Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engine Research Articles

Potential of the Miller cycle on a HSDI diesel automotive engine

The paper explores, by means of CFD simulations, the potential of the Miller cycle, applied to High Speed Direct Injection (HSDI) Diesel engines, facing the challenge of emissions reduction enforced by the near-term regulations, with particular reference to Euro VI. In fact, a valuable benefit of the Miller technique is the strong reduction of combustion temperature, thus the abating of NOx emissions, compared to a traditional cycle with the same values of AFR and EGR rate.The practical application of the Miller cycle yields a number of critical issues, which are generally addressed in the paper. However, the goal of the study is to assess the potential and the limits of this technique, more than develop a specific engine configuration.For the analysis, a 2.8L 4-cylinder turbocharged engine produced by VM Motori was selected, carrying out a comprehensive experimental campaign, at both full and partial load. The experimental data allowed the authors to calibrate two types of numerical models, one for the whole engine analyses (0/1D), the other for the combustion process simulation (CFD-3D). The integrated use of these computational tools provides a reliable comparison between the base engine and the one modified according to the Miller cycle, in terms of both emissions and fuel consumption in the European Driving Cycle. It was found a reduction of NOx and Soot of 25% and 60%, respectively, and a worsening of fuel efficiency of 2%. The abating of NOx can be further enhanced, since it is demonstrated that the engine operated according to the Miller cycle can tolerate higher rates of EGR.

Effects of injection parameters and EGR on exhaust soot particle number-size distribution for diesel and RME fuels in HSDI engines

The exhaust soot particles number size distributions obtained from the combustion of diesel and RME fuels were investigated in a high speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine for different engine operating conditions viz., fuel injection pressure, injection timing, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and engine load. An Electrostatic Mobility Spectrometer (EMS) was used for characterising the exhaust soot particle number size distribution. Increasing the fuel injection pressure reduced the particle size and its number concentration in the accumulation mode under low and high load conditions, but an opposite trend was observed to the particle number concentration in the nucleation mode under higher load operation. The effect of fuel injection timings on the particle number concentration was not clear and consistent between diesel and RME fuels under low load operation. Under high load operation, the overall particle number concentration for RME decreased but for diesel only the nucleation mode decreased, while the accumulation mode remained unaltered when the fuel injection timing was retarded. The addition of EGR caused the particles to agglomerate and form larger size particles, which were observed mostly in the accumulation mode. Under most of the engine operating conditions RME emitted lower soot particle concentration than diesel under both nucleation and accumulation modes. The presence of oxygen in the fuel has the potential to lower the exhaust particle number concentration in diesel engines.

Development of engine control using the in-cylinder pressure signal in a high speed direct injection diesel engine

Emission regulations are becoming more stringent and remain a principal issue for vehicle manufacturers. Many engine subsystems and control technologies have been introduced to meet the demands of these regulations. For diesel engines, combustion control is one of the most effective approaches for reducing not only engine exhaust emissions but also cylinder-by-cylinder variation. However, the high cost of pressure sensors and the complex engine head design for additional equipment present difficulties for manufacturers. In this paper, cylinder pressure-based engine control logic is introduced for a multi-cylinder high speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine. The time for 50% of the mass fraction to be burned (MFB50) and the IMEP are valuable for determining the combustion status. These two in-cylinder quantities are measured and applied to the engine control logic. Fuel injection timing is controlled to adjust the operating MFB50 to the target MFB50 using PID control logic, and the fuel injection quantity is controlled to adjust the measured IMEP to the desired IMEP. The control logic is demonstrated at steady state and during transient conditions and is applied to an NEDC mode test.

RETRACTED: Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on Performance and Emission characteristics of a Three Cylinder Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine

Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is being used widely to reduce and control the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission from diesel engines. EGR controls the NOx because it lowers oxygen concentration and flame temperature of the working fluid in the combustion chamber. However, the use of EGR leads to a trade-off in terms of soot emissions moreover it exhausted more unburned hydrocarbons (20-30%) compared to conventional engines. Present experimental study has been carried out to investigate the effect of EGR on performance and emissions in a three cyl- inders, air cooled and constant speed direct injection diesel engine, which is typically used in agri- cultural farm machinery. Such engines are normally not operated with EGR. The experiments were carried out to experimentally evaluate the performance and emissions for different EGR rates of the engine. Emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), NOx, carbon monoxide (CO), exhaust gas temperature, and smoke opacity of the exhaust gas, etc. were measured. Performance parameters such as thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were calculated. Reductions in NOx and exhaust gas temperature were observed but emissions of particulate matter (PM), HC, and CO were found to have increased with usage of EGR. The engine was operated for normal running conditions with EGR and the performance and emission readings were observed.

Particulate emissions from large-scale medium-speed diesel engines: 1. Particle size distribution

This paper addresses particulate matter (PM) size distributions in large-scale diesel engine exhaust. The test engines were multivariable large-scale turbo-charged, after-cooled medium speed (~ 500 rpm, ~ 1 MW power per cylinder) direct injection diesel engines. Emissions measurements were carried out while burning heavy fuel (HFO) and light fuel (LFO) oils. Test modes for investigation were propulsion mode (marine) and generator mode (power plant), with load varying from 25 to 100%. PM was measured using a gravimetric impactor with four impactor stages plus a filter, classifying particles between 0.005 and 2.5 μm (aerodynamic diameter). The results show that HFO firing produces significantly higher PM emissions (more than factor of ~three on mass bases for high load operation) compared to LFO, especially for particles smaller than 0.5 μm. This is mainly due to higher ash-forming elements and sulphur content of HFO. For HFO, the fraction of the finest particles increases with load, more strongly for generator mode than for propulsion mode, with generator mode giving ~ 50% higher PM emissions than propulsion mode. With LFO firing, the largest amount of fine PM was emitted at the lowest load, for propulsion mode being lower and almost independent of load at higher loads, while for generator mode a steady decrease in emissions with increasing load is seen for all PM size classes measured.

Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on performance, emissions, deposits and durability of a constant speed compression ignition engine

To meet stringent vehicular exhaust emission norms worldwide, several exhaust pre-treatment and post-treatment techniques have been employed in modern engines. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is a pre-treatment technique, which is being used widely to reduce and control the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission from diesel engines. EGR controls the NOx because it lowers oxygen concentration and flame temperature of the working fluid in the combustion chamber. However, the use of EGR leads to a trade-off in terms of soot emissions. Higher soot generated by EGR leads to long-term usage problems inside the engines such as higher carbon deposits, lubricating oil degradation and enhanced engine wear. Present experimental study has been carried out to investigate the effect of EGR on soot deposits, and wear of vital engine parts, especially piston rings, apart from performance and emissions in a two cylinder, air cooled, constant speed direct injection diesel engine, which is typically used in agricultural farm machinery and decentralized captive power generation. Such engines are normally not operated with EGR. The experiments were carried out to experimentally evaluate the performance and emissions for different EGR rates of the engine. Emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), NOx, carbon monoxide (CO), exhaust gas temperature, and smoke opacity of the exhaust gas etc. were measured. Performance parameters such as thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were calculated. Reduction in NOx and exhaust gas temperature were observed but emissions of particulate matter (PM), HC, and CO were found to have increased with usage of EGR. The engine was operated for 96h in normal running conditions and the deposits on vital engine parts were assessed. The engine was again operated for 96h with EGR and similar observations were recorded. Higher carbon deposits were observed on the engine parts operating with EGR. Higher wear of piston rings was also observed for engine operated with EGR.

Ignition and combustion development for high speed direct injection diesel engines under low temperature cold start conditions

Diesel engine cold start is an important issue for current technology at low (below 0°C) temperatures and for future applications. The aim of this work is to develop a description of how, when and where does fuel spray ignition occur in a glow-plug assisted engine under simulated low temperature cold start conditions. In-cylinder pressure analysis is combined with high speed visualization in an optical engine. A pilot plus main injection strategy is used. Visualization results show that pilot ignition occurs in the vicinity of the glow plug, and strongly influences main combustion initiation. Main combustion starts from the pilot flame, and propagates to the rest of the combustion chamber showing a strong visible reaction zone. After end of main injection, the rapid leaning of the mixture suppresses the strong radiation, and OH radiation is observed to progress to the rest of the combustion chamber. The combustion process shows a strong scattering, which has been quantified by combustion parameters. At higher rail pressures scattering increases, which eventually inhibits combustion initiation. However, if ignition occurs at higher rail pressures, cycle performance is better.

Low sooting combustion of narrow-angle wall-guided sprays in an HSDI diesel engine with retarded injection timings

An optically accessible single-cylinder high speed direct-injection (HSDI) diesel engine was used to investigate the spray and combustion processes with narrow-angle wall-guided sprays. Influences of injection timings and injection pressure on combustion characteristics and emissions were studied. In-cylinder pressure was measured and used for heat release analysis. High-speed spray and combustion videos were captured. NOx emissions were measured in the exhaust pipe. With significantly retarded post-top dead center (TDC) injections, smokeless combustion was achieved for wall-guided diesel spray. Premixed-combustion was observed from the heat release rates and the combustion images. Natural luminosity was found significantly lower for smokeless combustion case. However, NOx emissions were higher for the low sooting combustion cases. In addition, retarding injection timing lead to more complete combustion with more heat released from the same amount of fuel. Spray images revealed significant fuel impingement for all the conditions and the spray development was controlled and guided by the piston bowl curvature. NOx and natural luminosity trade-off trend was observed for these conditions. However, quite different from conventional diesel combustion, retarding post-TDC injection timing leads to lower natural luminosity and higher NOx emissions for narrow-angle wall-guided spray combustion. For the smokeless combustion case under moderate operating load, both homogeneous combustion and low-luminosity pool fires were observed during combustion process and the latter was due to fuel-piston impingement. The findings in this study could be used to solve the smoke issues associated with narrow-angle injection technique under high load conditions. With narrow-angle injectors, ignition could occur for significantly retarded post-TDC injections, which provides a unique mixing approach for diesel engines.

Investigation of piston bowl geometry and speed effects in a motored HSDI diesel engine using a CFD against a quasi-dimensional model

Abstract The present work investigates the effect of varying the combustion chamber geometry and engine rotational speed on the gas flow and temperature field, using a new quasi-dimensional engine simulation model in conjunction with an in-house developed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code served to validate the predicted in-cylinder flow field and gas temperature distribution calculated by the quasi-dimensional model, for three alternative piston bowl geometries and three rotational speeds. This CFD code can simulate three-dimensional curvilinear domains using the finite volume method in a collocated grid; it solves the generalized transport equation for the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, and incorporates the standard k–e turbulence model with some slight modifications to introduce the compressibility of a fluid in generalized coordinates. On the other hand, the quasi-dimensional model solves the general transport equation for the conservation of mass and energy by a finite volume method throughout the entire in-cylinder volume, while for the estimation of the flow field a new simplified three dimensional air motion model is used. To compare these two models the in-cylinder spatial and temporal temperature distribution, the mean cylinder pressure diagram, as well as the mean in-cylinder radial and axial velocity are examined, for the three piston bowl geometries and the three speeds, for a high speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine operating under motoring conditions. From the comparison of calculated results, it becomes apparent that the two models predict similar in-cylinder temperature distributions and mean air velocity fields at each crank angle, for all cases examined. Thus, it is shown that the quasi-dimensional model with the proposed simplified air motion model is capable of capturing the physical effect of combustion chamber geometry and speed on the in-cylinder velocity and temperature field, while needing significantly lower computing time compared to the more detailed and accurate CFD model. On the other hand, the CFD model is more suitable when detailed simulation of the in-cylinder geometry is required and the way the corresponding transport phenomena are affected.

Comprehensive study of biodiesel fuel for HSDI engines in conventional and low temperature combustion conditions

In this research, an experimental investigation has been performed to give insight into the potential of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for High Speed Direct Injection (HSDI) diesel engines. The scope of this work has been broadened by comparing the combustion characteristics of diesel and biodiesel fuels in a wide range of engine loads and EGR conditions, including the high EGR rates expected for future diesel engines operating in the low temperature combustion (LTC) regime. The experimental work has been carried out in a single-cylinder engine running alternatively with diesel and biodiesel fuels. Conventional diesel fuel and neat biodiesel have been compared in terms of their combustion performance through a new methodology designed for isolating the actual effects of each fuel on diesel combustion, aside from their intrinsic differences in chemical composition. The analysis of the results has been sequentially divided into two progressive and complementary steps. Initially, the overall combustion performance of each fuel has been critically evaluated based on a set of parameters used as tracers of the combustion quality, such as the combustion duration or the indicated efficiency. With the knowledge obtained from this previous overview, the analysis focuses on the detailed influence of biodiesel on the different diesel combustion stages known ignition delay, premixed combustion and mixing controlled combustion, considering also the impact on CO and UHC pollutant emissions. The results of this research explain why the biodiesel fuel accelerates the diesel combustion process in all engine loads and EGR rates, even in those corresponding with LTC conditions, increasing its possibilities as alternative fuel for future DI diesel engines.

Experimental study on the combustion characteristics of a high speed direct injection diesel engine fuelled with natural gas

Experimental results are provided concerning the combustion of natural gas in a compression ignition environment, where the liquid diesel fuel is partially replaced by natural gas injected into the intake air. The investigation was conducted on a single cylinder, naturally aspirated, high speed direct injection diesel engine, modified to operate under dual fuel conditions. Results are given revealing the effect of liquid fuel percentage replacement by natural gas on the engine performance (i.e. cylinder pressure, total heat release rate, total brake specific energy consumption) and the main combustion characteristics (i.e. duration of combustion, ignition delay, etc.). By comparing the results, an important effect of the presence of natural gas is observed. Taking into account that the experimental measurements cover a very wide range of natural gas supplement ratios (0-90%) without any appearance of knocking phenomena, the belief is strengthened that the findings of the present work are extremely valuable if it is opted to apply this technology to existing direct injection diesel engines.

Analysis of an extremely fast valve opening camless system to improve transient performance in a turbocharged high speed direct injection diesel engine

This article describes a theoretical study on the performance optimisation of a high speed direct injection turbocharged diesel engine equipped with an electro-hydraulic variable valve actuation 'camless' system. This system provides extremely fast valve opening and closing slopes. Thus, its potential for recovering part of the energy lost in the valves by reducing gas flow sonic conditions in the valve throat has been investigated. This study has been mainly focused on the analysis of engine performance during a load transient evolution, but the full load steady state attained at the end of the load transient has been also discussed. The results of this investigation have confirmed important improvements in engine performance during the load transient owing to less energy being lost across the valves, which directly results in more energy being available in the turbine. This benefit has also been observed at full load steady state conditions.

Experimental investigation of the effect of combined hydrogen and diesel combustion on the particulate size distribution from a high speed direct injection diesel engine

The effects of hydrogen addition and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) levels on the exhaust particulate matter size distribution in a diesel engine have been investigated. The experiments were performed on a 2.0 litre, 4-cylinder, direct injection engine equipped with a modern high-pressure common rail. A nano-Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (nano-MOUDI) was used in this work to study the particulate matter size distribution. All tests were conducted at the set operating point of 1,500 rpm. The experimental work showed that the particulate matter size distribution was not dramatically altered by the addition of EGR, but the main peak was shifted towards the nucleation mode with the addition of hydrogen. The addition of hydrogen increases the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), but reduces the emissions of unburnt hydrocarbons (THC). Conversely, the addition of EGR reduces NOx, but can increase THC. Hydrogen addition increases the peak cylinder pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise.

Low temperature premixed combustion within a small bore high speed direct injection (HSDI) optically accessible diesel engine using a retarded single injection

An optically accessible single-cylinder high speed direct-injection (HSDI) Diesel engine equipped with a Bosch common rail injection system was used to study low temperature Modulated Kinetics (MK) combustion with a retarded single main injection. High-speed liquid fuel Mie-scattering was employed to investigate the liquid distribution and evolution. By carefully setting up the optics, three-dimensional images of fuel spray were obtained from both the bottom of the piston and the side window. The NOx emissions were measured in the exhaust pipe. The influence of injection pressure and injection timing on liquid fuel evolution and combustion characteristics was studied under similar fuel quantities. Interesting spray development was seen from the side window images. Liquid impingement was found for all of the cases due to the small diameter of the piston bowl. The liquid fuel tip hits the bowl wall obliquely and spreads as a wall jet in the radial direction of the spray. Due to the bowl geometry, the fuel film moves back into the central part of the bowl, which enhances the air-fuel mixing process and prepares a more homogeneous air-fuel mixture. Stronger impingement was seen for high injection pressures. Injection timing had little effect on fuel impingement. No liquid fuel was seen before ignition, indicating premixed combustion for all the cases. High-speed combustion video was taken using the same frame rate. Ignition was seen to occur on or near the bowl wall in the vicinity of the spray tip, with the ignition delay being noticeably longer for lower injection pressure and later injection timing. The majority of the flame was confined to the bowl region throughout the combustion event. A more homogeneous and weaker flame was observed for higher injection pressures and later injection timing. The combustion structure also proves the mixing enhancement effect of the liquid fuel impingement. The results show that ultra-low sooting combustion is feasible in an HSDI diesel engine with a higher injection pressure, a higher EGR rate, or later injection timing, with little penalty on power output. It was also found that injection timing has more influence on HCCI-like combustion using a single main injection than the other two factors studied. Compared with the base cases, simultaneous reductions of soot and NOx were obtained by increasing EGR rate and retarding injection timing. By increasing injection pressure, NOx emissions were increased due to leaner and faster combustion with better air-fuel mixing. However, smoke emissions were significantly reduced with increased injection pressure.

Modeling the Effect of Injector Nozzle-Hole Layout on Diesel Engine Fuel Consumption and Emissions

Numerical simulations were used to study the effect of reduced nozzle-hole size and nozzle tip hole configuration on the combustion characteristics of a high speed direct injection diesel engine. The KIVA code coupled with the CHEMKIN chemistry solver was used for the calculations. The calculations were performed over wide ranges of equivalence ratio and injection timing. Three nozzle-hole layouts were considered: the base line conventional nozzle, and multi- and group-hole configurations. In the multihole case, the number of holes was doubled and the hole size was reduced, while keeping the same hole area as for the base line nozzle. The group-hole configuration used the same hole number and hole size as the multihole case, but pairs of holes were grouped with a close (0.2mm) spacing between the holes. The results of the mixture distributions showed that the group-hole configuration provides similar penetration and lower inhomogeneity to those of the base line large hole nozzle with the same nozzle flow area. Consequently, the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, such as CO and soot, are improved by using the group-hole nozzle instead of the conventional hole nozzle over wide operating ranges. On the other hand, the multihole nozzle has advantages in its fuel consumption and CO emissions over the conventional hole layout at intermediate equivalence ratios (equivalence ratios from 0.56 to 0.84) and conventional injection timings (start of injection: 15deg before top dead center).

Emissions from large-scale medium-speed diesel engines: 2. Influence of fuel type and operating mode

This paper addresses gaseous emissions smoke (soot) and particulate matter in large-scale diesel engine exhaust. The test engine was a large-scale turbocharged, after-cooled mean speed (∼ 500 rpm) direct-injection diesel engine and the power per cylinder was about 1 MW. Emission measurements were carried out on burning heavy fuel (HFO) and light fuel (LFO) oils. The test modes for the investigation were a propulsion mode (marine application) and a generator mode (power plant application). Gaseous emissions were measured according to the IMO technical code, smoke (soot) emissions were determined optically and particulate matter (PM) was measured by gravimetric impactor designed for five size fractions. In comparison the emissions from HFO and LFO utilisations indicate slightly higher NO and CO emissions for HFO, while LFO gives clearly higher emissions of hydrocarbons (HC). Emissions of soot and CO appeared to correlate very well, being very high for both fuels throughout the propulsion mode and low load, otherwise being similar for both modes. PM emissions are more than three times higher with HFO than with LFO and appear to decrease with the load except for HFO during the generator mode where an increase of PM emissions with the load is seen. Some data on sampled particles is given.

Effects of Control Parameters on Performance and Emissions of HSDI Diesel Engines: Investigation via Two Zone Modelling

The paper deals with the development and experimental validation of a two zones combustion model of High Speed Direct Injection (HSDI) Diesel engines. The model is aimed to support the engine control design for common-rail Diesel engines with multiple injections, where the large number of control parameters (i.e. injection timing, injection dwell, rail pressure, etc.) makes the recourse to experiments extremely expensive, in terms of time and money. The modelling approach is based on a semi-empirical two-zone combustion model coupled with an intensive identification analysis, in order to implement a predictive tool for simulating the effects of control strategies on combustion and exhaust emissions. Fuel spray and combustion are simulated by dividing the combustion chamber into two control volumes, accounting for fuel jet and surrounding air. The fuel jet is further divided in two zones to separate liquid and vapour phases, while the surrounding air zone is composed of fresh air and residual gases. Fuel evaporation and combustion models are based on the semi-empirical formulation proposed by Whitehouse and Way, which accounts for the occurrence of premixed and diffusive regimes. The fuel spray model evaluates the spray motion into the cylinder, assuming an empirical formulation for the break time, and predicts the air entrainment by means of the conservation of momentum. NOx and soot exhaust emissions are predicted according to the well known mechanisms proposed by Zeldovich and Hiroyasu, respectively. Model accuracy has been successfully tested over a wide set of experimental data, composed of nearly 100 engine cycles measured on a commercial common rail multi-injection Diesel engine. Moreover, only 9 measured operating conditions were needed for model identification, thus confirming the limited recourse to experiments. Simulation results also evidenced that the model can predict the effects of different injection parameters, in case of single and multiple injection, in a short computational time. Therefore its implementation is suitable for the accomplishment of intensive simulations or optimization analyses, aimed to minimize consumption and/or emissions vs. injection strategy (number of injections, injection timing, rail pressure, etc.).

CONTROL PARAMETERS OPTIMIZATION IN AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL ENGINES VIA TWO ZONE MODELLING

The paper deals with the optimization of control parameters of High Speed Direct Injection (HSDI) Diesel engines by means of a two zone thermodynamic model. The proposed methodology is aimed to support the engine control design for common-rail Diesel engines with multiple injections, where the large number of control parameters requires a large experimental tuning effort. The modelling approach is based on a semi-empirical two-zone combustion model coupled with an intensive identification analysis. Fuel spray motion, air entrainment and combustion are predicted assuming two control volumes (fuel spray and surrounding air) and a semi-empirical formulation that accounts for the occurrence of premixed and diffusive regimes is implemented for the heat release rate. NOx and soot exhaust emissions are predicted according to the well known mechanisms proposed by Zeldovich and Hiroyasu, respectively. Model accuracy has been successfully tested over a wide set of experimental data, composed of 90 operating points measured on a commercial common-rail Diesel engine. Simulation results evidenced that the model can predict the effects of different injection parameters, in case of single and multiple injection, in a short computational time. An optimization analysis has been performed aimed at minimizing NO emissions with constraints on soot emissions and engine performance (IMEP). The results evidenced that an average reduction of 20% can be achieved by optimal tuning of EGR, rail pressure, injection timing and duration.

Soot generation of diesel fuels with substantial amounts of oxygen-bearing compounds added

Two-colour pyrometry, thermodynamic analysis, and exhaust emissions analysis have been used to improve understanding of the formation of soot during combustion in a high speed direct-injection automotive diesel engine. Three fuel blends were used: a Base Fuel commercially available in Northern Europe; a blend of the Base Fuel (70%) and esterified rape-seed oil (RME) (30%) and a blend of the Base Fuel (90%) and an ether compound (diglyme) (10%). While the Base Fuel contained no oxygen, both the other two fuels contained equal amounts of oxygen of 3% by mass. The principal results show significant differences in soot generation during combustion between the two oxygenated fuel blends, despite both having the same amount of oxygen.

Experimental investigation of control of NO x emissions in biodiesel-fueled compression ignition engine

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel consisting of the alkyl esters of fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. Vegetable oils are produced from numerous oil seed crops (edible and non-edible), e.g., rapeseed oil, linseed oil, rice bran oil, soybean oil, etc. Research has shown that biodiesel-fueled engines produce less carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (HC), and particulate emissions compared to mineral diesel fuel but higher NO x emissions. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is effective to reduce NO x from diesel engines because it lowers the flame temperature and the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber. However, EGR results in higher particulate matter (PM) emissions. Thus, the drawback of higher NO x emissions while using biodiesel may be overcome by employing EGR. The objective of current research work is to investigate the usage of biodiesel and EGR simultaneously in order to reduce the emissions of all regulated pollutants from diesel engines. A two-cylinder, air-cooled, constant speed direct injection diesel engine was used for experiments. HCs, NO x , CO, and opacity of the exhaust gas were measured to estimate the emissions. Various engine performance parameters such as thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), etc. were calculated from the acquired data. Application of EGR with biodiesel blends resulted in reductions in NO x emissions without any significant penalty in PM emissions or BSEC.