Speech Sounds Perception Test Research Articles

Criterion Groups Validation of The Seashore Rhythm Test and Speech Sounds Perception Test For The Detection of Malingering in Traumatic Brain Injury

A criterion-groups validation was used to determine the classification accuracy of the Seashore Rhythm Test (SRT) and Speech Sounds Perception Test (SSPT) in detecting malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND) in traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI patients were classified into the following groups: (1) Mild TBI Not-MND (n = 24); (2) Mild TBI MND (n = 27); and (3) Moderate/Severe TBI Not-MND (n = 23). A sample of 90 general clinical patients was utilized for comparison. Results showed that both SRT correct and SSPT errors differentiated malingerers from non-malingerers in the Mild TBI sample. At 96% specificity, sensitivities were 37% for SRT correct and 59% for SSPT errors. Joint classification accuracy showed that the best accuracy was achieved when using a cut-off associated with a 4% false positive error rate in the Mild TBI sample. Specificity was considerably lower in the Moderate/Severe TBI and General Clinical groups. The clinical application of these findings is discussed.

Detecting Insufficient Effort Using the Seashore Rhythm and Speech-Sounds Perception Tests in Head Injury

This study examined the capacity of the Seashore Rhythm Test (SRT) and the Speech-Sounds Perception Test (SSPT) to detect insufficient effort in a clinical sample. Forty-six participants with financially compensable mild head injury who obtained scores indicative of insufficient effort on multiple measures were compared to 49 participants with brain injury who were not involved in litigation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that both the SRT (AUC = .84) and SSPT (AUC = .80) were significant (p < .001) predictors of insufficient effort. Maximizing sensitivity and specificity, the optimal cutoff scores were 8 errors on the SRT and 10 errors on the SSPT. Combining both variables into a logistic regression function increased the diagnostic efficiency.

Auditory Processing Disorder in Children Diagnosed With Nonverbal Learning Disability

To determine whether children with a nonverbal learning disability (NVLD) have a higher incidence of auditory processing disorder (APD), especially in the tolerance-fading memory type of APD, and what associations could be found between performance on neuropsychological, intellectual, memory, and academic measures and APD. Eighteen children with NVLD ranging in age from 6 to 18 years received a central auditory processing test battery to determine incidence and subtype of APD. Psychological measures for assessment of NVLD included the Wechsler Scales, Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, and Wechsler Individual Achievement Test. Neuropsychological measures included the Category Test, Trails A and B, the Tactual Performance Test, Grooved Pegs, and the Speech Sounds Perception Test. Neuropsychological test scores of the NVLD+APD and NVLD groups were compared using analysis of covariance procedures, with Verbal IQ and Performance IQ as covariates. Sixty-one percent of the children were diagnosed with APD, primarily in the tolerance-fading memory subtype. The group of children with APD and NVLD had significantly lower scores on Verbal IQ, Digit Span, Sentence Memory, Block Design, and Speech Sounds Perception than children without APD. An ancillary finding was that the incidence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder was significantly higher in children with NVLD (with and without APD) than in the general population. The results indicate that children with NVLD are at risk for APD and that there are several indicators on neuropsychological assessment suggestive of APD. Collaborative, interdisciplinary evaluation of children with learning disorders is needed in order to provide effective therapeutic interventions.

Speech-sounds perception test: long- and short-forms reliability adjusted for item difficulty.

The internal consistency reliability of the Speech-Sounds Perception Test was computed for the long form (.9159), short form (.8410), and the six series (.6109 to .7310). The total sample (N= 632) consisted of normal, diffusely brain-damaged, and undiagnosed patients referred for assessment.

Response patterns on the Speech Sounds Perception Test as a strategy for detecting dissimulation

Response patterns on the Speech Sounds Perception Test as a strategy for detecting dissimulation

An alternate short form of the Speech-Sounds Perception Test.

A short form of the Speech-Sounds Perception Test based on the last three series is presented. For the total sample of 632 the KR-20 reliability was .84. An age- and education-corrected standardized score formula is provided. Reliability coefficients and descriptive statistics are presented for three groups, 107 normal, 150 diffusely brain-damaged, and 310 undiagnosed patients sent for assessment plus 65 volunteers for the normal group.

Internal consistency of three tests from the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological battery for older children.

The internal consistency of three neuropsychological tests was examined in a sample of 334 referred children (9-14 years of age). Coefficient alpha was calculated to estimate reliability on the Seashore Rhythm Test (SRT), two forms of the Speech Sounds Perception Test (SSPT), and the Aphasia Screening Test (AST). The standard SSPT appears to have relatively good internal consistency with an average coefficient of.81. The average coefficient for the abbreviated form of the SSPT was considerably lower (i.e.,.73), highlighting the superiority of the standard form in clinical practice. Internal consistency of the SRT was relatively low (i.e.,. 67). This level of reliability may be acceptable in group research and for component tests, but is marginal for independent clinical use. Coefficient alpha for the AST was moderate (i.e.,.77), suggesting adequate reliability for a screening test. These reliability estimates are compared to those obtained in previous studies using these tests in adult samples and with other tests commonly used with children.

Long and Short Forms of the Speech-Sounds Perception Test: Item Analysis and Age and Education Corrections

An item analysis of the long and short forms of the Speech-Sounds Perception Test (SSPT) was conducted on the following groups: normal controls, two groups of diffusely brain-damaged patients, and a heterogeneous group of patients sent for neuropsychological assessment. The total sample size was 632. It is largely the percentage of correct responses on the SSPT items that differentiate the groups. The discrimination indices showed that 83% of the test items are good. A regression equation for estimating the long-form SSPT from the short-form SSPT is provided along with age- and education-corrections for the SSPT long and short forms.

The WAIS-R Factors: Usefulness and Construct Validity in Neuropsychological Assessments

One-hundred and twelve patients were administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R), an abbreviated Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, and the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery. In order to replicate an earlier study (Sherman, Strauss, Spellacy, & Hunter, 1995), correlations were generated between the WAIS-R factor scores and neuropsychological and memory tests. The Verbal Comprehension factor (Factor 1) correlated with Speech Sounds Perception Test (SSPT), the Seashore Rhythm Test (SSRT), the Category Test, and memory indices. The Perceptual Organizational factor (Factor 2) correlated with the time, memory, and location scores of the Tactual Performance Test, the SSPT, SSRT, the Category Test, Trails A, Trails B, memory indices, and finger tapping. The Freedom From Distractibility factor (Factor 3) was correlated with the Category Test, the SSPT, the SSRT, Trails A, Trails B, immediate Logical Memory, and Visual Reproduction. Modest correlations suggest that the WAIS-R factors may be useful for understanding underlying cognitive performance and can be functional for generating hypotheses, but should not be utilized exclusively to make clinical inferences.

Neuropsychological findings in adult attention deficit disorder: a pilot study.

Relatively little is known about neuropsychological deficits in adults with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). This paper presents data for a consecutive series of 11 adults diagnosed as having adult ADD. The sample had a mean age of 33 4 years (range=22-56) and mean education of 15 years (range=8-19) and included 5 women and 6 men All were Caucasians. A neuropsychological test battery was administered. The results suggested few neuropsychological deficits except in the initial acquisition of verbal information on the Logical Memory Subtest, the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the Category Test. When a subsample was examined using age-, education-and gender-corrected norms, there appeared to be a tendency to obtain borderline scores on part B of the Trail Making Test and Category Test, but normal scores on the Rhythm Test, Speech Sounds Perception Test and Finger Tapping Test. These findings argue for the neuropsychological evaluation of adults suspected of having ADD.

Use of the Long vs Short Form of the Speech Sounds Perception Test in a School-Age Population

A sample of 645 school-age children, ages 9 to 14 years, were administered independent forms of the Speech Sounds Perception Test for older children. 328 subjects took the complete test (SSPT-60) and 317 were administered only the first 30 items (SSPT-30). Comparison of mean errors indicated that significantly more errors were made by subjects given the SSPT-30. Decisions regarding the use of each form for school-age children are discussed.

The SSPT-MX: A speech sounds perception test scale for the detection of malingering

The SSPT-MX: A speech sounds perception test scale for the detection of malingering

The SSPT-MX: A speech sounds perception test scale for the detection of malingering

The SSPT-MX: A speech sounds perception test scale for the detection of malingering

Effects of repeated neuropsychological assessments

The effects of repeated administrations of neuropsychological instruments were evaluated in a group of chronic cigarette smokers who served as control subjects in a larger research project. Subjects performance on 13 neuropsychological variables across four assessments was evaluated using trend analyses. Statistically significant results were obtained on the Logical and Figurai Memory Subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale (Form I — Russell's Revision) Part B of the Trail Making Test and the Grooved Pegboard Test (preferred hand). Of the remaining seven variables the Speech Sounds Perception Test, the Seashore Rhythm Test and Simple Auditory Reaction Time were highly consistent across all four assessments. The implications of these findings in clinical practice and research settings are addressed.

A Review of reference group data from normal children for the halstead-reitan neuropsychological test battery for older children

This article reviews data gathered from samples of normal children who were assessed with the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery for Older Children (HRB-OC), ages 9-14 years. Graphic comparisons by age group indicate clear developmental trends for all measures except TPT-memory, TPT-localization, and Seashore Rhythm Test. Methods used to analyze variability of the measures suggested that the following may be unreliable: Tactual Performance Test, all timed measures, memory and localization tasks; Trail Making Test, Part B among younger children; Speech-Sounds Perception Test; and Seashore Rhythm Test. These results are consistent with published reliability data from a study of referred children. The HRB-OC remains a powerful tool when combined with multiple methods of assessment and clinical expertise.

Clinical validity of the speech-sounds perception test and the seashore rhythm test

The interpretive significance of the Speech-Sounds Perception Test (SSPT) and the Seashore Rhythm Test (SRT) was evaluated through literature review and empirical investigations. Subjects were 43 pseudoneurologic controls and 81 brain-damaged persons, divided into subgroups of subjects with left-hemisphere damage (n = 20), diffuse brain damage (n = 31), and right-hemisphere damage (n = 30). Our data indicate that the SSPT and SRT failed to discriminate left- and right-hemisphere damage. Furthermore, discriminant analyses demonstrated that these tests make no unique diagnostic contribution within the context of a neuropsychological battery. We question whether these tests should be routinely used.

Wechsler Verbal-Performance IQ discrepancies among psychiatric inpatients: Implications for subtle neuropsychological dysfunctioning

One hundred seventy-nine psychiatric inpatients were administered the WAIS-R and several neuropsychological and academic achievement tests. All subjects were assigned to three groups based on their WAIS-R's VIQ-PIQ discrepancy scores: (i) Low Verbal (Verbal IQ < Performance IQ. by at least 13 points); (ii) Low Performance (Performance IQ < Verbal IQ by at least 13 points); and (iii) Equal (Verbal IQ-Performance IQ within 13 points). The Low Verbal group made significantly more errors on the Speech Sounds Perception Test, demonstrated lower spelling scores, evinced more aphasic signs, and had had more special education placements than did the Equal or Low Performance groups. The Low Performance subjects demonstrated significantly more signs of constructional dyspraxia and performed more poorly on the Grooved Pegboard test. The neuropsychiatric patients who had Verbal-Performance IQ discrepancies of at least one standard deviation may be at risk for specific, subtle neuropsychological deficits.

Wechsler Verbal-Performance IQ discrepancies among psychiatric inpatients: Implications for subtle neuropsychological dysfunctioning

One hundred seventy-nine psychiatric inpatients were administered the WAIS-R and several neuropsychological and academic achievement tests. All subjects were assigned to three groups based on their WAIS-R's VIQ-PIQ discrepancy scores: (i) Low Verbal (Verbal IQ < Performance IQ. by at least 13 points); (ii) Low Performance (Performance IQ < Verbal IQ by at least 13 points); and (iii) Equal (Verbal IQ-Performance IQ within 13 points). The Low Verbal group made significantly more errors on the Speech Sounds Perception Test, demonstrated lower spelling scores, evinced more aphasic signs, and had had more special education placements than did the Equal or Low Performance groups. The Low Performance subjects demonstrated significantly more signs of constructional dyspraxia and performed more poorly on the Grooved Pegboard test. The neuropsychiatric patients who had Verbal-Performance IQ discrepancies of at least one standard deviation may be at risk for specific, subtle neuropsychological deficits.

Interpretative significance of the speech sounds perception test and the seashore rhythm test

Interpretative significance of the speech sounds perception test and the seashore rhythm test

Interpretative significance of the speech sounds perception test and the seashore rhythm test

Interpretative significance of the speech sounds perception test and the seashore rhythm test