Speeches Of Leaders Research Articles

Importance of the Food Issue in Algeria's Economic Policy

The issue of food security has been taken very seriously by the public authorities since the country's independence in 1962. This major social and political concern was manifested in the various political speeches of leaders and in the national charter which proclaims this universal right of the population to healthy, varied, sustainable and accessible food for all. To achieve this, a decisive role was given to the national agricultural sector to ensure the supply of basic foodstuffs to the population at accessible prices, particularly for disadvantaged social groups. Thus, agricultural and agri-food policies were designed and implemented to achieve the objective of food security and preserve national sovereignty. In this article, we will try to provide some answers on the main axes of this food policy adopted by the State. First, we briefly present the characteristics of the consumption model of Algerians, then, we expose the importance of the means and actions implemented to achieve these objectives through in particular the recommended subsidy and import policies for basic foodstuffs. by the state. Finally and thanks to the statistical data available, we deduce some aspects of the limits and constraints of this food policy before suggesting some recommendations to strengthen its reliability in the face of the country's economic constraints.

Post-Truth Politics: An Analysis of News Channel’s Coverage of Political Leaders’ Speeches in Public Processions in Pakistan

This study attempts to find out the symptoms of post-truth political culture — politics of emotions rather than rational political debate — in the context of Pakistan. The data in the form of political speeches of politicians from March to July 2022 was taken from Youtube. Political speeches of leaders of four main political parties of Pakistan were analyzed: Imran Khan from Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), Maryam Nawaz from Pakistan Muslim league (PML-N), Bilawal Bhutto Zardari from Pakistan People’s Party (PPP), and Maulana Fazal Ur Rehman from Jamiat-Ulema-Islami (JUI-F). Using the quantitative content analysis method, the content of 26 speeches, consisting of almost 854 minutes, was broken down into nine categories: policy, facts, false statements, religion, party, promises, performance, public issues, and opposition. Agenda setting theory laid the theoretical approach to observe post-truth dilemmas in political speeches in the public processions. The observed categories were compared across all politicians descriptively: the speeches had 2% facts; 4% false statements; 5% discussion on policy making; 41% arguments attacking the opponent political party; 12% religious references; 12% promises; 10% arguments were about the leader’s own political party; 5% were based on their past performance; whilst, only 9% addressed the public issues.

Ethos of Conflict in the International Arena: Power Predicts Expression of Threat for Security and Hope for Peace in Speeches of Leaders of Nations in Conflict

Nations mired in prolonged conflict develop and disseminate societal beliefs to address society's needs. These beliefs are also used to garner support in the international arena. Two key beliefs commonly voiced to the international community by leaders of rival parties concern the threats posed to their nation and their nation's aspiration for peace. Not accounting for power differences, so common in international conflicts, current literature asserts that both parties in conflict express these beliefs. However, we suggest that the extent these beliefs are voiced depends on the nations' relative power. Namely, we hypothesize that because of inferior capabilities, low‐power nations are likely to mention the threats posed to their security and their eagerness for peace more frequently than high‐power nations. To test our hypothesis, we analyzed the entire corpus of speeches made by Israeli and Palestinian representatives speaking at the United Nations General Debate between 1998 and 2020. We found that although representatives from both parties spoke about the threats posed to their security and their eagerness for peace, both beliefs were voiced more frequently by speakers from the low‐power party (in this case, Palestinians) than the high‐power party (Israelis). Implications for psychological research of nations in conflict are discussed.

Справедливость в коммуникативной практике китайцев

As part of the study of the twelve basic values of socialism with Chinese characteristics, approved by the State Council of China in 2013, studies related to the understanding and interpretation of each of the values become relevant. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the main vectors of development of the value concept 公正 / justice in the context of the development of modern Chinese institutional discourse. The data of dictionary definitions, texts of ancient Chinese treatises, speeches of leaders of the Communist Party of China, as well as texts located in the national corpora of the Chinese language, and propaganda posters posted on the Internet served as the material for the analysis. The word 公正 / justice consists of two characters, the graphic appearance of which reflects the ancient Chinese ideas of justice and correctness; the word first is used in an ancient Chinese treatise and denotes the mode of government of a wise ruler. The formation of the concept of "justice" in Chinese linguistic culture is influenced by Confucianism (reasonableness) and legalism (equality before the law); within the framework of socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is associated with law and equality. A comparative analysis of the data from the National Corpus of the Chinese Language and the Corpus of Syntactic Structures of the Chinese Language shows the actualization of the ancient Chinese concept of justice, which is manifested in the relations between the state and society; the high frequency of the analyzed mental education in modern Chinese periodicals, which in the current conditions represent the Chinese media and political discourse. Within the framework of this discourse, 公正 / justice is defined as the justice of representatives of law enforcement agencies and justice, and the unfairness of judicial practice is condemned. Within the framework of scientific, pedagogical, economic and other discourses, this mental formation is practically not used.

Концепция «нового похода» в официальной трактовке истории Коммунистической партии Китая

Importance. The paper analyzes the concept of “new march” of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Recently, this phrase has been often mentioned in the speeches of leaders of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and has been actively promoted by party propaganda. The purpose of the research is to trace the development process of the expression “new march” in the ideological field of the PRC and to determine the key meaning of the concept. Materials and methods. To achieve the purpose, the speeches of PRC’s leaders in 1996, 2006 and 2016 on the occasion of the round anniversary of the end of the Long March of 1934–1936, which is associated with the ideology of the “new march”, are analyzed. With the qualitative and quantitative content analysis, common and special points for the three texts are highlighted. It is shown how the concept of the “new Long March” was filled with content. The origin of the term “new march” in official sources is also traced and the ideas that party theorists associate with this expression are highlighted. Result and Discussion. It’s finds out that the ideologeme mainly shifts focus from achievements of previous period of the country’s development to future successes of socialist construction in the “New Era” proclaimed by the current General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping. Conclusion. Emergence of the “new march” concept is indicative of some changes in how the CPC positions itself in Chinese history. Influence of this transformation on PRC’s ideology as a whole is subject to further research.

Evaluating the Ideological Stances in the speeches of British Political Leaders on the Syrian Refugees' Crisis:

This study is an attempt to analyze the speeches of leaders of the main UK political partieson the Syrian refugees' crisis following the spread of horrific images of Syrian familiesand children facing death in the Mediterranean Sea on their way to Europe to escape theongoing war in their home country. The study applies the Appraisal Model as the mainapproach of analysis, as the researcher seeks to investigate how the Syrian refugees arerepresented in the political speeches of prominent party leaders in the UK. In addition, thestudy explores how the western values of democracy and human rights are maintained oroverlooked while dealing with the Syrian refugees escaping the war in their homeland tosome European countries and the UK. The study consists of four sections. Theintroductory one outlines the context, objective, significance and the methodology of thestudy. Section two outlines the review of literature, while section three deals with theanalysis and discussion of data, and section four presents the findings and conclusion ofthe study.

Populist parties shifting the political discourse? A case study of the Economic Freedom Fighters in South Africa

ABSTRACTThis article examines the use of populist discourse in South African politics. We investigate speeches of leaders from the ruling African National Congress (ANC) and opposition parties, the Democratic Alliance (DA) and the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). We find that the EFF consistently employs populist appeals, while both the incumbent ANC and official opposition DA largely refrain. Our longitudinal analysis allows an examination of fluctuation across party leaders and electoral cycles, and illustrates that neither the ANC nor the DA have modified their political discourses in light of a rising populist challenger. However, there is some evidence that the two most dominant parties have reformed their programmatic offerings and behaviour in an attempt to compete with the EFF's popular appeal. The South African case offers important insights into the study of oppositional populism on the African continent, and a window into how major political parties may respond to emerging populist contenders.

Coronavirus Pandemic: How National Leaders Framed Their Speeches to Fellow Citizens

It has perhaps never happened before that presidents or prime ministers of almost all countries have spoken to their citizens in so short a time on the same topic—COVID-19. When the scientific community did not have correct answers or adequate explanations for the questions that people and patients were asking, world leaders took up the gauntlet and spoke to their citizens. What did they tell them? What facts did they choose to dwell on, and how did they present them? How did they provide comfort and support? What offer did they make? We selected the speeches of leaders from five countries with the highest (nominal) GDP—the USA, China, Japan, Germany and India, and analysed it using a qualitative method—framing analysis. All the speeches except that of China’s were relatively short and contained four dominant frames: prevention-protection, the other, solidarity and hope and comfort. However, each leader’s address had a unique frame. The manner in which the leaders framed their arguments and announcements shows how they understand and construct the identity of their fellow citizens.

Challenges to globalization and its impact on prevailing international liberal order

Challenges to globalization have grave implications for the worldwide liberal order that emerged with the end of the cold war. These challenges began to ascend from the West. The occasions like Brexit, ascent of radical rightist political groups in Europe, recognition of isolationist policies, choice of former US President Donald Trump (Originator of isolationist policies), and the strive towards confinement of manufacture and services have altered the contours of global liberal order. The objective of this examination is to find the factors that prepared ground for anti-globalization accounts as well as to discover its effect on the global liberal order by applying the content analysis method. This study will assume qualitative methodology utilizing both primary and secondary data i.e., government documents, annual reports, speeches of leaders, books, journal articles and newspapers etc. The findings of the study concludes that anti-globalization narratives are translating into the electoral processes, progressing hyper-nationalism over liberal order; multi-polarity above Uni-polarity; and Isolationism above free market economy. All such changes have critical repercussions for the global liberal order, hence, should be observed cautiously. If the pattern proceeds, the world pioneers ought to think about modifying the worldwide associations, alliances, as well as national security procedures.

The Kazakhstani Soviet not? Reading Nazarbayev’s Kazakhstani-ness through Brezhnev’s Soviet people

ABSTRACT Rather than interpreting President Nursultan Nazarbayev’s nation-building model of Kazakhstani-ness as a balance between civic and ethnic forms of nation-building, we show that Kazakhstani-ness was styled on Leonid Brezhnev’s supranational modern identity of the Soviet People. We explore three similarities by comparing rulers’ discursive aspirational statements (rather than historical policy trajectories) in a single case study of Kazakhstan. Both discursive models were based on teleological supranational state ideology, both were depicted as modern and advanced, and both modelled the new identity on the language and culture of ethnic majority. We used thematic discourse analysis in over 50 government documents and speeches of leaders to illustrate our argument. This case presents bigger lessons for regime’s power of defining the national membership in post-Soviet Kazakhstan and beyond.

Oficjalna recepcja Sun Yat-sena w latach 1981–2016

The paper examines the official reception of Dr Sun Yat-sen to whose programme the communist authorities turned in search of ideological foundations for the new policy of ‘reforms and opening’ promulgated after the end of the so-called cultural revolution. The analysis, based on speeches of leaders at gatherings commemorating anniversaries of Sun’s birth and outbreak of 1911 Revolution, finds that the ideas of Sun – addressed as great national hero, great patriot, great fore-runner of revolution – helped to mobilise people to carry out current national tasks with the great renaissance of the Chinese nation as the most important. The speeches exhort to follow Sun’s indomitable will of a great revolutionary in order to work hard towards this noble goal, which he envisaged as ‘rejuvenation of China’ as early as 1894. Sun Yat-sen’s ability and readiness to correct and refine his ideas which led him to accept of Marxism (with no further elaboration as to the extent of this acceptance) and to co-operate with the Chinese Communist Party was emphasised the most by the speakers. CPC is portrayed as the truest and steady heir of Sun Yat-sen’s programme, the heir who finalized his struggle for establishing China as a genuinely independent state granting social justice to its nation. Strongly emphasized is the topic of unification of China – meaning the unification with Taiwan – prominently quoted as one of Sun’s ultimate goals. Speakers refer to Sun Yat-sen’s appeal on ‘China’s obligation to make a contribution to the mankind’ once China’s proper position in the world has been restored. The leaders’ approach to Sun’s programme is selective and somehow simplified, limited to the political challenges of the day. Fortunately, an upsurge of research on Sun Yat-sen’s works by the academic circles in China since the 80s has brought more in-depth findings.

Accusation and Legitimacy in the Civil War in Angola

Abstract This article analyses the main categories of accusation found in the speeches of leaders from the People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) during the Civil War in Angola (1975-2002). Seeking to understand the entanglements between the global and local dimensions of the conflict, we argue that the accusations made by Agostinho Neto (MPLA), José Eduardo dos Santos (MPLA), and Jonas Savimbi (UNITA) aimed to delegitimize the ‘other’ in the act of claiming legitimacy to occupy the state. This is achieved through the opposition between accusatory categories attributed to the ‘other’ and their inverse, categories attributed to the person making the accusation. We thereby show how the understanding of political conflicts in general, and the conflict in Angola specifically, can be illuminated through the analysis of categories whose linguistic dimension is entangled with historically constituted social positionalities.

Особенности нового языка («Новоязы») русских язычников XXI века

Особенности нового языка («Новоязы») русских язычников XXI века. Современное язычество, подобно иным новым религиозным движениям (НРД), включает теоретические изложения и обоснования учений, созданные идеологами объединений, устные выступления руководителей, растиражированные в форме нарративов, электронных носителей, фиксированные пророчества, сочинения адептов (как правило, в рамках первого поколения). Русское язычество XX-XXI веков обладает собственным «новоязом», созданным основателями общин и реализуемым в ритуальной практике. Современный «языческий язык» проявляется в ономастиконе, обрядовой терминологии и в конструировании магических словесных формул. «Новоязы», используемые сегодняшними политеистами, представлены «наукообразными» и «этнически обогащенными» группами, для них характерно использование практики усложнения текста. Кроме того, вслед за другими НРД, язычники «определяются» набором стандартизированных маркеров, нашедших выражение в базовых понятиях и выражениях. Одной из характерных черт успешно реализуемого проекта «языческая печать как товар» является эклектизм источниковой базы традиционного язычества и нового – конструируемого. Данная специфика реализуется через текстологическую работу лидера-автора, формулу «копировать-вставить», за счет которой языческий «новояз» приобретает черты полноценного «исторического» источника. В этой связи можно провести параллели между «новым языком новых язычников» и феноменом «фолк-хистори». Подобно последней, «исторические» творения современных лидеров от нативизма претендуют на истинность в последней инстанции.

More Different Than Similar: Values in Political Speeches of Leaders from Developed and Developing Countries

With globalization, the understanding of different values and cultures has become vital. This study investigates differences and similarities in the use of values of political speeches from developed and developing countries. A content analysis was conducted on 48 political speeches of six leaders. Applying the list of Basic Human Values, we found that "benevolence," "universalism," "stimulation," "self-direction," and "achievement" were most present in all speeches. However, "universalism" and "benevolence" were most present in speeches from developed countries while "stimulation" and "self-direction" in speeches from developing countries. Speeches also differed in terms of tones attached to words expressing the values. This study finds that there are more differences than similarities in the use of values in speeches from developed and developing countries.

The ‘New Woman’ in Cuban Revolutionary Discourse: Manuel Cofiño's The Last Woman and the Next Combat (1971)

Che Guevara's Socialism and Man in Cuba (1965) hails the creation of ‘a new man’, or a new revolutionary identity for all Cubans. This article examines the politics of gender in the creation of this identity in the first decade of the Cuban revolution, with a focus on the female counterpart of the new man. In speeches of leaders and policy makers of the time I look at positive and negative role models offered to women, and analyze the extent to which these roles become reproduced in a revolutionary novel, Manuel Cofiño's The Last Woman and the Next Combat (1971). Since this is a strikingly cinematic novel, I use Laura Mulvey's theory of the gaze to describe the rigid construction of gender in the text, but I also look at how this gaze can be appropriated and contested by female readers who can experience a pleasurable identification. Ultimately, this novel represents a significant trove not only of the gender images of official revolutionary discourse but also of the ways they can be subverted. The novel is thus a crucial piece in the archaeology of the liberatory politics that are being promoted by some Cuban writers today.

Multi-activité individuelle et stratégies des ménages agricoles

Summary. — The multi-açtivities of farmers in mountain areas are a well-known fact. Having undergone a period of decline, this phenomenon seems to be coming back into favour in official statistics and in the speeches of leaders in development. However, « multi-activity as an individual situation » should be considered as an integral element in family strategies. The maintenance of agriculture and the survival of the mountain populations depends on the complementary of their revenues. The example chosen is the Plateau des Petites Roches (Isère).