Speed Of Information Transmission Research Articles

The Role and Influence of Social Media in Crisis Communication: An Analysis with Twitter as An Example

Nowadays, social media has become an indispensable part of information dissemination, and its role and influence are constantly shaping the information ecology of today's society. At the same time, the attention of crisis events on social media continues to increase, which is of great significance for crisis management and response. This paper aims to take Twitter as an example to explore the role and influence of social media in crisis communication, and to analyze its role in instant transmission, information transmission speed, public opinion guidance, public relations channels and emotional connection in crisis events through literature review and case analysis. This paper aims to reveal the function mode, communication effect and coping strategy of social media in crisis communication and provide theoretical support and practical reference for improving public crisis awareness and crisis coping ability. At the same time, this paper provides reference for establishing an effective crisis communication management mechanism, which is helpful to improve the public's cognition and understanding of crisis events.

Mimicking the retinal neuron functions by a photoresponsive single transistor with a double gate

To realize a low-cost neuromorphic visual system, employing an artificial neuron capable of mimicking the retinal neuron functions is essential. A photoresponsive single transistor neuron composed of a vertical silicon nanowire is proposed. Similar to retinal neurons, various photoresponsive characteristics of the single transistor neuron can be modulated by light intensity as well as wavelength and have a high responsivity to green light like the human eye. The device is designed with a cylindrical surrounding double-gate structure, enclosed by an independently controlled outer gate and inner gate. The outer gate has the function of selectively inhibiting neuron activity, which can mimic lateral inhibition of amacrine cells to ganglion cells, and the inner gate can be utilized for the adjustment of the firing threshold voltage, which can be used to mimic the regulation of photoresponsivity by horizontal cells for adaptive visual perception. Furthermore, a myelination function that controls the speed of information transmission is obtained according to the inherent asymmetric source/drain structure of a vertical silicon nanowire. This work can enable photoresponsive neuronal function using only a single transistor, providing a promising hardware implementation for building miniaturized neuromorphic vision systems at low cost.

The Impact of Financial Technology on Stock Market Volatility

This article explores the impact of financial technology on stock market volatility. With the development of financial technology, the speed of information transmission has been increased, the accuracy and transparency of information have been improved, and trading efficiency has been enhanced while trading costs have been reduced. Financial technology has injected more vitality into the stock market, changing traditional trading methods and exerting a profound impact on stock market volatility.

RESEARCH OF THE FEATURES OF DIGITAL SIGNAL FORMATION IN SATELLITE COMMUNICATION LINES

Context. Remote sensing of the Earth is now widely used in various fields. One of the challenges of remote sensing is the creation of inexpensive satellite systems operating in polar circular orbits. These systems require the development of a receptiontransmission system that allows tens of gigabits of video information to be transmitted to an earth receiving station within ten minutes. That is, there is a need to create a communication system that provides high speed data transmission from small satellites weighing up to 50 kg.
 Objective. The aim of the work is to study the features of digital signal formation in modern satellite communication lines and to develop a communication system with a high data transfer rate (usually 300 Mbit/s), which can be applied to small Earth Observation satellites.
 Method. Proposed concept for building a high-speed data transmitter from a remote sensing earth satellite using commercially available off-the-shelf technology. Calculations of the power flow density created at the input of the receiving earth station were performed to find out the possible power of the on-board transmitter.
 Results. A diagram of a communication system based on the DVB-S standard using the technology of commercially available off-the-shelf products has been developed. The high-speed data transmitter is implemented on a Xilinx® Zynq Ultrascale+ ™ MPSoC FPGA microchip, which is located on an Enclustra Mercury XU8 module with a high-performance dual 16-bit AD9174 DAC. The on-board transmitter with a power of up to 2 W meets the requirements of the ITU Radio Regulations for the power flux density on the surface of the Earth, which is created by the radiation of the space station EESS in the range 8025–8400 MHz. It is shown that the energy reserve of the communication line of 3 dB is achieved for various commands for coding and modulation changes with an increase in the elevation angle, which allows to increase the speed of information transmission.
 Conclusions. An original receiving-transmitting system was developed for use in small satellites for remote sensing of the Earth. It is shown that the function of adaptive modeling of ACM of the DVB-S standard allows you to automatically change the transmission parameters in real time depending on the changing conditions of the channel, providing opportunities for more flexible and effective data transmission in various conditions, which will allow to increase the volumes of information transmitted by communication session. The proposed system operates in the X-band and is built using commercially available off-the-shelf products. An antenna with double circular polarization is used as the emitter. Two physical channels represent two polarization modes: right circular polarization and left circular polarization, each of which has three frequency channels.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПОДВОДНОЙ БЕСПРОВОДНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ СВЯЗИ

The article discusses underwater wireless communication systems. Research in the field of underwater optical wireless communication system will allow developing science, industry, to find solutions to defense tasks and emergencies, to carry out remote monitoring of environmental pollution of the underwater world and control underwater objects and equipment of oilrigs, to conduct underwater research and much more. The purpose of the work is to develop a classification of the principles of construction and organization of underwater wireless communication, taking into account modern achievements and development of technologies in the field of underwater wireless communication systems, to assess the strengths and weaknesses of underwater acoustic, radio frequency and optical communication systems. It is shown that the underwater optical wireless communication system has a great potential to enhance the traditional underwater acoustic communication system and underwater radio frequency communication system due to the high speed of information transmission, low latency, lower power consumption and compact size. To select the equipment and organize the communication channel, a generalized classification of an underwater optical wireless communication system has been developed, depending on the routing protocols used, on the configuration of the communication channel, on the optical properties of water, on the type of water in which the transmission channel is organized, on the mobility of underwater vehicles and the coverage area, on the type of modulation used, the method of underwater communication and from the factors affecting the organization of the communication channel.

Bridging Performance of X (formerly known as Twitter) Users: A Predictor of Subjective Well-Being During the Pandemic

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic triggered the perils of misinformation over social media. By amplifying the spreading speed and popularity of trustworthy information, influential social media users have been helping overcome the negative impacts of such flooding misinformation. In this article, we use the COVID-19 pandemic as a representative global health crisisand examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these influential users’ subjective well-being (SWB), one of the most important indicators of mental health. We leverage X (formerly known as Twitter) as a representative social media platform and conduct the analysis with our collection of 37,281,824 tweets spanning almost two years. To identify influential X users, we propose a new measurement called user bridging performance (UBM) to evaluate the speed and wideness gain of information transmission due to their sharing. With our tweet collection, we manage to reveal the more significant mental sufferings of influential users during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to this observation, through comprehensive hierarchical multiple regression analysis , we are the first to discover the strong relationship between individual social users’ subjective well-being and their bridging performance. We proceed to extend bridging performance from individuals to user subgroups. The new measurement allows us to conduct a subgroup analysis according to users’ multilingualism and confirm the bridging role of multilingual users in the COVID-19 information propagation. We also find that multilingual users not only suffer from a much lower SWB in the pandemic, but also experienced a more significant SWB drop.

A Research on IPO Pricing Efficiency under the Approval System and Registration System

This article examines China’s evolving stock issuance system within its market-oriented economy, particularly focusing on the transition from the approval system to the registration system. The study evaluates the efficiency of Initial Public Offering (IPO) pricing under incomplete games, identifying high risks and uncertainties in the process. By analyzing 31 selected articles, the research categorizes IPO pricing efficiency based on the timeline of system transformation and explores three key influencing factors: macro-environmental factors, information factors, and role behavioral factors. The findings reveal minimal differences in the study of IPO pricing efficiency under different time intervals in the Chinese capital market. Moreover, the shift from the approval system to the registration system has positively impacted information disclosure, transmission speed, freedom, and individual responsibility in China’s capital market. The article concludes with a summary of the organized content and suggests future research directions, emphasizing the importance of continuous guidance and optimization for resource allocation in China’s capital market to foster healthy and stable development.

Model of a Free-Space Optical Communication Line with a Smart Reflector

The article considers a model of a free-space communication line between several closely located points on the terrain that are outside the line of sight. For the rapid deployment of communication lines with a range of up to hundreds of meters, any tall building visible to all callers can be a kind of optical signal repeater. Compared to radio communication channels, an optical communication line has a higher speed of information transmission, is insensitive to electromagnetic interference and is more protected from eavesdropping. To increase the range of the communication line and increase the signal to noise ratio, it is proposed to use a smart reflector based on the mirror of the two-axis scanner, the angular position of which is controlled by the microcontroller. The microcontroller receives information about the angle of incidence of the laser beam on the smart reflector in the form of photoelectric signals. These signals are formed by a position-sensitive photodetector and a lens in front of it. Depending on the angle of incidence of the laser beam, the position of the laser spot focused by the lens on the photodetector changes, and with it, both signals at its output. To facilitate the search of the smart reflector by transceivers, it is suggested to use an LED beacon in it.

The flow of axonal information among hippocampal sub-regions 2: patterned stimulation sharpens routing of information transmission.

The sub-regions of the hippocampal formation are essential for episodic learning and memory formation, yet the spike dynamics of each region contributing to this function are poorly understood, in part because of a lack of access to the inter-regional communicating axons. Here, we reconstructed hippocampal networks confined to four subcompartments in 2D cultures on a multi-electrode array that monitors individual communicating axons. In our novel device, somal, and axonal activity was measured simultaneously with the ability to ascertain the direction and speed of information transmission. Each sub-region and inter-regional axons had unique power-law spiking dynamics, indicating differences in computational functions, with abundant axonal feedback. After stimulation, spiking, and burst rates decreased in all sub-regions, spikes per burst generally decreased, intraburst spike rates increased, and burst duration decreased, which were specific for each sub-region. These changes in spiking dynamics post-stimulation were found to occupy a narrow range, consistent with the maintenance of the network at a critical state. Functional connections between the sub-region neurons and communicating axons in our device revealed homeostatic network routing strategies post-stimulation in which spontaneous feedback activity was selectively decreased and balanced by decreased feed-forward activity. Post-stimulation, the number of functional connections per array decreased, but the reliability of those connections increased. The networks maintained a balance in spiking and bursting dynamics in response to stimulation and sharpened network routing. These plastic characteristics of the network revealed the dynamic architecture of hippocampal computations in response to stimulation by selective routing on a spatiotemporal scale in single axons.

VIRTUAL LABOR MIGRATION: CURRENT TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

The purpose of the study is to determine the possible consequences of a sharp increase in the number of virtual labor migrants for the national economy and outline the main threats to information security in connection with the involvement of "hybrid workers". Based on the analysis of open sources, the working conditions of "hybrid workers" are outlined, as well as the possibilities of their cooperation with employers. The influence of regulatory and legal regulation of the work of freelancers on the modernization of their activities is highlighted. The main trends in the development of virtual labor migration in the conditions of increasing speed and volume of information transmission via the INTERNET network have been determined. The mostly temporary nature of labor relations causes a relatively low level of wages for virtual labor migrants, but it is a powerful means of countering the spread of unemployment. Virtual labor migrants, as a rule, are not limited in their work by obligations to a specific employer. Their business interests may also conflict with the national interests of the country where they permanently reside. This nature of work carries the threat of unauthorized dissemination of certain data, as well as the performance of certain tasks by foreign employers, which threaten the economic interests of the country of residence of "digital nomads" or its individual enterprises. This carries a potential threat to the business interests of both individual states and certain transnational corporations, which will require strengthening measures in the field of information security of production.

Research on Adaptive Reverse Design Method of Integrated Optical Fiber Communication System

The vigorous development of network technology promotes the progress of communication transmission technology, and the progress of communication transmission technology also drives the development of network technology. Optical fiber communication technology is widely used in communication industry because of its strong anti-interference ability, fast transmission speed and large amount of information. With the explosive growth of network data traffic in recent years, the transmission capacity of optical fiber communication has been continuously improved, coherent optical communication technology has developed rapidly, the trend of intelligence, grouping and broadband has become more and more obvious, and new photoelectric devices have been continuously developed and used. Optical fiber communication technology is undergoing tremendous changes and will become more important. In this paper, the application of optical fiber communication transmission technology is discussed in detail, and an adaptive reverse design method of integrated optical fiber communication system is proposed in order to promote the rapid development of optical fiber communication transmission technology.

Media Tone and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from China

Following the 2008 financial crisis, multiple studies have contributed to the research on stock price crashes. However, most of the studies on stock price crashes are from the corporate management perspective, focusing on factors such as the board’s character, the CEO’s power, the brand’s capital, and ESG performance. Few studies have taken external information, such as media coverage, into consideration. Meanwhile, in the era of 5G, internet media has witnessed exponential growth, heavily enhancing the speed of information transmission; this could possibly impact the future risk associated with stock price crashes. From this perspective, our study extends the coverage by investigating the relationship between internet media coverage and the potential risk of stock price crashes. Using a comprehensive dataset of the Chinese stock market from 2008 to 2021, we found that the optimistic (pessimistic) tones of internet media were positively (negatively) correlated with the future risk of crashes. These findings remained firm after accounting for winsorization, corporate governance control, firm fixed effects, and instrumental variable analysis. Further analyses showed that media tone impacts were more pronounced for firms with higher analyst coverage. Our study indicates that investors, especially retail investors, who are more easily influenced by internet media, should be more cautious about the increasingly favorable internet coverage of listed companies, which could result in a heightened future risk of stock price crashes. Moreover, regulators should inform investors when listed companies are experiencing more favorable internet coverage to minimize potential stock market fluctuations and investment losses for investors.

The asymmetric relationships between the Bitcoin futures’ return, volatility, and trading volume

This study investigated the asymmetric contemporaneous and lead-lag relationships between return and trading volume as well as return volatility and volume on the Bitcoin futures by analyzing the threshold and smooth transition effects based on the logistic smooth transition regression (LSTR) model with the logistic smooth transition GJR-GARCH framework. The main findings demonstrated that the asymmetric and smooth transition effects existed in both the contemporaneous and lead-lag return-volume and volatility-volume relationships. There were also a one-trading-day to three-trading-day delayed effects from volume to return and volatility. The implication of the findings suggests that there are arbitrage opportunities for investors in the Bitcoin futures market. Furthermore, we confirm that the Mixture of Distribution Hypothesis (MDH) was a better theory than the Sequential Information Arrival Hypothesis (SIAH) in explaining the volatility-volume relationships on the Bitcoin futures. Our findings also showed that the speed of information transmission increased as it got closer to the current trading day. This evidence supported the MDH in the Bitcoin futures market.

Research on Visual Design based on Chinese Mythological Elements

With the development of science and technology, the speed of information transmission is also rapidly increasing, and culture and art from all over the world come to our eyes through this network, and when we are immersed in and marvel at Western culture and art, we gradually ignore traditional culture and craftsmanship. This project aims to provide a new perspective for the creation and development of visual art, fully integrate national elements and spirit, and integrate contemporary art into the cultural and historical context. Through reviewing the literature, we collected the cultural and artistic value of the image of the gods and monsters of the Shan Hai Jing in artistic creation, and analyzed its artistic concepts, and explored the artistic feasibility of combining visual design with the images of the gods and monsters of the Shan Hai Jing. And through case studies of works in contemporary visual design, Trying the mythological images and artistic conceptions in the Shan Hai Jing as the source of inspiration for this article, closely following the development characteristics of the current era, and analyzing the meaning of the application of elements in contemporary design, it provides new research ideas and theoretical foundations for the development of visual design and the combination of traditional culture. Explore the practical significance of Chinese mythological elements in modern visual design.

Tkachenko Methodology for building radio relay lines based on the use of geospatial information

When planning and organizing communication using modern military digital radios, a crucial and relevant task is to ensure the maximum possible communication range while providing the necessary speed and quality of information transmission. The main factors determining the possible communication range of modern military digital radios, in addition to their characteristics, are the terrain relief, buildings, and vegetation. Additionally, existing height objects in the area, such as communication operator towers, can be used to organize radio relay communication. An analysis showed that existing methods and specialized software can be used for certain calculations of signal levels, but they do not always take into account all necessary technical parameters of radio equipment and additional geospatial information. Moreover, the existing software is not designed to construct multi-interval radio relay lines while considering additional geospatial data. In constructing radio relay lines, there is often a situation where one interval cannot provide communication with the required quality. This situation calls for planning a radio relay line using relay stations. The choice of the location of relay stations depends on many factors, including the possibility of establishing communication, minimizing the number of relays, geospatial information regarding the terrain relief, and the presence of the necessary infrastructure (buildings, power supply, anchor points, towers, etc.) in the area. The article proposes a methodology for constructing radio relay communication lines based on calculations of signal levels while considering geospatial data. This methodology allows analyzing individual radio relay intervals for constructing multi-interval radio relay lines. The software implementation of the developed methodology allows creating software for calculating radio relay lines with the necessary input data and geospatial information regarding the terrain.

REGULATION OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

The article presents the principles of regulating the processes of digital transformation of regional economic systems. It was established that digitalization is considered as the introduction of various technologies into all spheres of social development. But to a greater extent, digital transformation is the key to development. Digital transformation is considered as the transformation of heterogeneous economic processes due to the introduction of new business models, strategies, systems, approaches and other tools due to the use of digital technologies. The use of digital technologies provides an opportunity to introduce new innovative, creative tools in various spheres of social development, as well as to increase the efficiency of the functioning of established processes. It is substantiated that the digitalization of regional economic systems occupies an important place in the development of regions, improving the quality of life of the population in all territories and increasing the level of economic security of the development of economic entities, the activation of international cooperation, etc. Digitization also plays an important role in ensuring the decentralization of power and the performance of functions that are delegated to localities. The main normative legal acts regarding the provision of processes of digital transformation of the regions of Ukraine have been studied. The positive consequences of the digital transformation of regional economic systems are singled out, which include: ensuring the speed of information transmission, its exchange, storage and processing; increasing the efficiency of management through the introduction of digital technologies; increasing the level of meeting the needs of consumers based on the timely determination of their requests; ensuring integration processes at different levels; facilitating access to services in the healthcare, education, and financial services system; overcoming corruption and increasing the transparency and efficiency of work of state and local authorities, etc.

Research on the companies’ diversification of improving user stickiness

Since China entered the “Internet+” era, social networking platforms have been developed efficiently, and the speed of information transmission has changed qualitatively, most people began to receive all kinds of information through mobile phones, and Internet advertising accounts for most of the market, changing people’s lifestyles and driving the development of various industries. In this context, companies are paying more and more attention to brand value, user quality, and accumulated user stickiness. This paper will combine the different stages of media industry development, how to empower to enhance the user stickiness of enterprises, and explore the following aspects: brand promotion, consumer psychology, marketing strategy, communication methods, etc. Based on the existing successful cases, how enterprises can better use social media to do their marketing work under the background of “Internet +” and become the leading enterprises in the industry. This will be an important issue in the future development planning stage.

Optimization of the Guaranteed Information Transmission Rate by Pseudorandom Signals with a Randomized Base in Conditions of Intentional Interference

The principles of analysis and optimization of the parameters and signal processing mode in an information transmission system with a reverse channel operating under the influence of intentional interference, the structure of which can be selected from the position of disruption (deterioration) of the system have been considered. An algorithm for the formation and processing of pseudorandom signals with a randomized base is proposed, which provides an increase in the speed of information transmission by the system in theclass of interference with limited average power while ensuring the initial reliability indicators. The methodology is presented, calculation examples are given, and graphs of the dependences of the guaranteed informationtransfer rate in a system with a randomized two-stage switching of the signal base from the average power of the optimized interference are shown.

All-optical observation on activity-dependent nanoscale dynamics of myelinated axons.

In the mammalian brain, rapid conduction of neural information is supported by the myelin, the functional efficacy of which shows steep dependence on its nanoscale cytoarchitecture. Although previous in vitro studies have suggested that neural activity accompanies nanometer-scale cellular deformations, whether neural activity can dynamically remodel the myelinated axon has remained unexplored due to the technical challenge in observing its nanostructural dynamics in living tissues. We aim to observe activity-dependent nanostructural dynamics of myelinated axons in a living brain tissue. We introduced a novel all-optical approach combining a nanoscale dynamic readout based on spectral interferometry and optogenetic control of neural excitation in an acute brain slice preparation. In response to optogenetically evoked neuronal burst firing, the myelinated axons exhibited progressive and reversible spectral redshifts, corresponding to the transient swelling at a subnanometer scale. We further revealed that the activity-dependent nanostructural dynamics was localized to the paranode. Our all-optical studies substantiate that myelinated axon exhibits activity-dependent nanoscale swelling, which potentially serves to dynamically tune the transmission speed of neural information.

Інтелектуалізація управління дорожнім рухом як засіб підвищення ефективності транспортної мережі міста в неординарних ситуаціях

An assessment of modern trends in the development of intelligent traffic management systems and their role in ensuring the efficiency of the functioning of transport networks was carried out. The processes of introducing technologies for expanding the flow of processed data into existing intelligent transport systems (ITS) that ensure an increase in the speed of information transmission in them have been determined. The classification of information sources that become available when the ITS transitions to the 5G standard and provide a basis for the implementation of technologies for avoiding extraordinary situations in transport networks is given.Existing methods of improving the efficiency of the city's transport network are mainly aimed at ensuring the ability of ITS to predict traffic flows. These include statistical and nonlinear methods, simulation-based methods, artificial intelligence methods, and combined methods. The implementation of these methods is achieved by increasing the information flow coming from the system. A comparison of these methods revealed that they can generally make predictions with high accuracy, however, regardless of the chosen standard, some of them are already at the peak of their potential in terms of application in ITS, and the rest still have room for development.The suitability of the forecasting method for working in real-time conditions is a significant advantage in ensuring effective management of traffic flows, allows to increase the stability of the transport network and the efficiency of the ITS, and has a positive effect on the level of traffic jams, road safety and ecological impact on the environment. The most promising in terms of a quick and flexible solution to an extraordinary situation are models with the use of artificial intelligence or a combination thereof, based on deep learning algorithms, which have proven their importance in predicting the results, making decisions regarding traffic flow forecasts and ensuring the elimination and avoidance of traffic jams based on the passage of vehicles through the intersection depending on the length and duration of the traffic light signals.