Speed Control Of Machines Research Articles

Real-Time Application of DC Machine Speed Control with Q-Learning Based PID Controller

Çalışmamızda Q-öğrenme tabanlı adaptif PID kontrolörün gerçek zamanlı bir sistemdeki performansı incelenmiştir. Gerçek zamanlı sistem olarak DA makine hız kontrolü sistemi tercih edilmiştir. DA makine sisteminden gelen hata sinyali üzerinden sistemin durum bilgisi ve Q-öğrenme yöntemi için ödül sinyali hesaplanmaktadır. Durum bilgisi ve ödül sinyali yardımı ile PID katsayıları artırılıp azaltılarak optimal katsayılara ulaşılmaktadır. Her PID katsayısı için bir adet Q-tablosu tanımlanmıştır. Simülasyon çalışması ve gerçek zamanlı uygulama ile kontrolör performansı incelenmiştir. Pekiştirmeli öğrenme ile tasarlanan kontrolcünün klasik PID yapısı gibi başarılı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Sensorless Field Oriented Control of Synchronous Machines for Low and High Speeds with Space Vector Modulation-Based Direct Flux Control Measurement Sequence

During the last decade, field oriented control has often been implemented with space vector modulation due to its inherent advantages over other modulation techniques. On the other hand, direct flux control is a method that estimates the rotor electrical position of synchronous machines (e.g., permanent magnet synchronous motors) using only voltage measurements. In simple terms, direct flux control replaces position sensors by measuring the voltage difference between the star point of the synchronous machine and an artificial star point at particular instants during the switching pattern. Indeed, previous work dealt with direct flux control resorting exclusively to sinusoidal pulse width modulation and mostly in open-loop speed control schemes. This paper aims to present a space vector modulation-based direct flux control measurement sequence that can be used directly with field oriented control to perform sensorless speed control of synchronous machines. In contrast with previous publications, the direct flux control measurement sequence proposed in this paper not only extracts the direct flux control flux linkage signals with the same offset level but also obtains the phase currents needed for field oriented control without current ripple. In simple terms, the proposed direct flux control measurement sequence based on space vector modulation can be used with field oriented control to perform sensorless closed-loop speed control of synchronous machines. The sensorless speed control with the space vector modulation-based direct flux control sequence is validated for high speeds (80% of the nominal speed) and low speeds (6% of the nominal speed) using a high-fidelity four-pole synchronous machine’s simulation model implemented in ANSYS Simplorer and Maxwell.

Design and Implementation Six-Steps Inverter Using Fuzzy Sugeno in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

Controlling the speed of the permanent magnet synchronous machines plays an essential role in the industrial process and keeps the permanent magnet synchronous machines running quickly and efficiently. Even if the load changes, the rate speed of the permanent magnet synchronous machines should be adjusted to a constant speed. An excellent permanent magnet synchronous machines speed control system must respond quickly and accurately. However, in practice, rarely find a permanent magnet synchronous machines controlled to achieve a certain speed. This research presents an analysis of fuzzy logic control using seven membership functions for speed control of permanent magnet synchronous machines. Rotor speed control is performed on the rotor voltage by changing the duty cycle value. This voltage change affects the torque of the engine. Adjust the speed by changing the input voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous machines with the six-steps inverter. In the open-loop test (without control), the system cannot reach the desired setting and will only run after input from the throttle. In a closed loop (using fuzzy logic control), the system can achieve the desired setting in 90 seconds even if the setpoint is changed and can move to the setpoint.

Real time implementation of anti-windup PI controller for speed control of induction machine based on DTC strategy

This paper presents simulation and experimental results of anti-windup PI controller to improve induction machine speed control based on direct torque control (DTC) strategy. Problems like rollover can arise in conventional PI controller due to saturation effect. In order to avoid such problems anti-windup PI controller is presented. This controller is simple for implementation in practice. The proposed anti-windup PI controller demonstrates better dynamic step changes response in speed in terms of overshoots. All simulation work was done using Simulink in the MATLAB software. The experimental results were obtained by practical implementation on a dSPACE 1104 board for a 1.5 KW induction machine. Simulation and experimental results have proven a good performance and verified the validity of the presented control strategy.

Control of electric machines using flower pollination algorithm based fractional order PID controller

In this work, fractional order proportional integral derivative controller (FOPIDC) is proposed and implemented for speed control of electric machines using nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm (MOA) named as flower pollination algorithm (FPA). Investigations are performed by considering the second-order transfer function of D.C Motor. FOPIDC constants KP, KI, KD, λ, and μ are optimized by considering FPA. The desired response of the electric machine is obtained by using tuned parameters of FOPIDC. After that, FOPIDC response using FPA is compared with PIDC response using FPA in the sense of time-domain specifications and performance indices (PI) like ‘integral of square error (ISE), integral of time-weighted square error (ITSE), integral of absolute error (IAE) and integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE)’. Finally, the desired response of electric machine using FPA based FOPIDC is compared with desired response of electric machine using firefly algorithm (FA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm based FOPIDC.

A novel optimal firefly algorithm based gain scheduling proportional integral derivative controller for rotor spinning machine speed control

In advanced yarn production, the rotor spinning machine plays a significant role due to its low power consumption and high speed of yarn delivery. Nevertheless, if the speed of the machine exceeds from its desired level, the yarn output will go worsen. Therefore, in this paper, a novel optimal firefly algorithm based gain scheduling proportional-integral-derivative controller is proposed to regulate the speed of linear parameter varying based rotor spinning machine at the desired level. Here, the OFA is added to the GSPID controller for tuning the controller parameters. Consequently, Spline piecewise interpolation is newly developed to regulate the gain tuning parameters in high desired rate. The stability of the projected controller is synthesized by the combination of linear matrix variations with $$H_{\infty }$$ control. Moreover, the error percentage and the accuracy of the proposed system are optimized using OFA. The implementation of this projected work was done in the MATLAB R2018b platform. Furthermore, the simulation result of the developed control strategy is compared with other traditional control approaches and its efficiency measure has proved by gaining less computational time as 10 s, error rate as 0.0982%, and high accuracy as 92%.

Operation algorithm of the hoist electric drive based on a doubly-fed machine with combined control

Currently, a large number of existing mine hoisting installations use the electric drive based on an induction motor with a rotary station. Despite the fact that such drives have a large overload capacity and linear (within the working areas) mechanical characteristics, they have drawbacks, first of all – significant energy losses. A promising way for modernization of such drives, as well as design of new ones based on a wound-rotor induction motor, is to use a doubly-fed machine. In the article the operation algorithm of the hoist electric drive on the basis of a doubly-fed machine is given. The algorithm realizes a combined method of controlling the machine in the speed function, combining asynchronous and synchronous modes of operation with the mode of changing the active rotor resistance. The control of the hoist electric drive in accordance with the proposed algorithm allows the required range of machine speed control to be reached while maintaining the overload capacity on the entire control range.

AN ADAPTIVE POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER BASED ON FOCUSED TIME DELAY NEURAL NETWORK

In this paper, Power System Stabilizer is designed in Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) and speed control is implemented with a dynamic topology based on Focused Time Delay Neural Network (FTDNN). In case of prediction and control, two individual strategies are concerned for the current projects. The first is identification the dynamics of system. The other is an optimization unit expected for minimization disturbances. The performance of the system with FTDNN-PSS controller is compared with a Conventional PSS (C-PSS), RNN-PSS and DTDNN PSS. The results show the effectiveness of FTDNN-PSS design, and superior robust performance for enhancement power system stability compared to Conventional PSS with different cases.

Local Stability Analysis and Controller Design for Speed-Controlled Wind Turbine Systems in Regime II.5

The paper presents a local stability analysis for machine speed control of wind turbine systems (WTS) in regime II.5, where the control objective is set-point reference tracking of the machine speed via a PI-controller. Stability criteria for the controller parameters are derived. Based on these criteria, the controller parameters are chosen by pole placement. Moreover, a model-based tuning rule is proposed which leads (i) to a stable and (ii) to an accurate and fast control performance. The control system is additionally augmented by anti-windup (AWU) and saturation (SAT) strategies to enhance its performance. Simulation results illustrate stability and tracking performance of the closed-loop system.

High performance nonlinear controller design for AC and DC machines: partial feedback linearization approach

This paper presents the design of a partial feedback linearization controller for speed control of DC and AC machines. The design of the controller is presented based on the nonlinear modeling of the plant. The model of the plant is obtained from differential dynamic equations. A stability analysis is presented to guarantee the stability of the proposed design. To validate the effectiveness of the controller, DC and AC machines systems are simulated. The performance of proposed controller is investigated with respect to different amount of load torque. Simulation studies show that the proposed controller provides the accuracy and high performance for both AC and DC machines.

MONITORING AND CONTROLLING OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES BY USING WI-FI BASED ANDROID APPLICATION

“Android” is the world’s most adopted mobile stand which is means for creating application that look great and take advantage of hardware capabilities. The advantage of android is that it is an open resource working system is used in provisions of mobile application that is smart phone which will perform as a remote controller. Here the proposed system is measured to controlling and monitoring Machines and Electrical Appliances using android application where the slightly controlling and monitoring is achieved. Android mobile act as a transmitter and the acknowledged by Wi-Fi Router receiver interfaced to AVR microcontroller of 89S52 well-known is an superior edition of 89S52 microcontroller. Every time data is sent by android application as per code written is executed by AVR to distribute supply signal to triac through optical segregation. Hence the power to load associated in series with triac is controlled based on received signal and speed control of machines is achieved. Apart from Speed controlling and monitoring, we also monitoring the a variety of Electrical Appliances like Fans, Lamps, opening and closing of Entrance gate, and detection of leakage of LPG gas in industry. User can control all applications from a single Android Application in their Smart phone. KEYWORDS: Wi-Fi (wireless fidility ,AVR (Advanced. Virtual RISC), µC (Microcontroller), VFD (Variable Frequency Drive), I/O (Input/Output), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

A passivity-based controller under low sampling for speed control of PMSM

Controller performances are strongly limited by the switching frequency of the converter and the computational capacity of the target board. Therefore, in such a context the design of controllers that provide good performances under possible large sampling period length is necessary. To tackle these limitations, a digital design is described for speed control of permanent magnet synchronous machines. It is based on the interconnection and the damping assignment passivity-based control (IDA-PBC) techniques extensions to the sampled-data context.

Voltage Control Of Three Phase Ac/Dc Pwm Converters Using Feedback Linearisation

This paper proposes a voltage control strategy for a three level PWM converter based on feedback linearization in order to control dc bus voltage. Incorporating the power balance of the input and output sides in system modeling, a nonlinear model of the PWM converter is derived with state variables such as ac input currents and dc output voltage. Feedback linearization transforms a nonlinear system into a linear system. Then by input-output feedback linearization, the system is linearized and a state feedback control law is obtained by pole placement. For robust control to parameter variations, integrators are added to the exact feedback control law. Since the fast voltage control is feasible for load changes, it is shown that the capacitor size can be reduced remarkably. The input current is regulated to be sinusoidal and the source power factor can be controlled at unity. This feedback linearization technique can be extended for permanent magnet synchronous generator wind power system at the grid voltage sag. The proposed method is tested and the results of simulation are observed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. I. Introduction In this paper, simulation of dc machine speed control which is fed by three - phase voltage source rectifier under input - output linearization nonlinear control, is realized. The speed Control loop is combined with input-output linearization nonlinear control. By means of the simulation, power factor, line currents, harmonic distortions and dc machine speed are presented. In nature, most of the systems are nonlinear. But, most of them are thought as linear and the control structures are realized with linear approach. Because, linear control methods are so strong to define the stability of the systems. However, linear control gives poor results in large operation range and the effects of hard nonlinearities cannot be derived from linear methods. Furthermore, designing linear controller, there must not be uncertainties on the parameters of system model because this causes performance degradation or instability. For that reasons, the nonlinear control are chosen. Nonlinear control methods also provide simplicity of the controller. Considering a three phase supply for every voltage source there will be some impedance drop, after measuring for rectification process to eliminate third and fifth harmonics we use six pulse bridge converters, after rectification this gets stored in capacitor, this is called DC link voltage. To control DC link voltage in this paper we used insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT'S) other than SCR because it has high holding capability compared to SCR'S. IGBT'S reduce the low harmonics depending on pulse width modulation (PWM) technique it generates gate pulses. PWM technique is nothing but decreasing width of pulse. To reduce the switching losses we go for SVPWM i.e. in IGBT parameters we consider voltage and current feedback and their magnitude is derived and the magnitude is converted into polar form, this technique is called parks transformation technique. Feedback linearization transforms a non-linear system into a linear one, then by input output feedback linearization the system is linearized and a state feedback control law is obtained by pole placement. Since the fast voltage control is feasible for load changes, it is shown that the capacitor size can be reduced remarkably. The input current is regulated to be sinusoidal and the source power factor can be controlled at unity. This can be extended by permanent magnet synchronous generator connected wind power system to maintain the voltage constant when the total system is connected generator side as well as grid side with the help of dc capacitor.

Induction motor speed drive improvement using fuzzy IP-self-tuning controller. A real time implementation

An IP-self-tuning controller tuned by a fuzzy adjustor, is proposed to improve induction machine speed control. The interest of such controller is the possibility to adjust only one gain, instead of two gains for the case of the PI-self-tuning controllers commonly used in the literature. This paper presents simulation and experimental results. These latter were obtained by practical implementation on a DSPace 1104 board of three different speed controllers (the classical IP, the fuzzy-like-PI and the IP-self-tuning), for a 1.5KW induction machine. The paper presents different tests used to compare the performances of the proposed controller to the two others in terms of computation time, tracking performances and disturbances rejection.

Comparison of PWM Techniques and Inverter Performance

Due to large application of induction motors in industries, it has become prudent to work on its speed control. As the inverter provides better sinusoidal voltage or current, speed control of machines becomes more fine. It is possible only if inverter gets better gate pulses. Hence for testing of quality of inverter output voltage or current, %THD and switching frequency are two important parameter. It also contain the output voltage or current at 3k Hz switching frequency.

ELM-based sensorless speed control of permanent magnet synchronous machine

This paper deals with Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) based sensorless speed estimation and speed control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs). ELM, first proposed by G.B. Huang as a new class of learning algorithm for Single-Hidden Layer Feedforward Neural Networks (SLFNs), is extremely fast and accurate, and has better generalisation performance than the traditional gradient-based training methods. To implement Field-Oriented Control (FOC) in PMSMs, the stator magnetic field is always kept 90 degrees ahead of the rotor. This requires rotor position information all the time. This information is accurately obtained with an ELM-based observer without the position sensor for PMSMs, and hence, the cost of the system is reduced, while the problems associated with the sensors are minimised.

Research on Doubly-Fed Induction Machine Speed Control System in Marine

Application of doubly-fed variable speed system in motor-generator station is a new field in marine. This paper introduced the theory of doubly-fed variable speed and the design of doubly-fed system, adopted stator flux orientation vector control in induction motor by rotor current control with inverter. A kind of simple and fast starting device was designed, thus the power demand of inverter was reduced greatly. Experiment results showed that doubly-fed induction machine was good for speed adjusting and transient speed change rate was smaller than 1%.

Induction machine speed control with flux optimization

A new speed control strategy is developed, based on a machine model that accounts for the magnetic characteristic saturation. The control strategy includes a flux reference generator, designed to meet optimal operational conditions, and a speed controller designed using nonlinear techniques. Both flux generation and speed control laws involve the machine state variables. The performances of the proposed control strategy are formally analyzed and its supremacy with respect to standard control solutions is illustrated through simulation.

Magnetic saturation effect in the achievement of wide speed range control for induction machine

The problem of induction machine speed control is considered. Most previous works considered the machine magnetic characteristic to be linear and the flux reference to be constant. Generally, the constant flux reference is given the flux nominal value located in elbow zone of the magnetic characteristic. Doing so, the machine operation mode is not optimal in presence of small load torques. Similarly, if the flux reference is given a small value, the machine operation is again not optimal in presence of large load torques. As a matter of fact, an optimal operation mode can not be achieved with a constant flux reference. But, varying flux control strategies can not be designed without accounting for the nonlinearity of the machine magnetic characteristic. In the present work, we precisely develop a speed control strategy based on a machine model that accounts for the magnetic characteristic saturation. A speed controller is designed using a nonlinear design technique. The performances of the developed control strategy are formally analysed and their supremacy with respect to standard control solutions (assuming linear magnetic characteristic) is illustrated through simulation.

Design of a Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller by Genetic Algorithms for Induction Machine Speed Control

The drawbacks of sliding mode control in terms of high control gains and chattering are overcome by merging of the FLC with the variable structure of the SMC to form a fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC). However, the major drawback of fuzzy control is the lack of design techniques. Hence this hybrid system increases the complexity in design and, at present, there exists no effective design tools due to the lack of analytical and numerical approaches. This paper develops an automated design approach to this design problem, using a genetic algorithm. The method is illustrated through the design of a near-optimal fuzzy sliding mode controller for induction motor speed control. The control strategy gives a relatively low overshoots with smooth control action and retains robustness of the sliding mode approach.