time Research Articles

Time Spent on Social Media and Associations with Mental Health in Young Adults: Examining TikTok, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Youtube, Snapchat, and Reddit

Abstract Time spent on social media has been an inconsistent predictor of mental health outcomes in young people. However, most studies have assessed social media use globally, with few investigations of the relative influence of specific social media platforms, which may partially account for mixed findings. Furthermore, studies often focus on a single mental health outcome, limiting understanding of how social media relates to psychological well-being. The purpose of the current study was to examine associations between time spent on multiple popular social media platforms and a variety of mental health-related outcomes in a sample of young adults. Participants included 575 young adults who completed an online survey assessing self-reported time spent on Twitter, TikTok, YouTube, Instagram, Reddit, Snapchat, and Facebook as well as depression, anxiety, PTSD, loneliness, friend support, and self-esteem. Path analyses showed that in the overall sample, greater use of Tiktok and YouTube were consistently associated with more mental health issues, whereas greater use of Snapchat was associated with fewer mental health issues. Models examining results for men and women separately suggested that use of Tiktok was more relevant in women’s mental health, whereas use of Reddit was more relevant in men’s mental health. Findings highlight that associations are not uniform across social media platforms. More research is needed that compares individual platforms and their relationship to psychological well-being as well as future studies examining how gender impacts findings.

Evaluation of a content-based image retrieval system for radiologists in high-resolution CT of interstitial lung diseases

BackgroundThis retrospective study aims to evaluate the impact of a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) application on diagnostic accuracy and confidence in interstitial lung disease (ILD) assessment using high-resolution computed tomography CT (HRCT).MethodsTwenty-eight patients with verified pattern-based ILD diagnoses were split into two equal datasets (1 and 2). The images were assessed by two radiology residents (3rd and 5th year) and one expert radiologist in four sessions. Dataset 1 was used for sessions A and C, assessing diagnostic accuracy and confidence with mandatory and without CBIR software. Dataset 2 was used for sessions B and D with optional CBIR use, assessing time spending and frequency of CBIR usage. Accuracy was assessed on the CT pattern level, comparing readers’ diagnoses with reference diagnoses and CBIR results with region-of-interest (ROI) patterns.ResultsDiagnostic accuracy and confidence of readers showed an increasing trend with CBIR use compared to no CBIR use (53.6% versus 35.7% and 50.0% versus 32.2%, respectively). Time for reading significantly decreased in both datasets (A versus C: 104 s versus 54 s, p < 0.001; B versus D: 88.5 s versus 70 s, p = 0.009), whereas time for research increased with CBIR software use (A versus C: 31 s versus 81 s, p = 0.040). CBIR results showed a high pattern-based accuracy of overall 73.4%. Comparison between readers indicates a slightly higher accuracy of CBIR results when more than one ROI was used as input (77.7% versus 70.1%).ConclusionCBIR software improves in-training radiologist diagnostic accuracy and confidence while reducing interpretation time in ILD assessment.Relevance statementContent-based image retrieval software improves the assessment of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) in high-resolution CT, especially for radiology residents, by increasing diagnostic accuracy and confidence while reducing interpretation time. This can provide educational benefits and more time-efficient management of complex cases.Key PointsA content-based image retrieval (CBIR) software improves diagnostic accuracy and confidence for in-training radiologists for interstitial lung disease (ILD) assessment on computed tomography (CT).A CBIR application provides condensed information about similar HRCT cases reducing time for ILD assessment.CBIR algorithms benefit from the input of multiple regions of interest per ILD case.Graphical

Association Between Mortality and Time Spent Out of Bed in Older-Adult Nursing Home Residents.

For older adults, spending time out of bed is important for preventing functional decline, but its relationship to mortality is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between mortality and time spent out of bed in Japanese older-adult nursing home residents. We conducted a cohort study using data from the Long-term Care Information System for Evidence database. We used data collected between April 2022 and March 2024 from older-adult nursing home residents who required assistance with the activities of daily living. We compared outcome data between residents who spent 6 or more hours per day out of bed (group L) and those who spent less than 6 hours per day out of bed (group S). The outcome was all-cause mortality. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models. Data from 185 older-adult nursing home residents (median age: 89years; 141 women) were analyzed. Group L included 144 residents (77.8% of all participants). Of the 185 participants, 40 died during the observation period. Mortality in group L was significantly lower than in group S (16.7% vs 39.0%, P= .002). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis after the log-rank test revealed a significantly higher mortality in group S than group L. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses with robust (Huber-White) standard errors identified the factor of time spent out of bed (≥6h) as a significant and independent risk factor for mortality. More time spent out of bed is associated with lower mortality in older-adult nursing home residents who require assistance with the activities of daily living.

Grounding: An Anti-Aging Breakthrough?

Directly touching the earth outside connects our conductive human body to the natural electrical output of the earth, a holistic healing practice known as grounding. This direct contact immediately grounds the entire human body from head to toe, as all of the living cells and tissues and fluids of the body are highly conductive and become grounded to the earth nearly instantaneously. Although in medicine we are very familiar with monitoring the electrical activity of the body to diagnose disease (such as using an electrocardiogram to evaluate heart function or an electroencephalogram to evaluate brain function) much less is known about supporting the conductive health of the body in a preventive, proactive way. Over the past several decades, numerous studies have started to reveal the incredible health benefits from spending time in grounded contact with the earth, and these studies suggest that not only are there immediate health benefits to grounding, but that these benefits accrue over time. That begs the question, if one practices grounding routinely over an entire lifetime, could this healing modality potentially be anti-aging, boosting the resiliency of all the different organ systems it supports and ultimately, extending longevity? This review article examines what we know so far from medical studies on grounding and suggests possible pathways that grounding to the earth may in fact offer long term benefits to the body, including protecting muscle mass, bone density, sleep quality, cognitive function and skin health, which together just might protect against age related health changes, decreasing the development of frailty, and increasing health span.

ADDRESSING THE NURSING WORKFORCE GAP IN SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES WITH AN AGE-FRIENDLY CURRICULUM

Abstract Skilled nursing home quality and staffing are positively correlated. Staffing shortages have been a long-standing problem however, COVID-19 exacerbated the issue. Currently, more than one in four US nursing homes report staff shortages, especially those in direct care to residents, nurse aides and nurses. To encourage workforce growth, a 12-module virtual curriculum was developed including Age-Friendly Health Systems care, interprofessional teamwork, and other relevant topics. Each module included a recorded didactic, pre-post module quizzes, discussion boards, and supplemental videos and articles. Trainees also spent 10 hours shadowing the interprofessional team in a skilled nursing facility. Two cohorts of undergraduate senior nursing students (n=18, and n=35), nurse assistants in training (n=9, cohort 1), and social work students (n=9, cohort 2) have been trained. Outcome measure were pre and post-education using surveys: Nursing Home Attitude, PES-NWI work environment, and ISVS-9 for teamwork attitude. Results of the first nursing cohort rated the highest nursing home attitude items: ability to provide comfort, flexible scheduling and spending time with clients with the lowest rating for working with persons with dementia. The PES-NWI survey showed highest concern for teamwork, adequate staffing and supportive administration with the lowest concern related to use of nursing diagnoses. The ISVS showed similarities pre and post with highest scores for client involvement in care and importance to work as a team, and lowest for comfort leading a team. Administrators of skilled nursing and educators can use this information to close the gap on improving interest in this setting for new graduates.

'Library' in the Language Consciousness of Modern Students: from a Book Depository to a Cultural and Educational Hub (Based on a Free Associative Experiment)

Objective. The purpose of the given paper is to record modern students’ perception and interpretation of the library phenomenon, build associative field of the considered stimulus word, and analyze it in details. Basic options for the traditional and updated contextual compatibility of the lexeme library as an educational center, modern enlightening and cultural hub were presented and described in the article. Methods. In order to achieve the stated goal free associative experiment was conducted. General scientific methods of observation, comparison, generalization, description and systematization, as well as linguistic methods of linguistic observation and description were also utilized. Results. The results illustrate expansion of the connecting possibilities of the lexeme library and the transformation in its perception by Ukrainian and foreign students. Conclusions. The study proves that the interpretation of the library phenomenon by modern students doesn’t contradict codified meaning of the lexeme under consideration. Library is associated with learning, reading literature, acquiring new knowledge, skills and abilities. At the same time, the concept of the library has been expanded to correlate it with a renewed space for studying, spending free time, holidays, organizing events, and communicating with acquaintances.

Veterinary Student Skills Learned at an Access to Care Clinic: Beyond Medicine and Surgery.

Incorporating curriculum to effectively help veterinary students learn how to provide accessible quality care to all pet owners is needed. The primary aims of this study are to explore how a 2-week rotation at a veterinary medical service-learning clinic (Wisconsin Companion Animal Resources, Education, and Social Services [WisCARES]) improves (a) comfort in working with clients from diverse race and low socioeconomic (SOCI) backgrounds and (2) confidence in leading cases, communication skills, and providing a spectrum of care options. Students were surveyed at five time points pre-rotation: mid-week 1, mid-week 2, end of rotation, and 1-month post. A total of 115 survey series were at least partially completed. Of the 97 responses that include background information, 68 (70%) students reported having "no to a few weeks" of experience working with diverse or low SOCI populations. When comparing themselves to before starting the rotation, student responses indicated increased comfort (mean = 4.54, standard deviation [SD] = 0.54) and compassion (mean = 4.42, SD = 0.78) working with low-income or homeless populations, more comfort interacting with members of different race or ethnicity groups (mean = 4.21, SD = 0.82), and more appreciation for the human-animal bond (mean = 4.42, median = 5). Students also reported that spending time at WisCARES positively impacted their confidence in a clinical setting, managing and communicating about financial decisions, and approaching cases creatively. Giving students an opportunity to lead cases with clients from diverse races and low SOCI backgrounds can enhance levels of comfort with practice and improve confidence.

Identifying populations at high risk of malaria: a mixed-methods case–control study to inform targeted interventions in Senegal

BackgroundSenegal has made significant progress in reducing the burden of malaria, but transmission remains highly heterogeneous, with specific population subgroups likely at higher risk. Consultations with the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) and a review of available data identified nomadic pastoralists, gold miners, and Koranic school students as potential high-risk populations (HRPs). This study aimed to evaluate whether these populations are at higher risk of malaria and better characterize their exposure patterns to inform the design of targeted intervention strategies.MethodsA mixed-methods study was conducted in the districts of Ranérou, Kaolack, and Saraya between November 2020 and December 2021. A formative assessment including key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions (FGD) was conducted with non-HRP and HRP members (nomadic pastoralists, gold miners, Koranic school students). A health facility-based case–control study was then conducted in nine health facilities across the three districts. 501 confirmed malaria cases and 1002 non-malaria controls were frequency matched by age and sex with a ratio of 1:2. A standardized questionnaire was administered to collect sociodemographic information, including occupation, use of malaria prevention measures, mosquito exposure, and travel history. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify malaria risk factors.ResultsKIIs and FGDs indicated that nomadic pastoralists, gold miners and Koranic school students have high exposure to mosquito bites through outdoor sleeping, spending time outside at night and sleeping in informal structures, with important gaps in the coverage of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and limited access to health services. Compared to controls, cases had higher odds of being a nomadic pastoralist (odds ratio (OR) 4.67 95% CI 1.96–11.11) or gold miner (OR 1.92 95% CI 1.20–3.07). No evidence was found of an association with being a Koranic school student (OR 1.39 95% CI 0.80–2.39).ConclusionsNomadic pastoralists and gold miners in the study areas are at higher risk of malaria. Targeted interventions are needed to cover gaps in malaria prevention coverage and access to health services.

Time Spent on Homework: Correlations Between Parents’ and Teachers’ Perceptions and Children’s Performance

This study investigated differences in teachers’ and parents’ perceptions about homework and their correlations with children’s achievement in Grade 4 – the end grade for primary school in Lithuania. Data were collected at the end of Grade 4 (February–March 2024). Teachers (n = 39) answered online questionnaires on homework frequency and expected homework time; parents (n = 525) completed paper questionnaires about homework frequency, time, and help. Children (n = 576) completed tests measuring literacy and math skills, and school administrations provided children’s Grade 4 grades and results from national standardized testing. Most parents and teachers reported that homework was assigned daily. Teachers reported that children should spend around one hour daily on homework; parents reported children spending on average one hour and ten minutes daily on homework and a great variation in the amount of weekly homework help children received. Compared to teachers, parents reported more frequent homework and more homework time. Only parental reports of time spent and help received for homework significantly correlated to children’s academic performance measures, albeit negatively. Overall, parents and teachers perceived homework time differently. Additionally, the less well Grade 4 students did academically, the more time they spent on homework, and the more help they required from family.

An efficient droplet-vitrification cryopreservation procedure for high imperatorin-yielding hairy root clones of Urena lobata

The valuable anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory secondary metabolite, imperatorin, has been found in the hairy roots (HRs) of Urena lobata. However, an increasing number of problems related to cryo-injury and cryoprotectant toxicity could potentially reduce the quality of root clones, highlighting the need to develop a reliable technique for long-term preservation. Based on the impact of the successive steps of the initial droplet-vitrification procedure employed for cryopreservation of HRs using the histological evaluation of plasmolysis, various selected factors were independently investigated. The maximum plasmolysis was observed after the preculture with 0.5 M sucrose (46.59 %) and the dehydration treatment (48.32 %). In the improved cryopreservation procedure, when prolonged preculture for 72 h in liquid WPM with 0.3 M sucrose and dehydration in the appropriate vitrification solution, which included 30 % (w/v) glycerol and 50 % (w/v) sucrose, for 10 min at 0 °C, the plasmolysis in the two steps was significantly reduced in comparison with the untreated control. The cryopreserved HRs could increase their regeneration to 93.3 % and regenerated root length to 4.65 cm. Their growth and imperatorin production were almost the same as those of untreated controls after three to five subsequent subcultures. Our results have demonstrated that our new approach, which only focuses on the key factors that significantly increase the plasmolysis, modifies their level to fit with the HR cells of U. lobata. The early application of the plasmolysis evaluation method may immediately screen the impact of factors on individual root cells instead of spending time and cost evaluating the recovery of root tips at each step to develop an efficient cryopreservation procedure.

Bina Iman Remaja Perempuan Katolik di Asrama Maria Lordes SMK Muktyaca Ende

Due to the mentors' conflicting responsibilities, the teenage girls at the Maria Lordes Ende dormitory struggle with the absence of regular spiritual supervision. As a result, one of the immediate fixes is for them to join the mentoring team at SMK Muktyaca Ende's Maria Lordes Dormitory in addition to being the PKM implementers. Since Catholic youth are the Church's hope and agents of renewal due to their innate qualities of being vivacious, creative, dynamic, sympathetic, critical, and risk-taking, it is imperative that youth faith development mentoring be included in the Congregation's annual programs. Spending time with young people also exposes them to circumstances and technology advancements that significantly test their spirituality and personalities. Therefore, in order to assist these young women, it is essential to provide careful consideration to needs like conceptual and continuous advice, which will help these teenagers avoid making snap judgments that could harm themselves. The target audience for this community service project is Catholic teens living in the Maria Lordes hostel at SMK Muktyaca Ende. Helping young women value life as women and participate in spiritual activities is the aim of this activity. To rekindle excitement from tedium and monotony during the process, a qualitative participative method is employed, which includes lectures and basic practical exercises. This program aims to teach young ladies to value their femininity and participate in spiritual activities. The technique is a qualitative participatory approach that uses lectures and basic hands-on activities to rekindle interest during the activities and break monotony. Thus, the end effect is that Catholic adolescent girls develop greater self-awareness, explore their inner selves more deeply, love and accept themselves, and live out their spirituality every day.

Methods of Communication between Muslim Parents and Teenagers in Malaysia

The communication process within a family typically has parents as transmitters and parents as receivers. The pattern of communication between parents and children determines the family climate, whether positive or otherwise. The growth and changes faced by teenagers in this phase cause them to become more sensitive to their surroundings. Children generally prefer to be treated like adults and desire increased autonomy in making decisions. Appropriate communication methods must be applied by parents, especially when children have entered the teenage phase. However, some parents face communication challenges in dealing with teenagers, such as difficulty in understanding teenagers’ attitudes, time constraints, and outside influences. Thus, this study aims to identify the communication methods carried out by Muslim parents with teenagers in Malaysia. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological design and includes 20 respondents from the North, East, West and South zones of Peninsular Malaysia. The method of data collection is a semi-structured interview method. Each interview has been transcribed and analysed thematically using ATLAS.ti software 23. The findings of the study show that there are five methods of communication between Muslim parents and teenagers, (1) making religion the foundation for building a strong family bond, with Islamic principles guiding interactions; (2) spending quality time together as a means to foster closeness and mutual understanding; (3) providing consistent advice and guidance to teenagers, particularly in relation to moral and ethical concerns; (4) parents acting as positive role models, embodying values and behaviors they wish to impart to their children; and (5) the use of digital media as a modern communication tool, enabling both parents and teenagers to stay connected and engaged.

The effect of instructed refreshing on working memory: Is the memory boost a function of refreshing frequency or refreshing duration?

AbstractRefreshing is assumed to reactivate the contents of working memory in an attention-based way, resulting in a boost of the attended representations and hence improving their subsequent memory. Here, we examined whether the refreshing-induced memory boost is a constant or a gradual, time-dependent phenomenon. If the beneficial effect of refreshing on memory performance is due to the information being selected for refreshing (i.e., selection hypothesis), a constant memory boost is expected to occur each time an item is selected for refreshing, with better memory performance for items that are selected more often. If, however, the beneficial effect of refreshing on memory performance is due to spending time in the focus of attention during refreshing (i.e., duration hypothesis), a gradual memory boost is expected, with the size of the memory boost being a direct function of how long the item has been the object of focused attention. To distinguish between these hypotheses, we instructed and guided the use of refreshing during retention through the presentation of cues, and varied the number of refreshing steps and their duration independently. The number of refreshing steps, but not their duration, had an effect on recall, in agreement with the selection hypothesis. However, some of the results were less robust than anticipated, indicating that the effect of instructed refreshing is limited to certain task parameters.

Information provision to older patients receiving palliative chemotherapy: a quality study

ObjectivesCancer treatment has become increasingly successful. However, prolonging and preserving life has become an important goal of therapy since many patients generally receive palliative chemotherapy. The perception of life changes...

Forest bathing and tourism: A bibliometric analysis

The shinrin-yoku activity, or forest bathing, is inspired by a Japanese therapeutic tradition that involves spending time in the forest to improve health. This activity offers various applications for scientific research in different fields such as health, therapy, psychology, or tourism. This work aims to analyze both the current state and the evolution of scientific research on forest bathing activity. Specifically, to discuss the potential of this activity in the dimension of sustainable tourism. For this purpose, using the VOSviewer software, papers published in the Web of Science and Scopus databases between 2008 and 2023 were analyzed. The main results of this research support that forest bathing activity is experiencing progressive growth in the scientific literature, especially from the perspective of health and medicine. However, it is an activity that is little explored from the tourism perspective. The above would be especially interesting in those natural spaces located in rural areas where good tourism management of this activity could be another business opportunity that combats depopulation, socioeconomic underdevelopment, and natural disasters such as fires.

The Influence of Career Development, Compensation and Work Commitment on Employee Performance at the Haji Makassar Regional General Hospital UPT

This research was conducted with the aim of; (1) examine and analyze the effect of career development (enrichment) on performance; (2) examine and analyze the effect of compensation on performance; (3) examine and analyze the effect of work commitment on the performance of UPT of Makassar Hajj Regional General Hospital. This study uses primary data using the sampling method, namely the census method through a survey of 84 employees as well as a sampl, the survey was conducted from April 2024 to May 2024. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 24 program. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Career Development (Enrichment) has a positive and significant effect on performance; (2) Compensation has a positive and significant effect on performance; and (3) work commitment has a positive and significant impact on the work of employees at the UPT of Makassar Hajj Regional General Hospital. This means that career development opportunities, structured training, fair treatment in a career, career information, promotion and receiving salary according to work quality standards, receiving incentives, receiving benefits, health insurance services, pension services and feeling comfortable spending time for the organization, happy to join the company, enjoy working and living in the company, find it hard to leave the company. These factors can encourage the achievement of employee performance which is useful for the development of the performance of the UPT of Makassar Hajj Regional General Hospital.

What Makes Me Happy and what Worries Me? A Cross-national Comparison of Stressors and Resources for Stress Relief Among Youth

AbstractNumerous evidence-based programs aim to promote youth mental health. Unfortunately, however, they often fail to engage the target group and lack cultural sensitivity. The present study addresses these issues by using a participatory approach to look at variations of stressors and resources for stress relief among students (12-15 years) in three European countries. Two participatory workshops were conducted in three schools in Austria, Poland and Slovenia, with a total of 81 students participating in the first workshop, and 83 in the second. This study presents the findings derived from two distinct participatory activities wherein participants reported their stressors (Relevant Topics activity) and resources (Photovoice activity). Overall, the study revealed remarkable similarities in stressors and resources across the three countries, but differences were also identified. Stressors relating to interpersonal relationships, school, and self-concept were common themes. While concerns regarding health, future, and global issues were less frequently mentioned, they remained persistent across all countries, an indication of their growing relevance amid today’s multiple crises. Animals, sports, and relationships emerged as the most frequently reported resources. Creative arts and expression, music, and calm activities like reading, and spending time in nature were also frequently cited. Notably, engagement with digital devices or social media emerged neither as a common stressor nor as a notable personal resource. The findings will be used to inform the content development of a culturally sensitive digital mental health promotion program, covering salient topics comprehensively while ensuring diversity awareness.

Characteristics of Parents Who Spent Time Away from Home During Stay-at-Home Orders and Relation to Parenting Behaviors in Ohio

Characteristics of Parents Who Spent Time Away from Home During Stay-at-Home Orders and Relation to Parenting Behaviors in Ohio

Force and motion misconceptions in Moroccan high school science majors: insights from video game activity

ABSTRACT This study delves into the misconceptions about force and motion prevalent among Moroccan high school science major students. It meticulously analyzes the impact of videogame activity on the formation and persistence of these misconceptions. A cohort of 234 students, who underwent remote introductory mechanics courses, were involved in the study. Alongside the use of the revised Force Concept Inventory for investigating misconceptions, we employed cluster sampling and a descriptive survey to concurrently explore students’ year-long experiences with various videogames. The findings indicate that a substantial part students exhibit non-Newtonian conceptual understanding of force and motion. Interestingly, highly engaged videogame players consistently demonstrated a shift in their misconceptions’ nature. No statistically significant correlations were found with grade, age, or gender, except for videogame spending time frequency. This research underscores the importance of mechanics reasoning, especially among digital natives and avid gamers. These insights not only pave the way for robust Digital Game-Based Learning tools to identify and rectify misconceptions, but also provide a catalyst for further exploration in this field and its broader implications.

Professional burnout of elementary school principals

AbstractThe professional role of a school principal encompasses various tasks, including administrative, legal, strategic, financial, and managerial responsibilities in the education sector. The intricate nature of their work exposes principals to increasing stress, leading to burnout. This qualitative study with 15 principals aims to identify key factors contributing to burnout and explore mitigation strategies. Findings highlight administrative, legal, and accounting tasks, as well as hiring responsibilities, as major stressors. Interpersonal relationships with teachers and parents also play a role in burnout. Common coping methods mentioned by participants include spending time with loved ones and engaging in stress management education. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of developing comprehensive support systems within the school environment to alleviate the burden on principals. The study serves as a foundation for future research on principal stress in educational settings and as material for professional development on burnout in primary schools. By addressing the highlighted stressors, educational leaders can work towards creating a more sustainable and supportive work environment, thereby reducing the risk of burnout among principals.